Mobile Broadband Network Mobile Broadband Network InterworkingInterworking and and ConvergenceConvergenceNovember 26, 2009
Jai-Jin Lim, Principal Engineer
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TalksTalks
Introduction to the 4G Mobile Broadband Network– WiMAX, LTE, and M-WiMAX Evolution
Outlook on the Interworking and Convergence
WiMAX and 3GPP/LTE Networks: Commonalities and Differences
Case Studies: Integrated Interworking Architecture– Dual Radio based WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking– Dual Radio based WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking– Single Radio based WiMAX Interworking
Future Network Evolution and Convergence
2
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Part I. 4G Mobile Broadband Network
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4G: The Next Wireless Broadband4G: The Next Wireless Broadband
Nominal data rate of 100Mbps at high speeds, 1Gbps at fixed position (ITU-R)
4
High speedWLAN
5 GHzWLAN2.4 GHz
WLAN PAN
3G(IMT2000)
2G(Digital)
200 Mbps
~14.4 kbps50 Mbps
144 kbps 384 kbps1Gbps
Fast
Slow
LTE /LTE-Adv.
Mobile WiMAX /WiMAX-Evolution
*M-WiMAX Evolution (16m) Proposal as the IMT-Advanced was submitted (Oct. 2009)
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Ubiquitous Broadband @ anywhere & anydevice
5
4G: Vision4G: Vision
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M-WiMAX and LTE
4G: Access Network Characteristics4G: Access Network Characteristics
6
OFDMA
MIMO
Flat IP Network
Advanced broadband air interface technology for
high spectral efficiency
Multiple antenna technology for enhancing
reliability and throughput
Simple flat IP access network architecture for
efficient deployment and operations
* LTE: SC-FDMA (Uplink), OFDMA (Downlink)
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Up to 3 years ahead comparing to LTE, both in standardization and commercialization
MM--WiMAXWiMAX: Time: Time--ToTo--Market AdvantageMarket Advantage
7
Telisonera
LTE 1st Commercial
802.16e Complete '05.December
802.16m Standardization Plan
'10.July
Rel.9 Plan'10.March
Rel.10 Plan'11.June
Rel.8 Complete'09.March
KT/SKTJune 2006
16e 1st Commercial
’10 4Q
16m Trial Demo
?
LTE-Advanced
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MM--WiMAXWiMAX: Performance : Performance AdavantageAdavantage
Better spectral efficiency than existing cellular technologies
8
Download Speed Upload Speed
37Mbps37Mbps 10Mbps10Mbps
14.4Mbps14.4Mbps 5.7Mbps5.7Mbps
3.1Mbps3.1Mbps 1.8Mbps1.8Mbps
* Ideal PHY layer peak throughput
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16m: The Next M16m: The Next M--WiMAXWiMAX EvolutionEvolution
Wider bandwidth and more advanced MIMO technology enhances peak performance by 4+ times.
9
Download Speed Upload Speed
95Mbps95Mbps 29Mbps29MbpsWith DL 4x4, UL 2Tx / 64QAM
37Mbps37Mbps 10Mbps10MbpsWith DL 2x2, UL 1Tx / 16QAM
170Mbps170Mbps 55Mbps55MbpsWith DL 4x4, UL 2Tx / 64QAM
* Ideal PHY layer peak throughput
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MM--WiMAXWiMAX: 16e vs. 16m: 16e vs. 16m
10
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Part II. Outlook on Interworking and Convergence
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Via Common Packet Gateways & Service Edges
InterworkingInterworking & Convergence (1/2)& Convergence (1/2)
12
UsersDevices
GGSN
IP/MPLS CorePacketGateways
ServicesEdge
ExternalServices
Enterprise
PSTN /SMS
IMS
Internt
Radio Access and Backhaul
ASN GW
SGSNBSCRNC
GSM/GPRSWCDMAHSPA
WiMAX16e/16m
LTE
BS
eNBS/P-GW
SCE
HA/P-GW
CSG
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Key Questions– How to maximize the seamless user experience across the heterogeneous
networks– How to build the access-agnostic service control, and customer care platforms
InterworkingInterworking & Convergence (2/2)& Convergence (2/2)
13
Item Requirements Key TechnologiesVoice call continuity
Transfer of CS voice call over the PS • IMS based• CSFB (CS Fall-Back) based• GAN (Generic Access Network) based
Session continuity Same IP address during Inter-tech HO • MIP based Inter-tech HO
Service continuity
Seamless mobility Minimim session break during Inter-tech HO
• L2 optimized HO• L3 MIH (Media Independent Handover)
Authentication Subscriber credentials management • Single credential• Access- or service-specific credential
Common QoS/Policy Access-agnostic QoS/Policy control • IMS based
Common Security and Access Policy
Access control Resource restriction
Common Customer-care& Billing
Common subscriber management and billing architecture
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Part III. WiMAX and 3GPP/LTE Networks Commonalities and Differences
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WiMAXWiMAX Mobile Network ArchitectureMobile Network Architecture
I/F Defined I/F Spec.
