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Future Radar and SatelliteTechnology
Daniel C. Miller National Weather Service
Columbia, SC
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The Big Idea
New radar and satellite technologywill improve NWS operations!
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Outline Introduction
Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Benefits What is it? Applications When?
Part II. Next Generation Weather Satellite Benefits and New Features Applications When?
Conclusion
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Part I. Dual-PolarizationRadar Technology
Photo courtesy of NSSL
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Dual-Polarization Radar TechnologyKey Benefits
Better Determination of Precipitation Type
Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount
Better Detection of Hail
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What does Dual-Polarization Mean?
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What does Dual-Polarization Mean?
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How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful?
Image courtesy NSSL
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How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful?
Image courtesy NSSL
= Size(| + ) = Shape (| + ) = Variety
Dual-Polarization Radar tells us about the size,
shape, & variety of objects.
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Differential Reflectivity (Z DR)
P h
P v P v
P h ~ P vZDR ~ 0
P h >> P vZDR >> 0
ZDR ~ 10log (Ph/Pv) (dB)
P h
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ZDR Values for Hail ~ 0 P h ~ P v
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Differential Reflectivity (Z DR)Applications
Differential Reflectivity (Z DR )Reflectivity (Z H)
Image courtesy CIMMS-OU
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Differential Reflectivity (Z DR)Applications
Differential Reflectivity (Z DR )Reflectivity (Z H)
Hail !! Image courtesy CIMMS-OU
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Correlation Coefficient (CC) A statistical correlation that describes the similarities in
the backscatter characteristics of the horizontally andvertically polarized echoes.
It is a good indicator of regions where there is a mixtureof precipitation types, such as rain and snow.
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What precipitation is liquid,frozen, or mixed
2.4 o Reflectivity Product
Using CC to Differentiatebetween Rain & Snow
Frozen
Liquid
Melting
2.4 o Correlation Coefficient Product
Image courtesy NSSL
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Specific Differential Phase (KDP)
Measures the rate of change of horizontally andvertically-polarized phase shift with distance
Improves Precipitation Amount Estimates Detects where most liquid water content is Removes effect of hail contamination
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When will Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Arrive?
4 NWS beta test sites Fall 2010 Nationwide installation 2011-2012
Columbia, SC (CAE)
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Summary of Benefits with Dual-Polarization Radar Technology
Better Determination of Precipitation Type
Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount
Better Detection of Hail
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Part II. Next GenerationGeostationary Operational
Environmental Satellite (GOES-R)
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GOES-R New Capabilities
Higher Resolution Images
Data Received in More Frequent Time Intervals
A Large Suite of New Products
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Comparison of GOES-R Imager to current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 kmIR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 kmFull disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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Comparison of GOES-R Imager to current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 kmIR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 kmFull disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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Example of Visible Loop Using 1-Min Images
Courtesy Timothy J. Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Madison, WI
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Comparison of GOES-R Imager to current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 kmIR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 kmFull disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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GOES- R New Capabilities (Contd)
Provide Better Detection and Measurements of:
Cloud Structure Type, Height, Phase, & Temperature
Other Atmospheric Elements: Wind, Moisture, & Temperature Lightning
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Some Applications of New GOES-R Data:
Improved Convective Initiation Predictions
Identification of Severe Weather Precursors
Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates
Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing
Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models
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Some Applications of New GOES-R Data:
Improved Convective Initiation Predictions
Identification of Severe Weather Precursors
Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates
Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing
Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models
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How will GOES-R improve warninglead times?
Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
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Convective Initiation
Detections of Rapid Cloud Top Cooling can precede precipitation reaching the surface by 30-60 minutes
precedes first cloud-to-ground lightning strikes
Images Courtesy CIMSS-UW Madison
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How will GOES-R improve warninglead times?
Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
Overshooting tops Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severeweather/tornado on ground
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
Overshooting tops Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severeweather/tornado on ground
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
Overshooting tops Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severeweather/tornado on ground
Enhanced-V Signature
Usually related toSupercell/Severe Weather
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How will GOES-R improve warninglead times?
Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
Better Rainfall Estimates
Real-Time Lightning Monitoring (GLM)
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Geostationary Lightning Mapper
Real-Time detection of lightning across most of theWestern Hemisphere
Flash Rate and Trends
IC/CC as well as CG lightning
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When?
GOES-R Launchscheduled for Fall2015
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When?
GOES-R Launchscheduled for Fall2015
Operational withproducts available2016
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When?
GOES-R Launchscheduled for Fall2015
Operational withproducts available2016
f
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Summary of GOES-RNew Capabilities and Applications
Higher resolution images received in more frequenttime intervals
A large suite of new products and applications
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Conclusion
New radar and satellite technology willresult in improved forecast and warningoperations.
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Links
Dual-Polarization Radar NWS ROC http://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/ NSSL http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~schuur/radar.html
Next Generation Weather Satellite (GOES-R) http://www.goes-r.gov/
http://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~schuur/radar.htmlhttp://www.goes-r.gov/http://www.goes-r.gov/http://www.goes-r.gov/http://www.goes-r.gov/http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~schuur/radar.htmlhttp://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/7/29/2019 Miller_Future Radar and Satellite Technology
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Daniel C. MillerNational Weather Service2909 Aviation WayWest Columbia, SC 29170803.822.8133
Thank You!
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