Opt
ical
Wire
less
Inte
grat
ion
-Con
verg
ence
in P
lace
-O
ptic
al W
irele
ss In
tegr
atio
n-C
onve
rgen
ce in
Pla
ce-
Milo
rad
Milo
rad
Cvi
jetic
Cvi
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Vic
e P
resi
dent
, Tec
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ogy
Stra
tegy
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e P
resi
dent
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hnol
ogy
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tegy
NE
C C
orpo
ratio
n of
Am
eric
aN
EC
Cor
pora
tion
of A
mer
ica
milo
rad.
cvije
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omm
ilora
d.cv
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@ne
cam
.com
2
Out
line
�A
cces
s Te
chno
logi
es a
nd F
MC
as
a N
etw
ork
Tren
d
�O
ptic
al/W
irele
ss C
onve
rged
Net
wor
ks�
All
Pac
ket C
onve
rgen
ce O
ver P
ON
�O
ptic
al/W
irele
ss E
dge
Con
verg
ence
�N
EC
Res
earc
h R
esul
ts a
nd T
estb
ed
�S
umm
ary
3
Toda
y�s
Acc
ess
Tech
nolo
gies
�W
irelin
e:
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DS
L/C
oppe
r �
Pow
er L
ine
Com
mun
icat
ion
�x-
PO
N�
Cab
le
�W
irele
ss:
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ellu
lar /
3G
�B
road
band
Wire
less
Acc
ess
(BW
A)
�Fr
ee S
pace
Opt
ics
�V
isib
le L
ight
Com
mun
icat
ion
�M
icro
wav
e an
d R
adio
Lin
k
4
OW
I Goa
l and
Adv
anta
ges
�G
oal:
�qu
ad-p
lay
�vo
ice,
vid
eo, I
nter
net a
nd w
irele
ss �
all d
eliv
ered
ove
r IP
�
oper
atio
nal e
ffici
enci
es a
nd e
ase
of u
se w
heth
er o
n a
fixed
, mob
ile, o
r a
hybr
id a
cces
s in
frast
ruct
ure
�Ad
vant
ages
: �
Impr
oved
net
wor
k pe
rform
ance
(con
sist
ent Q
oS, i
mpr
oved
spe
ctru
m
effic
ienc
y, im
prov
ed n
etw
ork
resi
lienc
e)�
Red
uced
sys
tem
and
net
wor
k m
anag
emen
t cos
t (ce
ntra
lized
man
agem
ent
and
conc
entra
tion
of fu
nctio
ns) r
educ
es th
e co
st
�Fl
exib
le n
etw
ork
topo
logy
(fle
xibl
e se
lect
ion
and
exte
nded
cov
erag
e by
em
ploy
ing
fiber
link
s)
5
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Inte
grat
ed N
etw
ork
�S
ervi
ce le
vel:
quad
rupl
e pl
ay s
ervi
ce w
ith fi
xed-
mob
ile
conv
erge
nce
�N
etw
ork
leve
l: to
pro
vide
a m
ulti-
serv
ice
plat
form
su
ppor
ting
the
serv
ice
leve
l fea
ture
s�
Het
erog
eneo
us a
nd fl
exib
le n
etw
ork
infra
stru
ctur
e (in
clud
ing
netw
ork
topo
logy
and
net
wor
k in
terfa
ces)
�S
yste
m a
nd n
etw
ork
leve
l opt
imiz
atio
n fo
r opt
ical
and
acc
ess
tech
nolo
gies
to im
prov
e th
e ne
twor
k pe
rform
ance
and
resi
lienc
e,
as w
ell a
s re
duci
ng n
etw
ork
Cap
Exan
d O
pEx
�To
pro
vide
a m
ulti-
serv
ice
plat
form
sup
porti
ng b
oth
unic
asta
nd
mul
ticas
t/bro
adca
st, w
ith a
var
iety
of Q
oS-s
ensi
tive
serv
ices
Mob
ility
, Ban
dwid
th, S
ecur
ity, L
ow P
ower
, Low
Cos
tM
obili
ty, B
andw