Air MS ~ BS NWG R1 (IEEE 802.16e)
ASN-GW ~ AAA
NWG R3/PCC-R3-OFC(RADIUS/Diameter)
ASN-GW ~ PPS (OCS)
NWG R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP Gy ext.)
ASN-GW ~ PDF/PCRF
NWG R3/PCC-R3-P(3GPP Gx ext.)
Core
ASN-GW ~ HA NWG R3/RFC 3344
Peer ASN-GW ~ ASN-GW
NWG R4
RAN ASN-GW ~ BS NWG R6
15
PPS (Pre-Paid Server) / OCS (Online Charging Server)
R1
MSMSR1
R6
ASN-GW
BS BS BS BS
ASN
R1
PDF/PCRFAAA
R4
PPS(OCS)
PDNPDN
HA
ASN-GW
R3
PCC-R3-PPCC-R3-OCPCC-R3-OFC
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3GPP 2G/3G Network Architecture3GPP 2G/3G Network Architecture
16
OFCS (Offline Charging Server) / OCS (Online Charging Server)
Um
MSMSUu
SGSN
Gb
Abis
GGSN
BTS BTS
BSC
BTS BTS
BSC
Iu
NodeB NodeB
RNC
NodeB NodeB
RNCIur
Iub
Gn
2G 3G
Gr
Uu
PCRFHSS/HLR
Gc GxGi
OFCS OCS
Gy
PDNPDN
GzI/F Defined I/F Spec.
Air MS ~ BTS/NodeB
3GPP Um (BTS)3GPP Uu (NodeB)
S/GGSN ~ HSS/HLR
3GPP Gr (SGSN)3GPP Gc (GGSN)
GGSN ~ OCS 3GPP Gy
GGSN ~ PCRF 3GPP Gx
Core
S/GGSN ~ OFCS
3GPP Gz
Peer GGSN ~ SGSN 3GPP Gn
RAN SGSN ~ BSC/RNC
3GPP Gb (BSC)3GPP Iu (RNC)
•Note 1: Optionally, GGSN may, on a per APN basis, use AAA. See 3GPP TS 29.061•Note 2: GGSN – Flow Based Charging (online, offline)
IP session Based Charing (online, offline)SGSN – IP session Based Charging (offline)
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Comparison: Comparison: Commonalties and DifferencesCommonalties and Differences
Commonality (or Similarity) : Function
17
Function WiMAX 3GPP 2G/3G
Authentication & Authorization AAA HLR/HSS+SGSN, AAA*
Charging Data Collection AAA (offline), PPS/OCS (online) OFCS (offline), OCS (online)
Policy/QoS Control PDF/PCRF PCRF
Mobility Management (Idle-mode, Paging)
Session Management
Packet Classification
IP Packet Forwarding & Routing
Usage Metering & Flow Based Charging
ASN-GW GGSN + SGSN
Differences: InterfaceInterface WiMAX 3GPP 2G/3G
Authentication I/F NWG R3 (RADIUS/Diameter) Pre Rel. 8 Gr/Gc (MAP)
Charging Server I/F OFCS: R3/PCC-R3-OFC (NWG R3 RADIUS/Diameter)OCS: R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP R7 Gy ext.)
