CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS

MICROTEATCHING ByAna Carolina Martins

Francini Mello Bento de Senne Marega

• WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS?

• WHAT DO YOU DO ON CHRISTMAS?

• DO YOU LIKE TO CELEBRATE AT HOME WITH YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS?

• DO YOU LIKE TO TRAVEL ONCHRISTMAS?

CHRISTMAS AND HIS TRADITIONS

• THE WORD CHRISTMAS COMES FROM THE UNION OF TWO WORDS, “CHRIST + MASS” MEANING MASS OF CHRIST

• IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT DATE IN THE CHRISTIAN CALENDAR. IT CELEBRATES THE BIRTH OF CHRIST ON 25 DECEMBER.

• WHEN WE TALK ABOUT CHRISTMAS, THERE ARE SEVERAL STORIES THAT ARE PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION.

THE MAJOR SYMBOLS OF CHRISTMAS ARE SANTA CLAUS THE ORIGIN OF SANTA CLAUS COMES FROM THE

CATOLIC CHURCH (III AND IV CENTURIES), WHERE BEGINS THE HISTORY OF NICOLA, ALSO KNOWN AS SANTA CLAUS, A NAME DERIVED FROM SANTUS NICOLAUS, BORN IN LYCIA CITIE. HE WAS A BISHOP OF MIRA. NOW KNOW AS MODERN TURKEY. GENEROUS WITH THE POOR. HE PROTECTED THE CHILDRENS WITH FULL DEDICATION. THE LEGENDS AND STORIES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS NAME ARE MANY, WHO RELATES ALL HIS KINDNESS AND PROTECTION TO THE UNPROTECTED

• ACTUALLY THE IMAGE OF SANTA CLAUS IS A KIND OLD FAT MAN, WITH A RED CAP IN HIS HEAD AND RED SUIT WITH WHITE PROPS AND USING BLACK BELT AND BOOTS, ALWAIS SMILING.

• THIS IMAGE BECAME POPULAR IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA IN THE 19 CENTURY, DUE TO SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE THE CARTOONIST THOMAS NAST AND WAS SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD ON MUSICS, RADIOS, TELEVISIONS AND FILMS.

SANTA CLAUS IS ALSO CALLED FROM DIFERENT NAMES IN DIFFERENT CONTRIES

• BRAZIL- PAPAI NOEL

• USA - SANTA CLAUS, KRIS KRINGLE, ST. NICHOLAS OR SAINT NICK

• ENGLAND - FATHER CHRISTMAS.

• FRANCE - PERÉ NOEL

• ITALY - BABBO NATALE

• PORTUGAL - PAI NATAL

• SPAIN - PAPÁ NOEL

NATIVITY SCENE

CATHOLIC TRADITION SAYS THAT HE APPEARED IN THE NATIVITY SCENE 13 CENTURIES WHEN SAN FRANCISCO CELEBRATES CHRISTMAS AS REAL AS POSSIBLE AND, WITH THE PERMISSION OF PAPA, CREATING A NATIVITY SCENE OF STRAW, TO CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS MASS IN 1223

CHRISTMAS TREE AND ORNAMENTS

THE TRADITION BEGAN IN 1530, IN GERMANY WITH MARTIN LUTHER. ONE NIGHT, WHILE BUSH WAS WALKING, LUTHER WAS IMPRESSED WITH THE BEAUTY OF SNOW COVERED PINES. THE STARS ON HEAVEN HELP MAKE THE IMAGE TO PLAY WITH LUTHER TREE BRANCHES IN HIS HOME. BEYOND THE STARS, COTTON AND OTHER ORNAMENTS, CANDLES ALSO USED TO SHOW TO HIS FAMILY A BEAUTIFUL SCENE THAT WAS PRESENT IN THE FOREST.

• MIDNIGHT MASS IN THE MASS ON CHRISTMAS EVE, HIS NAME IS DERIVED FROM

A FABLE THAT WAS THE cock THE FIRST TO WITNESS THE BIRTH OF JESUS, AND TO ANNOUNCE TO THE WORLD. UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY IT WAS THE COSTUME ON THE MIDNIGHT MASS WAS TO ANNOUNCE IN THE TEMPLE OF THE ONE THE SOUND OF A cock, REAL OR SIMULATED. THIS MASS APPEARED IN THE AND 5TH CENTURY, FROM THE MIDDLE AGES, AND WAS TRANSFORMED INTO A JUBILEE CELEBRATION OUT OF CHARACTER WITH SOLEMN KNOW THAT TODAY

• BELLSIT IS BELIEVED THAT THE SOUNDS OF BELLS RINGING THROW AWAY ANY SORT OF BAD LUCK AND ATTRACT GOOD LUCK AND JOY.

• GUIRLANDA REPRESENT THE PRESENCE OF THE CHILD JESUS IN THE HOUSE. IS USUALLY PLACED IN THE DOORWAY OF HOMES, IN ORDER TO BE VISIBLE, SHOWING THAT THE HOUSE IS PROTECTED.