idth
, Sec
urity
, Low
Pow
er, L
ow C
ost
Util
ize
a dva
ntag
es fr
om b
oth
side
sdv
anta
ges
from
bot
h si
des:
O
ptic
al fo
r cap
acity
& W
irele
ss fo
r mob
ility
6
Fixe
d M
obile
Con
verg
ence
(FM
C) a
nd O
WI
�FM
C m
ainl
y fo
cuse
s on
ser
vice
laye
rs�
Opt
ical
-wire
less
net
wor
k in
frast
ruct
ure
is th
e ba
sic
to s
uppo
rt FM
C, y
etno
t man
y ef
forts
are
targ
eted
on
the
colla
bora
tion/
inte
grat
ion
of th
e he
tero
gene
ous
netw
orks
�C
urre
nt p
opul
ar o
ptic
al-w
irele
ss s
olut
ion:
trea
t opt
ical
and
wire
less
net
wor
ks
sepa
rate
ly�
No
of d
irect
inte
rface
from
wire
less
net
wor
k to
opt
ical
cor
e ne
twor
ks�
QoS
rely
on
wire
line
netw
orks
, or f
ixed
ban
dwid
th is
allo
cate
d �
no e
ffici
ent r
esou
rce
utili
zatio
n�
Sep
arat
e w
irelin
ean
d w
irele
ss n
etw
ork
man
agem
ent s
yste
m�
Lack
of c
olla
bora
tion
amon
g di
ffere
nt b
ase
stat
ions
Opt
ical
Cor
e N
etw
ork W
irelin
eac
cess
ne
twor
k
Wire
line
acce
ss
netw
ork
Core
Net
wor
k
Fixe
d A
cces
s Eq
uip.
InD
-CPE
CPE
-OD
UC
PE-ID
U
CPE
-OD
UC
PE-ID
U
BAC
KHAU
L
CPE
Eth
./T1/
E1 L
ink BS
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U
BS
BS
BS
Wire
line
&
wire
less
cu
stom
ers
Edge
Nod
e
Wire
less
BS
7
Opt
ical
Wire
less
Inte
grat
ion
Ove
rvie
wO
ptic
al W
irele
ss In
tegr
atio
n O
verv
iew
IP/M
PLS
core
op
tical
netw
ork
optic
al m
etro
ADM
ALIP
/MPL
S
ADM
ALIP
/MPL
S
ADM
ALIP
/MPL
S
ADM
ALIP
/MPL
S
optic
al m
etroλ
1, λ
2,�, λ
n
acce
ss/ed
geac
cess
/edge
WDM
PON
GPON
ONU
λ1, λ
2,�, λ
n
WDM
PON
GEPO
N
ONU
�Ac
cess
net
work
is a
bottl
enec
k for
�Qo
Saw
aren
ess f
or
apps
/serv
ices
�Re
liabi
lity o
f acc
ess
�Fl
exib
ility o
f acc
ess
�Ac
cess
net
work
s are
he
tero
gene
ous (
DSL,
Cab
le, F
TTX,
W
iFia
nd W
iMAX
)�
Each
acce
ss te
chno
logy
has
its
own
disa
dvan
tage
s�
No re
liabi
lity a
cros
s diff
eren
t ac
cess
tech
nolo
gies
�No
flex
ibilit
y acr
oss d
iffer
ent
tech
nolo
gies
�Li
mite
d co
nnec
tivity
to m
etro
(one
lo
gica
l link
)En
d-to
-End
QoS
=(C
ore
QoS
) + (A
cces
s Q
oS)
�Co
re/m
etro
opt
ical n
etwo
rks a
re o
ver-
prov
ision
ed�
Core
/met
ro n
etwo
rks h
ave g
uara
ntee
d Qo
S �Pr
actic
ally z
ero
loss
�Pr
actic
ally z
ero
jitte
r�
Prac
ticall
y zer
o qu
euein
gde
lay�
Only
phys
ical p
ropa
gatio
n de
lay�
Core
/met
ro n
etwo
rk ru
ns u
nder
co
mm
on IP
/Opt
ical s
tand
ard
�Co
re/m
etro
net
work
s�Qo
S is
cont
rolle
d by
com
mon
GMP
LSOp
tical
Metro
cust
omer
PON
PON
WiM
AX
WiM
AXW
iMAX
WiF
i
PON
WiF
iW
iMAX
3G/B
3G/4G
B3G/
4G
Hete
roge
neou
s acc
ess t
echn
olog
ies
Oth
ers
(AD
SL,C
able
)
8
Inte
grat
ion
Scen
ario
s fr
om th
e Ed
ge a
nd
Acc
ess
Internet
Cent
ral O
ffice
WiM
AX/O
NU
SME
Resid
entia
l
Feed
erDi
strib
utio
n
WLA
N
Loca
l Con
verg
ence
Poi
ntNe
twor
k Ac
cess
Poin
t
Featu
res
500
feet
802.
