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MICHIGANINFANTSANDTODDLERSWell-beingThehealthandwell-beingofeachinfantandtoddlerisprotectedandnurtured.

Goal1:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheirphysicalhealthispromoted.

a.Increasingawareness,understanding,andappreciationoftheirbodiesandhowtheyfunction.

• Bringshandstoface (15)• Bringshandstomidlinewhileonback

(15,106)• Playswithhandsandmayholdand

observeatoy (15)• Transfersobjectsfromonehandto

another (15,89)• Usessmallmusclesinhandstosquish

playdough (16,62,104)• Clapshandswithenjoyment (16,

100)• Controlssmallmusclesinhands,such

asusingaspoon (16,90,99,104)• Discovershandsandfeetare

extensionsofself (23,92,94,97,100,116,122,165)

• Usesonesoundtostandformorethanonegestureorobject 31

• Understandsmanymorewordsthanheorshecansay 31

• Washesfaceandhands (40)• Repeatssimplenurserychantsand

rhymes(23,118)• Washesfaceandhands (41)• Showsindependenceinwashinghands,

dressing,andselectingclothing (41)

Increasedcoordination(e.g.,eye-handmovements)

• Bringshandstoface (15)• Bringshandstomidlinewhileonback

(15,106)• Playswithhandsandmayholdand

observeatoy (15)• Transfersobjectsfromonehandto

another (15,89)• Usessmallmusclesinhandstosquish

playdough (16,62,104)• Clapshandswithenjoyment (16,

100)• Controlssmallmusclesinhands,such

asusingaspoon (16,90,99,104)• Discovershandsandfeetare

extensionsofself (23,92,94,97,100,116,122,165)

• Usesonesoundtostandformorethanonegestureorobject 31


• Washesfaceandhands (40)• Repeatssimplenurserychantsand

rhymes(23,118)• Washesfaceandhands (41)• Showsindependenceinwashinghands,


Emergingself-helpandself-careskillsforeating,drinking,toileting,resting,sleeping,washing,anddressing.

• Washesfaceandhands (41)• Showsindependenceinwashinghands,


• Washesfaceandhands (40)Positiveattitudestowardseating,sleeping,toileting,andactivemovement.

• Feedsself (16,91)

Goal2:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheirsocialandemotionalwell-beingisnurtured.

Emergingskillinself-regulation. • Showsincreasingabilitytocontrolownbehavior (35,41)

Anincreasingcapacitytopayattention,focus,concentrate,andbeinvolved.

• Babblesandlaughstogetadultattention (40,149,150,181)

• Payscloseattentiontoolderchildrenandtheiractions (40,164)

Agrowingcapacitytotolerateandenjoyamoderatedegreeofchange,surprises,uncertainty,andpotentiallypuzzlingevents.

• Demonstratesconfidence (104)• Candistinguishvoicetonesand

emotions (40,182)• Feelsanxietyonseparationfrom

familiaradults(separationanxiety) (37,40)

• Showsattachmenttosignificantadults (41)

• Participatesinnewandunfamiliaractivitieswiththehelpoftrustedadults (47,191)

Asenseofpersonalworthandtheworthofothers,andreassurancethatpersonalworthdoesnotdependontoday’sbehaviororability.

• Demonstratesconfidence (104)

Anincreasingabilitytoidentifytheirownemotionalresponsesandthoseofothers.

• Candistinguishvoicetonesandemotions (40,182)

• Identifiesandtalksaboutpersonal

feelings (41,151,184)• Identifiesandtalksaboutothers'

feelings (41,183)Confidenceandabilitytoexpressemotionalneedswithoutfear


• Identifiesandtalksaboutpersonalfeelings (41,151,184)

Trustthattheirsocial-emotionalneedswillberespondedto.

• Learnsthatcryingwillbringattentionfromcaregiver(22)

• Showssenseoftrust (40,66,168,173)

Atrustingrelationshipwithnurturingandresponsivecaregivers.

• Initiatesseparationfromcaregivers (41)

• Attachmenttofamiliarcaregiver 35

Theabilitytorespondandengageinreciprocalinteractions.

• Coosinresponsetoadults'speech (28,31,145,157)

• Gesturesorpointstocommunicate (31,146,150,153,159)

• Understandsandrespondstosimpledirections (31,158)

Emergingcapacitiesforcaringandcooperation.

• Playsgameswithadultsandolderchildren (40,134,165,169,173,178,182)

• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)• Playsnexttootherchildren,sharing

occasionally (41,91,167)• Showsrespectforotherpeopleand

possessionsoccasionally (41,167,179)

Goal3:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyarekeptsafefromharm.

Increasingawarenessofwhatcanharmthem. • Knowssomerulesbutcannotfollowthemconsistently (41)

Increasingconfidencethattheycanparticipateandtakeriskswithoutfearofharm.

• Looksfor"homebase"orsignificantadultduringdifficultsituations,forcomfortandapproval (41,191)



Comfortinexpressingtheirfearsopenlywithtrustthattheirfearswillbetakenseriously

• Expressesfeelingswithwords(31,151)


• Feelsanxietyonseparationfrom

familiaradults(separationanxiety) (37,40)

• Feelsanxietyinthepresenceofstrangers(strangeranxiety) 40

Abilitytorespondtocaregiverinstructionsrelatedtosafety

• Knowssomerulesbutcannotfollowthemconsistently (41)


• Understandsthemeaningof"no"butoftenresistsdirectionsandmustbephysicallyremoved (40)

• Followsmorecomplexdirectionsfromadults (128)

• Follows1-2stepdirectionsfromadults (24,128)

BelongingInfantsandtoddlersfeelasenseofbelonging.

Goal1:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyknowtheybelongandhaveaplace.

Anattachmenttotheirprimarycaregiversandprimarycaregroup.


• Showsattachment(respondspositively)tosignificantadults (36,40169,173)

• Feelsanxietyonseparationfromfamiliaradults(separationanxiety) (37,40)




Afeelingofbeingvaluedasanimportantindividualwhobelongswithinthegroupsetting.