SONGS OF CHRISTMAS

ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR MUSIC OF THE NIGHT OF CHRISTMAS, IS CALLED "SILENT NIGHT“. IT WAS MADE BY FATHER JOSEPH FRANZ MOHR AND THE PROFESSOR FRANZ XAVIER GRUEBER. THE LETTER CAME FROM THE FATHER IN A STARRY NIGHT. HE WONDERED HOW IT HAD BEEN THE NIGHT IN BETHLEHEM, WHEN JESUS WAS BORN. HE WROTE A LETTER IN THE FORM OF A POEM, AND OFFERED IT TO THE MELODY COMPOSER GRUEBER. THIS SONG WAS USED IN THE MIDNIGHT MASS, OF 1818. TODAY, "SILENT NIGHT” IS SINGING IN NUMEROUS LANGUAGES.

STAR GUIDE THE LODESTAR IS THE STAR WHO

HELPED THE MAGES FIND THE MANGER WHERE JESUS WAS BORN. SHE GUIDED THEM WITH HER LIGHT, SO THE NAME BRINGS THE WORD "GUIDE

STARS THEY SYMBOLIZE THE PERMANENT

LIGHT. THEY ARE USED IN ORNAMENTS. EACH COLOR HAS ITS OWN MEANING:

-THE GOLD COLOR IS LINKED TO THE SUN, ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPIRIT OF EVOLUTION

-THE GREEN REPRESENTS THE RENEWAL OF POWER

-THE RED HAS TO DO WITH FIRE AND WITH THE DIVINE LOVE.

-THE JEWS, REPRESENT THE GUARDIAN ANGELS.

-STARS WITH SIX POINTS SIMBOLIZE THE PEACE SYMBOL.

GREEN LEAVES

IN WINTER THE REMAINING GREEN LEAFS, SIMBOLIZE THE SCOURGE OF CHRIST, IVY PLANTS WERE CONSIDERED MAGICAL BY THE DRUIDS, BRITAINS AND PRIESTS OF THE ANCIENT GAULS

GIFTS IN THE 14TH CENTURY, ON DECEMBER 5, THE

CHILDRENS CELEBRATED THE ST. NICHOLAS DAY BY PUTTING THEIR SHOES IN THE WINDOWS OF THEYR HOUSES TO WAIT FOR THE GIFTS.

CANDLES MANY PEOPLE USE FIRE TO EXORCISE THE EVIL SPIRITS AND DEMONS.

REINDEERRUDOLPH IS THE NAME OF THE MOST FAMOUS REINDEER OF SANTA'S SLEIGH. IN BRAZIL, THERE ARE REINDEERS, ONLY IN THE ZOO. THEY CANNOT LIVE IN A HOT WEATHER. THEY LIKE COLD TEMPERATURES. SO LIVING IN REGIONS SUCH AS SCANDINAVIA, GREENLAND AND SIBERIA, WHERE THE THERMOMETERS, IN WINTER, OFTEN REACH DOWN TO 50 DEGREES BELOW ZERO.

The African Baltazar, was 30 years old, The Asian Gaspar,15 years old, The European Melchior (or Belchior), 40 years old.

They were the firsts to visit the baby Jesus, and offer gifts to him: -myrrh, resin extracted from the tree of the same name as a sign of his humanity ; -incense to represent the divinity of the Child Jesus: -gold in honor of his kingship. In Brazil, the first images of the Magi arrived from Portugal in 1752, for the Forte dos Reis Magos, in Rio Grande do Norte.

THREE KINGS

Bedas, an English historian (673-735) was the first to cite the names and describe the three Mages. Each one represents a race: white, yellow and black

• CHRISTMAS DINNER • IN THE TRADITTIONAL PART OF

THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT, ON CHRISTMAS THE PEOPLE LEFT THEIR DOORS OPENED FOR THE TRAVELERS AND PEOPLE THE DINNER COULD ATTEND TO. UNTIL NOW, CHRISTMAS DINNER IS TO SOCIALIZE WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY.

• IN BRAZIL, THE MOST TRADITIONAL DISH IS THE ROAST TURKEY.

PANETONE THE FILLED CAKE WITH NUTS AND RAISINS ARE A PART OF THE CHRISTMAS TRADITION ON ITALIA. HE WAS CREATED IN MILAN. . THERE ARE 3 VERSIONS. THE MORE ACCEPTED IS THAT THE PRODUCT WAS BORN IN THE 900 YEAR, AND THAT IT WAS INVENTED BY A BAKER NAMED TONE. THE CAKE WOULD BECOME KNOWN AS PANI-DI-TONE. IN BRAZIL, THE TRADITION FLOURISHED AFTER THE SECOND GREAT WAR BROUGHT BY ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS THAT WERE RUNNING FORM THE WAR THAT WAS DESTROYNG THEIR COUNTRY AND KILLING THEIR PEOPLE.

THAT’S IT

IT'S CHRISTMAS! PEACE, LOVE AND PARTY IN ALL THE WORLD.

SO MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL.

• HOW SAN FRANCISCO TO CREATED THE FIRST NATIVITY SCENE?

• DO YOU KNOW THE STORY THE CHRISTMAS PUDDING (PANETONE)?

• DO YOU KNOW IT WAS OF ITALIAN ORIGIN?

• DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MIDNIGHT MASS?

• WHAT DID YOU THINK ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THREE KINGS?

• HOW DO YOU DECORATE THEIR HOMES FOR CHRISTMAS?