16eRe
mot
e Ter
min
alOp
tical/
Wire
less O
verla
y
WiM
AX/O
NU
In-h
ouse
por
tabi
lity
Less
inte
lligen
ce
High
est C
apex
Featu
res
Mob
ility s
uppo
rt
Cent
raliz
ed co
ntro
ller/
Mor
e in
tellig
ence
Mod
erat
e Ca
pex
Featu
res
Lim
ited
band
widt
h
Lim
ited
appl
icatio
nsW
irele
ss b
ackh
aul
Lowe
st Ca
pex
High
ban
dwid
th
1�5
mile
s12
mile
s
9
Opt
ical
/Wire
less
Edg
e C
onve
rgen
ce
3G 2G
WiM
AX
PON
E/O
ON
UPO
N
SDH
/W
DM
Met
roO
ptic
al N
W
Ethe
rnet
Cont
rol
SDH
/WD
MCo
ntro
l
RF
A/D
WD
ME/
ORF
A/D
E/O
RF
A/D
WD
MO
/E
O/E
O/E
OLT
OLT
OLT
Ethe
rnet
2G BSC
3G RNCWiMAXControl
PON
ON
U
�W
irele
ss IF
sig
nals
are
dig
itize
d an
d th
en tr
ansm
itted
usi
ng lo
w-c
ost d
igita
l op
tical
link
s (o
r RO
F).
�W
DM
is u
sed
for m
ultip
lexi
ng th
e IF
/Opt
ical
sig
nals
and
PO
N s
igna
ls.
�D
igita
l sig
nal p
roce
ssin
g an
d R
AN
man
agem
ent a
re c
entra
lized
in th
e ed
ge
node
.
Cellu
lar/
WiM
AXPr
oces
sing
Edge
Nod
e
10
Exam
ple
of Q
uadr
a Pl
ay P
latfo
rm fr
om th
e Ed
ge
WD
M-R
ing
VoD
Serv
er
IPTV
Ser
ver
Inte
rnet
NC&M
RO
ADM
Clie
nt In
terfa
ce/
Forw
ardi
ng P
roce
ssor
GbE
POS
OC-X
PON
�
Rou
ting
Engi
ne
Switc
h Fa
bric
WiMAX+PON
NC&M
RO
ADM
Clie
nt In
terfa
ce/
Forw
ardi
ng P
roce
ssor
GbE
POS
OC-X
PON
�
Rou
ting
Engi
ne
Switc
h Fa
bric
WiMAX+PON
Inte
grat
ed
Edge
Nod
e
OAD
M
OAD
M
Appl
icat
ions
Cor
eN
etw
orks
ON
U
VoIP
Phon
e
WiM
AX
BS
WiM
AX
CPE
+WiF
i
WiM
AX
CPE
To c
usto
mer
prem
ises
WiM
AX
OD
UW
iMA
XC
PE
WiM
AX
OD
UW
iMA
XC
PE
Acce
ss o
r Met
roSe
rvic
e D
eliv
ery
netw
ork
VoIP
Port
able
M
ultim
edia
C
lient
IPTV
VoD
Clie
nt
VoD
Clie
nt
STB
App
licat
ions
11
�Ag
greg
ated
sig
nal p
roce
ssin
g fo
r mul
tiple
wire
less
BSs
incr
ease
s ut
iliza
tion
of p
roce
ssin
g re
sour
ces.