• Payscloseattentiontoolderchildrenandtheiractions (40,164)

• Enjoysplayingnexttootherchildren(parallelplay)


• Playsnexttootherchildren,sharingoccasionally (41,91,167)

Anincreasingabilitytoplayanactivepartinthedaytodayactivitiesoftheprogram.

• Followsthroughonsometasks (47,195)

• Showsinterestinhelping (41)• Followsmorecomplexdirectionsfrom

adults (128)• Explorestheenvironmentactively,

regardlessofobstacles(47,189)• Exploresenvironment(22,40,44,53,

54,90,112,113,169,177,189)• Anticipatesevents (23,116)

Skillsincaringfortheenvironment(e.g.,cleaningup,wipingthetable,flushingthetoilet,helpingothers).

• Showsinterestinhelping (41)• Expressesfeelingswithwords(31,

151)• Showsindependenceinself-helpskills

(166)• Showsindependenceinself-care

(175)Confidenceinandanabilitytoexpresstheirideas.


• Expressesemotions(happiness,sadness,anger,andsurprise)throughgestures,sounds,orfacialexpressions (40,165)

Acomfortlevelintakingondifferentrolesintheirenvironment(e.g.,helpingothers,turningoffthewater,holdingthedoor).

• Showsinterestinhelping (41)• Explorestheenvironmentactively,

regardlessofobstacles(47,189)• Showsindependenceinself-helpskills


(175)Goal2:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyarecomfortablewithroutines,schedules,andactivities.

Anunderstandingoftheroutines,familycustoms,andregulareventsoftheprogram.

• Infantdailyschedule 54,57,68-71,198

• Anticipatesevents (23,116)Anunderstandingthattheseroutines,customs,andregulareventscandifferfromtheirhomesandfromothersettings.

• Infantdailyschedule 54,57,68-71,198

• Anticipatesevents (23,116Anunderstandingthattheyandotherscanbeapartofthegroup


• Enjoysplayingnexttootherchildren(parallelplay) 40

Capacitiestopredictroutinesandregulareventsthatmakeupthedayorthesession.

• Anticipatesevents (23,116)

Agrowingabilitytocopewithchange. • Showsincreasingabilitytocopewithstress (41)


Enjoymentofandinterestinamoderate • Looksfor"homebase"orsignificant

degreeofchange adultduringdifficultsituations,forcomfortandapproval (41,191)

• Showsincreasingabilitytocopewithstress (41)

Increasingmasteryofself-helpskillstoassistwithdailypersonalroutines.

• Showsindependenceinself-helpskills (166)

• Showsindependenceinself-care (175)

• Dressesself (16,124,175)• Showsindependenceinwashinghands,


• Feedsself (16,91)Anincreasingsenseofindependenceandcompetenceduringdailyroutinesandactivities.


• Findwaysresolveconflicts 50• Demonstratesconfidence (104)• Anticipatesevents (23,116)

Goal3:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyincreasinglyunderstandthenatureandboundariesofacceptablebehavior.

Anincreasingcapacitytosuccessfullycommunicatetheirfeelings,needs,andwants.


• Gesturesorpointstocommunicate 147


• Putsnounsandverbstogetherinsimplesentences("wantcookie.") (32,147,160)

Arecognitionthatthesettinghasreasonableboundariesandexpectationsforbehavior.


• Respondsto"no,no" (23)• Understandsthemeaningof"no"but

oftenresistsdirectionsandmustbephysicallyremoved (40)


Thebeginningofanunderstandingofthereasonsforboundariesandexpectations.




Knowssomerulesbutcannotfollowthemconsistently (41)

Expectationsthatthesettingispredictable, • Anticipatesevents (23,116)

fair,andconsistentlycaring.Anincreasingawarenessoftheimpactandconsequencesoftheiractions

• NaturalConsequences201

Anincreasingabilitytoself-regulatetheirbehavior.





Theabilitytoexpressdisagreementwithpeersandcaregiversindevelopmentallyappropriateways.

• Findwaysresolveconflicts 50• Expressesfeelingswithwords(31,

151)• Showsrespectforotherpeopleand


Goal4:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswherepositiveconnectionsamongtheirfamilies,theprogram,andthechildrenareaffirmed.

Anunderstandingofthelinksbetweentheearlychildhoodeducationandcaresettingandtheirhomesthroughpeople,images,objects,languages,sounds,smells,andtastes.


• Recallspastexperiences (24,29,135)

• Showscreativitybyusingobjectsinnewways (47,190)

Interestandpleasureindiscoveringnewenvironmentswherethepeople,images,objects,languages,sounds,smells,andtastesaresometimesdifferentfromthoseathome.

• Isinterestedintheoutsideworld (41,175,179)


• Showscuriositybyexploringwithsenses (47,188,194)

Theabilitytointeractwithanincreasingnumberofsignificantpeopleintheirlives,beyondtheirfamiliesandprimarycaregivers.



• Initiatesseparationfromcaregivers (41)

ExplorationInfantsandtoddlerslearnthroughactiveexplorationoftheenvironment.

Goal1:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheimportanceofspontaneousplayisrecognizedandplayisvaluedasmeaningfullearning.

Strategiesforexploringandsatisfyingtheircuriosity.

• Exploresenvironmentwithsenses (22,112)

• Exploremanipulativetoys,puzzles 58

• Exploresenvironment(22,40,44,53,54,90,112,113,169,177,189)

• Explorestheenvironmentactively,regardlessofobstacles(47,189)

Symbolic,pretend,anddramaticplay. • Pretendstoread (23,124)• Engagesinmorepretendplay (23,

124)• Usesimaginationindramaticplay

(47,191)• Showscreativitybyusingobjectsin

newways (47,190)Creativityandspontaneityintheirplay • Showscreativitybyusingobjectsin

newways (47,190)Theabilitytomakedecisionsandchoosetheirownmaterials.

