Download - Modul 1 - Geologi

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

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RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi

berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.


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Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:

– Perpustakaan termasuk internet– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi– Lapangan

• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalammenghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perludilakukan:– Observasi (pengamatan),– Analisis, dan– Sintesis


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Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke

perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan(survei)!

• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakartamemfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama−termasuk museum− tersebut di atas?


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• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?

Ilmu-ilmu terkait


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MATEMATIKAFISIKA KIMIA

STATISTIKA

HIDROLOGIGEOLOGI

BIOLOGI

METEOROLOGI

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

KEBUMIAN

ILMU-ILMUTERAPAN

TEKNOLOGI

GEOLOGIMINYAKBUMI

GEOLOGIBAHAN GALIAN GEOLOGI

PANASBUMIGEOLOGITEKNIK

GEOLOGILINGKUNGAN

TEKNIKPERMINYAKAN

TEKNIKPERTAMBANGAN

TEKNIKSIPIL

INDUSTRIPARIWISATA

DLL

DLL

PLANOLOGI

GEOARKEOLOGI

TEKNIKPANASBUMI

PERTANIAN

PEDOLOGI

Ilmu-ilmu antara

GEOFISIKA FISIKAKIMIAGEOKIMIASTATISTIKAGEOSTATISTIKA

GEOLOGI HIDROLOGIGEOHIDROLOGIBIOLOGIPALEONTOLOGIPARIWISATAGEOWISATA

GEOARKEOLOGI ARKEOLOGIDLL


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Pertanyaan:• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

Cabang-cabang geologiGEOLOGI

MINERALOGIGEOMORFOLOGIPALEONTOLOGI

GEOLOGISTRUKTUR

PETROLOGI TEKTONIKASTRATIGRAFIVOLKANOLOGI

GEOLOGISEJARAH

DLLSEDIMENTOLOGISPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI


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Pertanyaan:• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?


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• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait • Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?

GEOSPHERE

Initially, … it was an homogenous material


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ATMOSPHERE

SOLID EARTHHYDROSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

GEOSPHERE

Diversifications …MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP

GEOLOGI11


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BIOSPHERE

SOLID EARTH(LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)

ATMOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE

GEOSPHEREDynamic equilibrium


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• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait • Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?


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Why Study Geology?Because geology is all around us.

• 1. Geological Resources• 2. “The Environment”• 3. Geological Hazards

(Changes posing risks)• 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes• 6. Historical Geology

Environmental Geology

Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations


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Why Study Geology?1. Geological Resources

– The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent)

– Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy

– Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…

http://encarta.msn.com/


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The Cradle of CivilizationSprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/


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Misuse of Resources

These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program

2. The Environment


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Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

2. The Environment


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Overuse of Geologic Resources2. The Environment (Geology in the News)

• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming

• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)


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Geology in the News

• Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California

• Earthquake triggers mudslides

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

3. Geologic Hazards

San Andreas Fault

http://www.usgs.gov/


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Assessing Risk“Major Quake Likely to

Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032”

• Assessing Risks• Avoiding Risks• Preventing

Damage• Predicting Impact

3. Geologic Hazards

http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/

http://www.usgs.gov/


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EarthquakeBam, Iran

• A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03– 30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees

• US sends aid and releases sanctions

• Relations improved

Photos from AP


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3. Geological HazardsVolcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes


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4. Geology in EngineeringSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope


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Geology in Engineering

The Leaning Tower Straightens UpIn Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing

Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures


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5. Landforms and Surface Processes

• Glaciers• Mass Wasting

• Streams

• Shorelines

• Deserts

• Groundwaterhttp://www.berann.com

H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987


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Sub DisciplinesAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Environmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we influence

the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us

• Engineering Geology – Geologic Materials– Foundations– Geotechnical engineering


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Sub Disciplines (cont.)

• Geological Resources– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality – Extracting and – Understanding environmental effects of

extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources

• Historical Geology– Deciphering Earth History and – Evolution of life


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Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?• …• …• …• …


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I WONDER• There are many diversifications in the

world, but they have been being maintained in a single magnificent system and under dynamic equilibrium.

Bambang Prastistho