�C
entra
lized
RAN
man
agem
ent c
reat
es o
ppor
tuni
ty fo
r:�
Bet
ter r
adio
reso
urce
util
izat
ion
�M
ore
inte
lligen
t han
d-of
f�
Con
cent
ratio
n of
func
tions
redu
ces
mai
nten
ance
cos
ts.
WiM
AX
MA
C
PHY
-IF
SON
ET/R
PR/
ATM
/�
Hig
her-
laye
rPr
oces
sing
/Sw
itchi
ng
Nod
e m
anag
emen
t WiM
AX
MA
C
PH
Y-IF
��
��
Agg
r-ed
Pro
c.
WD
M
WiM
AX
MA
C
PHY
-IF
SON
ET/R
PR/
ATM
/�
Hig
her-
laye
rPr
oces
sing
/Sw
itchi
ng
Nod
e m
anag
emen
t WiM
AX
MA
C
PH
Y-IF
��
��
Agg
r-ed
Pro
c.
WiM
AX
MA
CW
iMA
XM
AC
PHY
-IFPH
Y-IF
SON
ET/R
PR/
ATM
/�
Hig
her-
laye
rPr
oces
sing
/Sw
itchi
ng
Nod
e m
anag
emen
t WiM
AX
MA
CW
iMA
XM
AC
PH
Y-IF
PH
Y-IF
��
��
Agg
r-ed
Pro
c.
WD
M
Met
ro S
ON
ET
Net
wor
kW
iMA
XM
AC
WiM
AX
PH
Y
Eth
. MA
C
Eth
. PH
Y
WiM
AX
MA
C
WiM
AX
PH
Y
Eth
. MA
C
Eth
. PH
Y
Hig
her-
laye
rP
roce
ssin
g/Sw
itchi
ng
Nod
e m
anag
emen
tC
urre
nt:
Cen
tral
ized
:W
iMA
XP
HY
-RF
Met
ro S
ON
ET
Net
wor
k
Eth.
MA
C
Eth.
PH
Y
SON
ET/R
PR/
ATM
/ �Hig
her-
laye
rPr
oces
sing
/Sw
itchi
ng
Nod
e m
anag
emen
t
WD
M�
Adv
anta
ges
of th
e C
entr
aliz
atio
n at
the
Edge
12
Som
e R
esea
rch
Res
ults
*: P
erfo
rman
ce E
valu
atio
n
�Pa
cket
loss
diff
eren
tiatio
n�
Tran
smis
sion
bac
k-of
f red
uctio
n�
Thro
ughp
ut im
prov
emen
t
Serv
erIn
tern
etNC&M
ROAD
M
Clie
nt In
terfa
ce/
Forw
ardi
ng P
roce
ssor
GbEPOSOC-X
PON
�
Rout
ing
Engi
ne
Switc
h Fa
bric
WiMAX+PON
NC&M
ROAD
M
Clie
nt In
terfa
ce/
Forw
ardi
ng P
roce
ssor
GbEPOSOC-X
PON
�
Rout
ing
Engi
ne
Switc
h Fa
bric
WiMAX+PON
Inte
grat
ed E
dge
Nod
e
PO
N Wire
less
O
DU
CPE
Normalized Throughput
Wire
less
Lin
k Pa
cket
Los
s R
atio
(%)
*NEC
pap
er, O
FC 2
006
13
All
Pack
et C
onve
rgen
ce O
ver P
ON
�PO
N p
rovi
des
FTTH
acc
ess
and
also
acc
omm
odat
es w
irele
ss b
ase
stat
ions
.�
Lega
cy in
terfa
ces
(TD
M, A
TM) a
re c
arrie
d ov
er E
ther
net b
y us
ing
pseu
do
wire
tech
nolo
gy.