• Engagesinmoreintentionalplay (23,117,123,127,133)

• Selectstoystoplaywith,intentionally (23,195)

Anemergingunderstandingthatnotknowingandbeinguncertainarepartoflearning.


Emergingexpressionsofintentionalityintheirplayandrelationships.




Goal2:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheygainconfidenceinandgreatercontroloftheirbodies.

Increasingcontrolovertheirbodies,includingincreasingabilitiesintheuseoflargeandsmallmuscles,balanceandcoordinationofeye-handmovements,andincreasingagility,coordination,andbalance.

• Bringshandstoface (15)• Playswithhandsandmayholdand

observeatoy (15)• Reachesforobjects (15,195)• Attemptstocrawl(stomachandleg

dragging) (12,15,89,94)• Graspssmallobjects (12,15,89,93,

103,107)• Transfersobjectsfromonehandto

another (15,89)• Getstosittingposition(15)• Crawlsupanddownstairs (13,16)• Walksupanddownstairswithhelp,

usuallyleadingwithsamefoot(16)

• Jumpsfromheightof12inches (13,16)

• Runswithlargegait (13,16,211)• Ridestricycle-mayalternatebetween

scootingandpeddling (16,91)Strategiesforactivelyexploringandmakingsenseoftheworldbyusingtheirbodies,includingactiveexplorationwithallthesenses,andtheuseoftools,materials,andequipmenttoextendskills.

• Prefersblack-and-whiteorhigh-contractpatterns (22,126,133)


• Investigatesobjectsbybanging,shaking,andthrowing(23,113)

Confidencewithmovinginspace,movingtorhythm,andplayingnearandwithothers.

• Showsprideinaccomplishments,especiallyphysical (38,41,171)

• Dance (100,171)• Showsinterestinplayinggames

(23,113,123)• Engagesinmoreintentionalplay

(23,117,123,127,133)Awarenessofgoodhygienepractices(e.g.,toothbrushing,handwashing,coveringmouth/nosewhencoughing).

• Istoilettrained 41• Showsindependenceinself-helpskills


(175)• Isinterestedinanatomy (41,171,

174)Goal3:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheylearnstrategiesforactiveexploration,thinking,andreasoning.

a.Theconfidencetoexploreandmakesenseoftheirworldthroughsimpleproblemsolving,recognizingpatterns,learningfromtrialanderror,askingquestions,listeningtoothers,simpleplanning,observing,andlisteningtostories.

• Practicescauseandeffect,suchasclosingdoors (21,23,113,118)

• Asksquestions(24)• Exploresenvironmentwithsenses

(22,112)• Exploremanipulativetoys,puzzles

58• Exploresenvironment(22,40,44,53,

54,90,112,113,169,177,189)• Explorestheenvironmentactively,

regardlessofobstacles(47,189)b.Anattitudeofthemselvesas“explorers”—competent,confidentlearnerswhoaskquestionsandmakediscoveries.



• Asksquestions(24)• Points,gestures,orasks"what'sthat"

whencuriousaboutsomething (47)

c.Theconfidencetochooseandexperiment • Exploresenvironmentwithsenses

withmaterials,toexploreactivelywithallthesenses,andtousewhattheylearntogeneralizetheirlearningtootherexperiences.

(22,112)• Exploremanipulativetoys,puzzles

58• Exploresenvironment(22,40,44,53,

54,90,112,113,169,177,189)• Explorestheenvironmentactively,

regardlessofobstacles(47,189)d.Theabilitytolearnnewthingsfromthematerialsandpeoplearoundthem.





Goal4:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheydevelopagrowingsenseofsocialrelationships,thenaturalenvironment,andthephysicalworld.

a.Theabilitytoquestion,explore,generate,andmodifytheirownideasabouttheworldaroundthem.





b.Familiaritywithavarietyofmaterials(e.g.,sand,water,ice,bubbles,blocks,paper).

• Putsoneblockontopofanother (16,90,93)


• Instruments 133• Showscreativitybyusingobjectsin

newways (47,190)• Usesobjecttohammerandpound

(16,104)• Throwsaball (13,16,105)

c.Spatialunderstandings,includinganawarenessofhowtwo-andthreedimensionalobjectscanbefittedtogetherandmovedinspace.

• Putsoneblockontopofanother (16,90,93)

• Exploremanipulativetoys,puzzles 58



d.Aknowledgeofthenaturalenvironmentintheoutdoorareaoftheprogramandthelocalneighborhood(e.g.,theneighborhoodpark,


grassyfield,awoodedarea).e.Socialrelationshipsandsocialconcepts(e.g.,friendship,authority,socialrulesandunderstandings).




• Showsrespectforotherpeopleandpossessionsoccasionally (41,167,179)

Goal5:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheirinterestsandinitiativeprovidedirectionforlearningopportunitiesandforthepracticeandmasteryofdevelopingskills.

a.Progressivelymorecomplexskills. • Showspersistencebyrepeatingactions,suchasbangingobjects (47,113)


• Tracksamovingtoyandretrievesitwhenpartiallyhidden (23,118)

b.Theabilitytopursueinterestsindependently.

• Intentionallylooksforandreachesforobjectsofinterest (47,195)


c.Theunderstandingthattheyhaveasignificantroleininitiatingexploration,play,andlearning.

• Takesinitiative,suchaslookingformissingtoy (47,192)



• Showsunderstandingthatobjectshavepurpose (23,127)

CommunicationInfantsandtoddlersuseavarietyofmeanstocommunicatetheirneedsandthoughts,andtounderstandandrespondtootherpeopleandideas.

Goal1:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheydevelopattitudesandskillstocommunicatesuccessfullywithothers.

a.Theabilitytoexpresstheirfeelingsandemotionsinarangeofappropriateways.