OFCS: Pre Rel. 8 Gz (GTP’)OCS : Pre Rel. 8 Gy (Diameter)
PCRF I/F R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP R7 Gx ext.) Pre Rel. 8 Gx (Diameter)
RAN I/F NWG R6 Iu/Gb
Peer I/F NWG R4 Gn (GTP)
* Note: Optionally, GGSN may, on a per APN basis, use AAA. See 3GPP TS 29.061
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3GPP EPS Network Architecture3GPP EPS Network Architecture
18
Uu
MSMSUu
EPS
Uu
PCRFHSS OCS
PDNPDN
Gx
P-GW
eNB
MME
eNB eNB
S-GW
S6a
S5/S8
S1-U
OFCS
S1-MME
I/F Defined I/F Spec.
Air MS ~ eNB 3GPP Uu
MME ~ HSSP-GW ~ AAA
3GPP S6a (MME ~ HSS)3GPP S6b (P-GW ~ AAA)
P-GW ~ OCS 3GPP Gy
P-GW ~ PCRFS-GW ~ PCRF
3GPP Gx3GPP Gxc
Core
S/P-GW~ OFCS
3GPP Gz
Peer P-GW ~ S-GWS-GW ~ MME
3GPP S5/S83GPP S11
RAN S-GW/MME ~ eNB
3GPP S1-U (S-GW)3GPP S1-MME (MME)
Gy
S11
AAA
S6b Gz
Gxc
•Note 1: AAA is used for Non-3GPP access. See 3GPP TS 23.402•Note 2: Gxc is used only for PMIP-based S5/S8 (QoS provisioning)•Note 3: P-GW – Flow Based Charging (online, offline)
IP session Based Charing (online, offline)S-GW – IP session Based Charging (offline)
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Comparison: Comparison: Commonalties and DifferencesCommonalties and Differences
Commonality (or Similarity) : Function
19
Function WiMAX 3GPP EPCAuthentication & Authorization AAA HSS+MME, AAA*
Charging Data Collection AAA (offline), PPS/OCS (online) OFCS (offline), OCS (online)
Policy/QoS Control PDF/PCRF PCRF
Mobility Management (Idle-mode, Paging)
Session Management
Packet Classification
IP Packet Forwarding & Routing
Usage Metering & Flow Based Charging
ASN-GW MME + S-GW + P-GW
Differences: InterfaceInterface WiMAX 3GPP EPC
Authentication I/F NWG R3 (RADIUS/Diameter) Rel. 8 Gr/Gc (MAP)
Charging Server I/F OFCS: R3/PCC-R3-OFC (NWG R3 RADIUS/Diameter)OCS: R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP R7 Gy ext.)
OFCS: Rel. 8 Gz (GTP’)OCS : Rel. 8 Gy (Diameter)
PCRF I/F R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP R7 Gx ext.) Rel. 8 Gx (Diameter)
RAN I/F NWG R6 S1
Peer I/F NWG R4 S5/S8 (GTP,PMIP), S11(GTP-C)
* Note: Optionally, AAA is used for Non-3GPP access. See 3GPP TS 23.402
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Part IV. Caes Studies:Overall Interworking Architecture
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Key Elements in Interworking Key Elements in Interworking
21
Common Common CoreCore
AAA / HSS / HLROFCS / OCS
IMS PCRF
AuthenticationAuthenticationDual credentialsDual credentials
vs. vs. Single credentialSingle credential
Data Path Data Path AnchorAnchor
HA vs.
P-GW
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Common CoreCommon Core
Elements– Authentication, Offline/Online Charging, QOS/Policy Control
22
HLR/HSS3GPP Wx (HSS)3GPP Gr’ (HLR)ASN-GW
OFCS(Offline
Charging Server)
OCS(Online
Charging Server)
3GPP Gz
R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP Gy ext.)