3G 2G
ATM
TDM
WiM
AX
PON
PWPW
ON
U
ON
U
ON
UEt
hern
et
ON
U
OLT
Ethe
rnet
OLT
OLT
2G BSC
PW
TDM
3G RNC
PWAT
M
WiMAXControl
PON
SDH
/W
DM
Met
roO
ptic
al N
W
Ethe
rnet
Cont
rol
SDH
/W
DM
Cont
rol
PON
ON
U
RFA/
D
RFA/
D
RFA/
DPr
oc.
Proc
.
Proc
.
Edge
Nod
e
14
Som
e A
pplic
atio
n A
spec
ts
Fixe
d an
d m
obile
ser
vice
s ar
e tra
nspa
rent
from
eac
h ot
her
Mob
ile s
ervi
ce q
ualit
y de
pend
s on
P
ON
traf
ficTr
ansp
aren
cy
Low
pro
cess
ing/
man
agem
ent c
ost;
Res
ourc
e sh
arin
g w
ithin
the
edge
nod
e;C
entra
lized
man
agem
ent;
Hig
h tra
nsm
issi
on c
ost;
Ded
icat
ed b
andw
idth
con
sum
ptio
n;U
se o
f WD
M
Hig
h pr
oces
sing
/man
agem
ent c
ost;
No
reso
urce
sha
ring;
Dis
tribu
ted
man
agem
ent;
Low
tran
smis
sion
cos
t;St
atis
tical
ly m
ultip
lexe
d ba
ndw
idth
co
nsum
ptio
n
Cos
t
Clo
ck d
istri
butio
n fro
m m
etro
ne
twor
ksTe
chno
logi
es o
ther
than
clo
ck
dist
ribut
ion,
e.g
. GPS
Tim
e sy
nchr
oniz
atio
n
Edg
e no
de s
oft-s
tate
sw
itchi
ngTh
roug
h th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ith
RN
CH
and-
off
Edg
e no
de s
ched
ulin
g on
lyC
oope
ratio
n be
twee
n P
ON
and
m
obile
net
wor
ksQ
oS
impl
emen
tatio
n
Tran
spar
ent P
ON
-mob
ile o
verla
y;
inte
grat
ed b
ase
stat
ions
Cas
cade
d P
ON
-mob
ile;
stan
dalo
ne b
ase
stat
ions
Net
wor
k ar
chite
ctur
e
Opt
ical
/wire
less
edg
e co
nver
genc
eA
ll-pa
cket
con
verg
ence
ove
r PO
NC
ompa
rison
15
Exam
ple:
NEC
Opt
ical
-Wire
less
Tes
tbed
16
Sum
mar
y�
Con
verg
ed N
etw
ork
will
be
in p
lace
with
adv
ance
d IP
ove
r opt
ical
and
w
irele
ss, o
fferin
g fle
xibl
e ba
ndw
idth
pip
es w
here
ver a
nd w
hene
ver n
eede
d
�C
ontr
ol p
lane
with
uni
fyin
g an
d dy
nam
ic p
hilo
soph
y w
ill a
ddre
ss m
any
of o
pera
ting
issu
es
�Q
oSan
d S
ecur
ity a
re p
art o
f the
net
wor
king
�O
ptic
al W
irele
ss In
tegr
atio
n is
a lo
gica
l way
tow
ards
Con
verg
ed N
GN
�R
equi
rem
ents
for b
road
band
acc
ess
netw
orks
in N
GN
(H
igh
capa
city
, low
cos
t, Q
oS, m
obili
ty, l
egac
y m
igra
tion,
etc
..)ar
e a
stro
ng a
dvoc
ate
for O
WI
�O
ptic
al/W
irele
ss C
onve
rged
Net
wor
ks c
puld
be h
andl
ed b
oth
from
the
edge
an
d ac
cess
�A
ll Pa
cket
Con
verg
ence
Ove
r PO
N a
s a
near
term
sol
utio
n�
Opt
ical
/Wire
less
Edg
e C
onve
rgen
ce a
s a
pote
ntia
l lon
g te
rm s
olut
ion
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