• Expressesemotions(happiness,sadness,anger,andsurprise)throughgestures,sounds,orfacialexpressions

(40,165)b.Confidencethattheirfirstlanguages[e.g.,whetherspokenEnglish,aspokenlanguageotherthanEnglish,orAmericanSignLanguage(ASL)]arevalued,supported,andunderstood.

• Understandsmorewordseveryday(receptivevocabulary)31

• Saysonewordormore (31,158)


• Hasvocabularyofthreetofiftywords 31

• Hasavocabularyoftwentytothreehundredwords (31,142,147,154)

• Usestwo-orthree-wordphrases (31)

• Usesintonationsinsounds (31)• Gesturesorpointstocommunicate

(31,146,150,153,159)• Usesunderstandablespeech (32,

159)c.Responsiveandreciprocalcommunicationskills(e.g.,turn-taking).

• Reactstohumanvoiceandhumanheartbeat (28,31,112,140,157)




d.Aplayfulinterestinrepetitivesoundsandwords,andaspectsoflanguage(e.g.,rhythm,rhyme,alliteration).

• Usesintonationsinsounds (31)• Repeatssimplenurserychantsand

rhymes(23,118)• Singspartsofsimplesongs (23)• Listenstosongs,stories,orrhymes

withinterest (31,141,157,158)e.Increasingskillwithandunderstandingofnon-verbalmessages,includingtheabilitytoattendtoandmakenon-verbalrequests.


• Usesgesturesandactionsintentionally (31,150,159)

• Expressesemotions(happiness,sadness,anger,andsurprise)throughgestures,sounds,orfacialexpressions (40,165)

• Gesturesorpointstocommunicate 147

f.Theinclinationandabilitytocommunicate,payattention,andrespondappropriatelytoothers.


• Respondsto"no,no" (23)• Hasavocabularyoftwentytothree

hundredwords (31,142,147,

154)• Followssimplecommandsfromadults

orolderchildren (23,114,134)• Experimentswithvocalizationsto

includelongermorevariedsounds (31)

• Usesintonationsinsounds (31)g.Increasingknowledgeandskillinsyntax,meaning,andvocabularyinatleastonelanguage.

• Understandsmorewordseveryday(receptivevocabulary)31

• Hasvocabularyofthreetofiftywords 31

• Hasavocabularyoftwentytothreehundredwords (31,142,147,154)

h.Languageskillsinreal,play,andproblem-solvingcontextsaswellasinmorestructuredlanguagecontexts(e.g.,throughbooks,fingerplays,singing,storytelling/re-enacting).

• Singspartsofsimplesongs (23)• Repeatssimplenurserychantsand

rhymes(23,118)

i.Communicationskillsforincreasinglycomplexpurposes(e.g.,expressingandaskingothersaboutintentions,expressingfeelingsandattitudes,negotiating,predicting,planning,reasoning,guessing,storytelling).

• Singspartsofsimplesongs (23)• Identifiesandtalksaboutpersonal

feelings (41,151,184)• Expressesemotions(happiness,

sadness,anger,andsurprise)throughgestures,sounds,orfacialexpressions (40,165)

• Asksquestions(24)Goal2:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyhaveopportunitiestocommunicatethroughtheuseofsymbols/pictures,signs,andstories.

a.Anunderstandingthatsymbols/picturescanbe“read”byothers,andthatthoughts,experiences,andideascanberepresentedthroughgestures,signs,words,pictures,print,numbers,sounds,shapes,models,facialexpression,andphotographs.

• Pretendstoread (23,124)• Recognizessomeshapes (23,

128)• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks

32

b.Familiaritywithsymbols/picturesandtheiruses(includingprint)byexploringandobservingtheminactivitiesthathavemeaningandpurposeandaredevelopmentallyappropriateforinfantsandtoddlers.

• Pretendstoread (23,124)• Recognizessomeshapes (23,

128)• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks

32c.Familiaritywithanappropriateselectionofthestoriesandliteraturevaluedbytheculturesintheircommunity

• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks 32

• Enjoysbooks,especiallyturningpages 23

• Turnspagesofbookoneatatime (16)

• Talksaboutpicturesinbooks (23)• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks

32• Holdandobserveabook 106

d.Familiaritywithnumbersandtheirusesbyexploringandobservingtheuseofnumbersinactivitiesthathavemeaningandpurposeforinfantsandtoddlers.

•

e.Aninterestinexploringandusingmathematical,reading,andwritingmaterials.

• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks 32

• Talksaboutpicturesinbooks (23)• Showsandinterestinprintandbooks

32• Movesfingersindividuallyanddraws

circle (16,108)• Scribbleswithcrayon (15,107)

f.Aninterestincreatingandusingsymbols/pictures.

• Scribbleswithcrayon (15,107)• Movesfingersindividuallyanddraws

circle (16,108)g.Anexpectationthatwords,books,numbers,andothersymbols/picturescanamuse,delight,comfort,illuminate,inform,andexcite.

• Talksaboutpicturesinbooks (23)• Namesobjectsorpeopleofinterest

(32,142)Goal3:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheydiscoveranddevelopdifferentwaystobecreativeandexpressiveabouttheirfeelingsandthoughts.

a.Familiaritywiththepropertiesandcharacteristicsofthematerialsusedinthecreativeandexpressivearts.

• Usesimaginationindramaticplay (47,191)

• Engagesinmorepretendplay (23,124)


• Scribbleswithcrayon (15,107)• Usessmallmusclesinhandstosquish

playdough (16,62,104)• Instruments 133

b.Skillandconfidencewiththeprocessesofart(e.g.,drawing,collage,painting,print-making,constructing).


playdough (16,62,104)c.Skillwithmediathatcanbeusedforexpressingamoodorafeelingorforrepresentinginformation(e.g.,crayons,pencils,paint,blocks,wood,musicalinstruments,movement).

• Prefersblack-and-whiteorhigh-contractpatterns (22,126,133)

• Music 104• Dance (100,171)• Instruments 133

d.Anabilitytobecreativeandexpressivethroughavarietyofactivities(e.g.,pretendplay,art,storytelling,music).