PCRF(Policy and Charging
Rules Function)
WiMAX AAA
R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP Gx ext.)
GGSN / P-GW3GPP Gc
3GPP Gz
3GPP Gy
3GPP Gx PDF
R3/PCC-R3-OFC (WiMAX)
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Authentication– Dual credentials or single credential is possible
AuthenticationAuthentication
23
•Separate authentication•No interaction between AAA ~ HLR/HSS
HLR/HSS
WiMAX AAA
2G/3G/EPS Auth
WiMAX EAPEAP-AKA/SIM/TLS/TTLS
GSM/UMTS/EPS-AKA
HLR/HSS
WiMAX AAA
2G/3G/EPS Auth
WiMAX EAP Auth.vectorEAP-SIM/AKA
GSM/UMTS/EPS-AKA
•(U)SIM-based authentication•AAA gets auth. vector from HLR/HSS
Single credential: Dual credentials: 3GPP ( ) WiMAX ( )
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Data Path Anchor: HA
3GPP 2G/3G ~ WiMAX Interworking3GPP 2G/3G ~ WiMAX Interworking
24
Operator services 3rd party open access services
SGSNSGSN
GGSNGGSN2G/3G 2G/3G
PSPS
BSCBSC
BTSBTS
2G2GRNCRNC
NodeBNodeB
3G3G
IWK(FA)IWK(FA)
ASN-GWASN-GW
BSBS
3GPP 2G/3G3GPP 2G/3G MM--WiMAXWiMAX
HSS
AAAServer/ProxyOCS
OFCS MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
•Internet App. Store•Music / Video•UCC
•Presence Service•Location Based Service•Emergency Service
Subscription & Charging IMS
(P)MIP(P)MIP
PDNPDN
PMIPPMIP
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Data Path Anchor: HA
3GPP EPS ~ WiMAX Interworking3GPP EPS ~ WiMAX Interworking
25
Operator services 3rd party open access services
SGSNSGSN
BSCBSC
BTSBTS
2G2GRNCRNC
NodeBNodeB
3G3G
ASN-GWASN-GW
BSBS
3GPP EPS3GPP EPS MM--WiMAXWiMAX
HSS
AAAServer/ProxyOCS
OFCS MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
•Internet App. Store•Music / Video•UCC
•Presence Service•Location Based Service•Emergency Service
Subscription & Charging IMS
PMIPPMIP
PDNPDN
PMIPPMIPS-GWS-GW
MMEMME
eNBeNB
EPCEPC
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Data Path Anchor: P-GW
3GPP EPS ~ 3GPP EPS ~ WiMAXWiMAX InterworkingInterworking
26
Operator services 3rd party open access services
SGSNSGSN
BSCBSC
BTSBTS
2G2GRNCRNC
NodeBNodeB
3G3G
ASN-GWASN-GW
BSBS
3GPP EPS3GPP EPS MM--WiMAXWiMAX
HSS
AAAServer/ProxyOCS
OFCS MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
•Internet App. Store•Music / Video•UCC
•Presence Service•Location Based Service•Emergency Service
Subscription & Charging IMS
PMIP or PMIP or GTPGTP
PDNPDN
P-GWP-GW
PMIPPMIPS-GWS-GW
MMEMME
eNBeNB
EPCEPC
Part V. Interworking and Handover (Dual Radio)Case A: WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking [NWG Pre-R8 Interworking]Case B: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with HACase C: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with P-GW [3GPP TS 23.402]
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv4– Authentication: single credential at HLR/HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN
Case A: Case A: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (1/2)
28
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
CSN AAA
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
2G/3G RAN
GGSNSGSN
WiMAX
GSM/UMTSMS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
HSS
OCS
OFCS
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HA
Pre-R 8 IWK(FA/PMIP
Client)
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv4– Authentication: single credential at HLR/HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN
Case A: Case A: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (2/2)
29
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
CSN AAA
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
2G/3G RAN
GGSNSGSN
WiMAX
GSM/UMTS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
HSS
OCS
OFCS
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HA
Pre-R 8 IWK(FA/PMIP
Client)
MS
Data path (Previous)
HO to WiMAX
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Part V. Interworking and Handover (Dual Radio)Case A: WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking [NWG Pre-R8 Interworking]Case B: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with HACase C: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with P-GW [3GPP TS 23.402]
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN
Case B: Case B: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)
31
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
CSN AAA
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
E-UTRAN
S-GW
WiMAX
LTEMS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
HSS
OCS
OFCS
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HA
MME
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN
Case B: Case B: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)
32
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
CSN AAA
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
E-UTRAN
S-GW
WiMAX
LTEMS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
HSS
OCS
OFCS
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HA
MME
Data path (Previous)
HO to WiMAX
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Part V. Interworking and Handover (Dual Radio)Case A: WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking [NWG Pre-R8 Interworking]Case B: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with HACase C: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with P-GW [3GPP TS 23.402]
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: P-GW
34
Case C: Case C: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
E-UTRAN
P-GWS-GWEPC
WiMAX
LTEMS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
MME
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HSS
OCS
OFCS
AAAServer
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Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: P-GW
Case C: Case C: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)
35
PSTN
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
MGC
MGWP/S/C-CSCF
SGW
PCRF
BS
E-UTRAN
P-GWS-GWEPC
WiMAX
LTEMS
PC
xDSL
Inter-WiMAX mobility
Inter-access-tech
mobility
IMS
Internet
MME
Data path (Current)
Auth path
HSS
OCS
OFCS
AAAServer
HO to WiMAX
Data path (Previous)
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Part VI. Interworking and Handover (Single Radio)Case A: WiMAX NWG SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function) via Active HOCase B: WiMAX NWG SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function) via Idle HO
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Single Radio HOSingle Radio HO
Dual Radio vs. Single Radio HOs– Dual Radio HO
A dual radio device simultaneously receives and transmits on both the radio modulesConnecting to the target network before break in the serving network
– Single Radio HOA dual radio device receives and transmits on only one radio at a timePreparing the target radio before break in the serving network via an IP-level tunnel
Single Radio HO– Authentication and HO preparation is done using the source network
37
MS/UE Serving Network Target NetworkEstablish tunnelPre-registrationAuthenticationHandover
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WiMAXWiMAX Single Radio ArchitectureSingle Radio Architecture
WiMAX SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function)– A logical function to support Single Radio Handovers from 3GPP/2 to WiMAX
Currently being discussed in NWG with a new reference point R9
38
WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN
MS
ASN GW
SFF
R9
Core Network (HA or P-GW)
R6
R4
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
BS
R6
BS
MSMS
R6
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Case A: Single Radio HO via Active HOCase A: Single Radio HO via Active HO
Active HO to the Target Network
39
WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN
MS
ASN GW
SFF
R9
Core Network (HA or P-GW)
R6
R4
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
BS
R6
BS
MSMS
R6
1) Pre-register over R9 to SFF before HO
2) HO over R6
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Idle HO to the Target Network
Case B: Single Radio HO via Idle HOCase B: Single Radio HO via Idle HO
40
WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN
MS
ASN GW
SFF
R9
Core Network (HA or P-GW)
R6
R4
WiMAX ASN
ASN GW
BS
R6
BS
MSMS
R6
1) Pre-register over R9 to SFF before HO
4) Idle exit (reentry)
2) Enter Idle mode3) Teardown tunnel
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Part VII. Wrap-up
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ConclusionConclusion
42
Integrated common core decopules the service from the access– Authentication servers, charging servers, policy servers– Service can be uniformly applied to 2G/3G, M-WiMAX, EPS
Easy interworking of M-WiMAX and 3GPP 2G/3G, EPS– 3GPP network leverages the integrated common core elements
Network evolution is possible with integrated core and common platform– Platform sharing makes also it easy to interwork M-WiMAX and evolving 3GPP
networksEPC and M-WiMAX packet service core have much funtionality in commonIndustry vendors offers both EPC and M-WiMAX system with a common H/W platform
Service convergence is possible with the access-agnostic service control– IMS-based vs. Non-IMS based
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