• Usesimaginationindramaticplay (47,191)

• Engagesinmorepretendplay (23,124)


e.Anawarenessthatmusic,art,drama,anddancecanbeexpressionsoffeeling,mood,situation,andculture.

• Listenstosongs,stories,orrhymeswithinterest (31,141,157,158)

• Showsinterestinmusic (59,68,214)

• Instruments 133• Music 165• Music 104• Dance (100,171)• Prefersblack-and-whiteorhigh-

contractpatterns (22,126,133)f.Confidencetosingsongs,includingsongsoftheirown,andtoexperimentwithchantsandpitchpatterns.


• Instruments 133• Music 165• Music 104• Dance (100,171)

g.Anincreasingabilitytokeepasteadybeat(e.g.,throughspeech,chants,dances,movementtosimplerhythmicpatterns).



h.Anexpectationthatmusic,art,drama,anddancecanamuse,delight,comfort,illuminate,inform,andexcite.




i.Familiaritywithavarietyoftypesofmusic,art,drama,anddanceasexpressionsoffeeling,mood,situation,occasion,andculture.



• Instruments 133• Music 165• Music 104• Dance (100,171)• Usesimaginationindramaticplay

(47,191)ContributionInfantsandtoddlershaveopportunitiesforlearningthatareequitable,promotesocialcompetency,andvalueeachchild’sandfamily’scontribution.

Goal1:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheopportunitiesforlearningareequitable,irrespectiveofgender,ability,age,homelanguage,ethnicity,or

background.a.Empathy,understanding,andawarenessofothers’feelings,andmakecomfortingandacceptinggesturestopeersandothersindistress.

• Identifiesandtalksaboutothers'feelings (41,183)



• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)• Playsnexttootherchildren,sharing

occasionally (41,91,167)b.Emergingconcernforotherchildrenwhomaybeexcludedfromactivitiesbecausetheyaredifferent.




• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)• Findwaysresolveconflicts 50• Toleranceofothers 84

c.Understandingofthepro-socialvalueofhonestyandtruthfulnesstotheextenttheirconstructionofandperceptionofrealitypermitsit.



• Honesty 84d.Theabilitytocarryoutorfollowthroughonsimpletasksthathelporbenefitthemselvesorothers.


• Followsthroughonsometasks (47,195)

• Focusesonsomeactivitiesofinterestforseveralminutesatatime (47,191)

e.Positiveandacceptingattitudestowardpeopleofavarietyofbackgrounds/characteristics(e.g.,race,physicalcharacteristics,culture,languagespokenorsigned,ethnicbackground).

• Showssenseoftrust (40,66,168,173)

• Smilesatstrangers (40)• Showsrespectforotherpeopleand


• Toleranceofothers 84f.Theabilitytorespondandengageindevelopmentallyappropriatereciprocalinteractions.

• Reactstohumanvoiceandhumanheartbeat (28,31,112,140,157)



g.Emergingskillsincaringandcooperation. • Expressesemotions(happiness,sadness,anger,andsurprise)through

gestures,sounds,orfacialexpressions (40,165)

• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)Goal2:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyareaffirmedasindividuals.

a.Asenseof“whotheyare,”theirplaceinthewiderworldofrelationships,andthewaysinwhichtheseareappreciated.

• Learnsthatcryingwillbringattentionfromcaregiver(22)

• Demonstratesconfidence (104)• Showsattachment(responds

positively)tosignificantadults (36,40169,173)

b.Arangeofabilitiesandinterests(e.g.,spatial,visual,linguistic,physical,musical,logicalormathematical,personal,social)whichbuildonthechildren’sstrengths.


playdough (16,62,104)• Crawlsupanddownstairs (13,16)• Clapshandswithenjoyment (16,

100)• Showsinterestinmusic (59,68,

214)• Usesobjecttohammerandpound

(16,104)• Ridestricycle-mayalternatebetween

scootingandpeddling (16,91)c.Asenseofbeingabletomakesomethinghappenthatmatterstothemandtoothers.

• Engagesinmoreintentionalplay (23,117,123,127,133)



• Calmsself (40)• Playsgameswithadultsandolder

children (40,134,165,169,173,178,182)

d.Agrowingsensethattheyarevaluedandthattheirpresenceandactivitiesgainpositiveresponsesfromothers.



e.Asenseofoptimism,thatlifeisexcitingandenjoyable,andtheyhaveapositiveplacewithinit.

• Anticipatesevents (23,116)• Recallspastexperiences (24,29,

135)• Playsgameswithadultsandolder

children (40,134,165,169,173,178,182)

f.Theabilitytolookforwardtoeventsthataffirmtheirgrowth(e.g.,gettingtaller,gettingnewshoes,afirsthaircut,lookingforwardto

• Anticipatesevents (23,116)• Feedsself (16,91)• Dressesself (16,124,175)

upcomingvisitorsandevents). • Recallspastexperiences (24,29,135)

• Showsinterestintoilettraining (16)

g.Anawarenessofthemselvesasuniqueindividuals


• Calmsself (40)• Tellsownage (24)• Knowsandsaysfirstname (24)

Goal3:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyareencouragedtointeractandlearnwithandalongsideothers.

a.Anincreasingabilitytotakeanother’spointofviewandtoempathizewithothers.



• Toleranceofothers 84• Playsnexttootherchildren,sharing

occasionally (41,91,167)• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)

b.Waystoenjoysolitaryplaywhentheychoosetobealone.


c.Anincreasingsenseofcompetenceandconfidenceingrowingabilities.


d.Acceptablewaystoasserttheirindependence.

• Showsindependenceinself-helpskills (166)


• Showsindependenceinwashinghands,dressing,andselectingclothing (41)

e.‘Friendshipskills,’wheretheycanplayharmoniouslywiththeirpeersthroughcooperationandparticipateinthegiveandtakeofideas.


• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)

f.Anincreasingabilitytosharebyshowinginterestinandawarenessofthefeelingsofothers.

• Sharestoysorpossessions (40)• Identifiesandtalksaboutothers'

feelings (41,183)• Toleranceofothers 84

Goal4:Infantsandtoddlersexperienceenvironmentswheretheyandtheirfamiliesareempoweredtomakecontributionswithintheprogramandasmembersoftheircommunities.

a.Agrowingsenseofthemselvesaspartofafamily.

• Focusedonlearningabouttheirfamily 141


b.Asenseofprideinthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

• Focusedonlearningabouttheirfamily 141

• Showsprideinaccomplishments,especiallyphysical (38,41,171)

c.Agrowingsenseofconnectionandconsistencyacrosstheirhomes,theprogramandtheircommunity.

• Smilesatthesoundoffamiliarvoices (40,181)

• Distinguishesvoicesofimportant,familiarpeople(40,174)

• Feelsanxietyonseparationfromfamiliaradults(separationanxiety) (37,40)

• Showssignsofstresswhenfamilymembersinitiateseparation 41



d.Apositivesenseabouttheirparticipationintheprogram,theirfamilies,andtheircommunity.



PREKINDERGARTENApproachestoLearning 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:Creativity-Imagination-Visualization.Childrendemonstrateagrowingabilitytouseoriginalityorvisionwhenapproachinglearning;useimagination,showabilitytovisualizeasolutionornewconcept.

1.Canbeplayfulwithpeersandadults • Playwithpeers 185• Playswithotherchildren (39,41,

167,172,176,180,184,212)• Engagesingroupplay (42)• Playswithpeers,sharingideasandtoys

(42,180,184)• Attachmenttofamiliarcaregiver

352.Makeconnectionswithsituationsorevents,peopleorstories.

• Hasincreasingmemory (24,129,217)

• Developingmemoryskills (129,217)

• Developfriendships 176• Tellsstorieswithoutprompting

(32,143)• Tellsstorieswithoutprompting

(32,143)• Interestinandusewordsthatarenew

orunfamiliarinconversationsandplay Addressedonpage66

• Retellsastoryinsequence (32,156)

3.Createnewimagesorexpressideas. • Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart (25)

• Expressesinterestincreativemovement 25

• Tellsstorieswithoutprompting (32,143)

4.Proposeorexplorepossibilitiestosuggestwhatanobjectorideamightbe‘otherwise.’

• Argues,reasons,anduses"because" (33)

• Purposefullyexploresnewthingsorideas (47,193,194)

5.Expandcurrentknowledgeontoanewsolution,newthinkingornewconcept.


• 6.Approachtasksandactivitieswithincreasedflexibility,imagination,inventiveness,andconfidence.


• Approachessituationswithincreasing

flexibility (47)• Inventsnewpurposesforobjects

(47,190)• Reflectsonpastexperiencesand

appliesinformationtonewsituations (48,190)

7.Growineagernesstolearnaboutanddiscussagrowingrangeoftopics,ideas,andtasks.

• Seeksandacceptshelpandinformation (48,188)

• Offersideasandsuggestions (48,196)

2.EarlyLearningExpectation:Initiative-Engagement-PersistenceAttentiveness.Childrendemonstratethequalityofshowinginterestinlearning;pursuelearningindependently.

1.Initiate‘sharedthinking’withpeersandadults.

• Asksquestionsandseeksanswers (32,151,156)

• Increasedcooperation(64,218)• Understandsothers'perspectives

(41,176)•

2.Growinabilitiestopersistinandcompleteavarietyoftasks,activities,projectsandexperiences.

• Worksattasksdespitedistractionsandinterruptions (48)

3.Demonstrateincreasingabilitytosetgoalsandtodevelopandfollowthroughonplans.

• Reflectsonpastexperiencesandappliesinformationtonewsituations (48,190)

4.Showgrowingcapacitytomaintainconcentrationinspiteofdistractionsandinterruptions.

• Worksattasksdespitedistractionsandinterruptions (48)

5.Explore,experimentandaskquestionsfreely.



3.EarlyLearningExpectation:Curiosity–Inquiry-QuestioningTinkering-RiskTaking.Childrendemonstrateaninterestandeagernessinseekinginformation(e.g.,beabletoseethingsfromadifferentperspective,fiddlingwithsomethingtofigureitoutorattemptingareasonablesolution).

1.Expressa‘senseofwonder.’ • Showinterestintheoutsideworld (179)

• Exploresmusicfromdifferentcultures 152

• Exploresmusicalinstruments 185• Withmodelingandsupportexplorea

varietyofdigitaltoolstoexpressideas addressedonpage220


2.Choosetotakeopportunitiestoexplore,investigateorquestioninanydomain.

• Showinterestintheoutsideworld (179)





3.Re-conceptualizeorre-design(blockstructures,shapes,artmaterials,digitalimages,simplegraphs).

• Copiesanddrawssimpleshapesandletters (14,16)

• Makesmarksorstrokeswithdrawingtools (17,91)

• Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart (25)

• Usedrawingsorothervisualstoadddetailstoverbaldescriptions Addressedonpage207

4.EarlyLearningExpectation:Resilience-Optimism-Confidence.Childrendemonstratethecapacitytocopewithchange,persist,moveaheadwithspirit,vitalityandagrowingbeliefinone’sabilitytorealizeagoal.

1.Managereasonablefrustration • Expressesfeelingsandemotionswithwords (39,41)

• Showsstrongemotions 422.Meetnewandvariedtaskswithenergy,creativityandinterest.


• Inventsnewpurposesforobjects (47,190)

3.Exploreandaskquestions. • Exploresmusicfromdifferentcultures 152




4.Begintoorganizeprojectsorplay;makeandcarryoutplans

• Engagesinfantasyplay,makingupplots (24)

• Usesrealobjectsaspropsduringpretendplay 24

• Developselaborateplaythemes (24,125)

• Engagesinpretendplay (42,

176)5.Usestoriesandliteraturetopretend,play,actortakeoncharacterstohelpestablishtheirsituationorreality.

• Singssongs,fingerplays,andrhymeswithincreasingaccuracy (32,148)


6.Begintosetasidefearoffailurewhenself-initiatingnewtasks.

• Showsindependence (39,41,44)• Expressesfeelingsandemotionswith

words (39,41)• Isself-directed(42)• Offersideasandsuggestions (48,

196)5.EarlyLearningExpectation:Reasoning-ProblemSolving-Reflection.Childrendemonstrateagrowingcapacitytomakemeaning,usingone’shabitsofmindtofindasolutionorfiguresomethingout.

1.Begintohypothesizeormakeinferences. • Reflectsonpastexperiencesandappliesinformationtonewsituations (48,190)

• Predict (22,156,190)2.Showanincreasingabilitytoaskquestionsappropriatetothecircumstance.


3.Showanincreasingabilitytopredictoutcomesbycheckingoutandevaluatingtheirpredictions.

• Predict (22,156,190)

4.Attemptavarietyofwaysofsolvingproblems.

• Predict (22,156,190)• decide 22• Asksquestionsandseeksanswers

(32,151,156)• Problemsolving (61,73,221)• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,

63)5.Demonstrateenjoymentinsolvingproblems. • Problemsolving (61,73,221)

• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,63)

6.Gatherinformationandlearnnewconceptsthroughexperimentationanddiscovery,makingconnectionstowhattheyalreadyknow.


• Problemsolving (61,73,221)• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,

63)7.Sharethroughwordsoractionstheacquisitionofincreasinglycomplexconcepts.

• Hasavocabularyof2,000to6,000words (25,152,155)

• Interestinandusewordsthatareneworunfamiliarinconversationsandplay Addressedonpage66

• Understandwhenwordsareusedin

unconventionalways Addressedonpage66

• Pronounceswordsandsoundscorrectly (32,144)

• Hasandexpandingvocabularyupto6,000words 33

8.Showanincreasingabilitytoobservedetailandattributesofobjects,activities,andprocesses.



6.EarlyLearningExpectation:Participation-Cooperation-PlayNetworking-Contribution.Demonstrateincreasingabilitytobetogetherwithothers,inplayorintellectuallearningopportunitiesand/ormakingpositiveeffortsforthegoodofall;joinacommunityoflearnersinpersonanddigitallyasappropriate.

1.Learnfromandthroughrelationshipsandinteractions

• Playswithpeers,sharingideasandtoys (42,180,184)

• SimilaritiesanddifferencebetweenpeopleAddressedonpage152,176,207

2.Showanincreasingabilitytoinitiateandsustainage-appropriateplayandinteractionswithpeersandadults.

• Converseseasilywithadults (33)• Playswithotherchildren (39,41,

167,172,176,180,184,212)• Understandsothers'perspectives

(41,176)• Takesturns (41,172)• Makesfriends (42,176)• Engagesingroupplay (42)• Issensitivetothefeelingsofothers

(42)3.Begintodevelopandpracticetheuseofproblem-solvingandconflictresolutionskills.

• Showsincreasingpatience (42)

4.Recognizerespectfullythesimilaritiesanddifferencesinpeople(gender,family,race,culture,language).

• Toleranceofothers 84• Understandsothers'perspectives

(41,176)• Developanawarenessand

appreciationoffamilyculturalstoriesandtraditions Addressedonpage152

5.Showanincreasingcapacitytoconsiderortakeintoaccountanother’sperspective.

• Issensitivetothefeelingsofothers (42)

• Developanawarenessandappreciationoffamilyculturalstoriesandtraditions Addressedonpage152

6.Canjoinacommunityoflearnersinpersonanddigitallyasappropriate;enjoymutualengagement.

• Understandsothers'perspectives (41,176)

• Increasedcooperation(64,218)7.Contributeindividualstrengths,imaginationorintereststoagroup.

• Engagesingroupplay (42)• Createsstories,imaginingand

describingthingsorsituationsthatdonotexist (48,196)

• Developfriendships 176• Makesfriends (42,176)

8.Successfullydevelopandkeepfriendships. • Developfriendships 176• Makesfriends (42,176)

9.Participatesuccessfullyasgroupmembers. • Engagesingroupplay (42)• Enjoyshelpingwithhouseholdtasks

41• Understandsothers'perspectives

(41,176)• Increasedcooperation(64,218)

10.Demonstrateanincreasingsenseofbelongingandawarenessoftheirrolesasmembersoffamilies,classroomsandcommunities.

• Enjoyshelpingwithhouseholdtasks 41


• Feelingsabouttheirfamily 60• Perceivehowafamilyworks 177

7.EarlyLearningExpectation:RespectforSelfandOthers—MentalandBehavioralHealth.Childrenexhibitagrowingregardforone’smindandcapacitytolearn;demonstratethecapacityofconsiderationforothers;showagrowingcapacitytoself-regulateanddemonstrateself-efficacy.

1.Showincreasingrespectfortherightsofothers.


2.Extendoffers(gestures,words)ofhelptopeersoradults,tohelpthemfeelthattheybelongtothegroup.


• Othersemotions 523.Copewithstressinareasonableandageappropriateway.Growintheircapacitytoavoidharmingthemselves,others,orthingsaroundthemwhenexpressingfeelings,needsandopinions.

• Useslanguagetosaywhathefeels,wants,andneeds (33)

• Expressesfeelingsandemotionswithwords (39,41)

• Showsstrongemotions 424.Usepositivecommunicationandbehaviors(donotmock,belittle,orexcludeothers).

• Useslanguagetosaywhathefeels,wants,andneeds (33)


• Findwaysresolveconflicts 505.Resolve(orattempttoresolve)conflictsrespectfully.

• Findwaysresolveconflicts 50

6.Increasinglydevelopgreaterself-awareness;identifytheirowninterestsandstrengths.Can

• Isself-directed(42)• Playsalone (39,41)

becomfortablechoosingtobealone.7.Demonstratetheabilitytocare.Canrespondwithsensitivityorsincerity,laterempathy.


8.Canresistandeffectivelyrespondtoinappropriatepeerpressure(asageappropriate).


9.Demonstratepositivefeelingsabouttheirowngender,family,race,cultureandlanguage.



10.Exhibitagrowingcapacitytoself-regulate,demonstrateself-efficacyandknowacceptableboundaries.

• Understandssomelimitsandrules (39,42,172)

• Playssimplegameswithrules42• Followsandmakessimplerules

(42)11.Demonstrateareasonableself-perceptionofconfidence,canmakechoicesandexplaindiscoveries.

• Makessimplechoices(betweentwoobjectsorideas) (42)


8.EarlyLearningExpectation:Responsibility-EthicalActions.Childrenarebecomingaccountableorreliablefortheiractionstoselfandothers.

1.Contributetothecommunity(classroom,school,neighborhood)asageappropriate.

• Developfriendships 176• Asksquestionsandseeksanswers

(32,151,156)• Speakswhenspokento (30,32)• Increasedcooperation(64,218)• Toleranceofothers 84• Understandssomelimitsandrules

(39,42,172)2.Growinunderstandingoftheneedforrulesandboundariesintheirlearningandsocialenvironments.

• NaturalConsequences201• Useslanguagetocontrolandgive

directions (32)• Understandssomelimitsandrules

(39,42,172)• Playssimplegameswithrules42• Followsandmakessimplerules

(42)3.Showanincreasingabilitytofollowsimple,clearandconsistentdirectionsandrules.

• NaturalConsequences201• Useslanguagetocontrolandgive

directions (32)• Takesturns (41,172)• Understandssomelimitsandrules

(39,42,172)• Playssimplegameswithrules42• Followsandmakessimplerules

(42)4.Begintotakeactiontofixtheirmistakes,solveproblemswithmaterialsandresolveconflictswithothers;donotblameothersinappropriately.


• Increasedcooperation(64,218)• Showsincreasingresponsibility

(42)5.Takeinitiativetodosomethingpositivetocontributetotheircommunity(family,classroom,school,neighborhood)asageappropriate.


• Showsincreasingresponsibility (42)

• Isself-directed(42)6.Increaseunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirenvironmentandbegintorecognizetheimportanceoftakingcareoftheresourcesintheirenvironment.


• Recognizeelementsofthenaturalenvironmentandthattheymaychangeovertime Addressedonpage211

7.Usematerialspurposefully,safelyandrespectfullymoreofthetime.

• Takesturns (41,172)• Shares (41,172)

8.Respectthepropertyofothersandthatofthecommunity

• Takesturns (41,172)• Shares (41,172)

CreativeArts(CA) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:VisualArts.Childrenshowhowtheyfeel,whattheythink,andwhattheyarelearningthroughexperiencesinthevisualarts.

1.Usetheirownideastodraw,paint,mold,andbuildwithavarietyofartmaterials(e.g.,paint,clay,wood,materialsfromnaturesuchasleaves).

• Usessmallmusclesinhandstocolor,cut,paste,andpaint (16,96,105)

• Participateinart Addressedonpage69,70,86

• Usesmallmusclesinhandstopasteandcolor 105


2.Begintoplanandcarryoutprojectsandactivitieswithincreasingpersistence.


3.Begintoshowgrowingawarenessanduseofartisticelements(e.g.,line,shape,color,texture,form).


4.Createrepresentationsthatcontainincreasingdetail.





2.EarlyLearningExpectation:InstrumentalandVocalMusic.Childrenshowhowtheyfeel,

whattheythink,andwhattheyarelearningthroughlistening,participatingin,andcreatinginstrumentalandvocalmusicexperiences.1.Participateinmusicalactivities(e.g.,listening,singing,fingerplays,singinggames,andsimpleperformances)withothers.


• Learningthroughmusicandmovement (61,66,68,109)


• Exploresmusicalinstruments 185• Singssimple,repetitivesongs (32)• Singssongs,fingerplays,andrhymes

withincreasingaccuracy (32,148)

2.Begintounderstandthatmusiccomesinavarietyofmusicalstyles.




• Exploresmusicalinstruments 1853.Begintounderstandanddemonstratethecomponentsofmusic(e.g.,tone,pitch,beat,rhythm,melody).




• Exploresmusicalinstruments 185• Singssimple,repetitivesongs (32)• Singssongs,fingerplays,andrhymes

withincreasingaccuracy (32,148)

4.Becomemorefamiliarwithandexperimentwithavarietyofmusicalinstruments.3.EarlyLearningExpectation:MovementandDance.Childrenshowhowtheyfeel,whattheythink,andwhattheyarelearningthroughmovementanddanceexperiences.

1.Canrespondtoselectedvarietiesofmusic,literature,orvocaltonestoexpresstheirfeelingsandideasthroughcreativemovement.



2.Begintoshowawarenessofcontrastthroughuseofdanceelements(e.g.,time:fast/slow;space:high/middle/low;energy:hard/soft).



3.Begintoidentifyandcreatemovementinplaceandthroughspace.



4.EarlyLearningExpectation:DramaticPlay.Childrenshowhowtheyfeel,whattheythink,andwhattheyarelearningthroughdramaticplay.

1.Growintheabilitytopretendandtouseobjectsassymbolsforotherthings.


• Engagesinpretendplay (42,176)

2.Usedramaticplaytorepresentconcepts,understandadultroles,characters,andfeelings.

• Role-plays (42,176)

3.Begintounderstandcomponentsofdramaticplay(e.g.,setting,prop,costume,voice).

• Engagesinpretendplay (42,176)


• 4.Contributeideasandoffersuggestionstobuildthedramaticplaytheme

• Engagesinfantasyplay,makingupplots (24)

5.Begintodifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality.

• Understandingofthedifferencebetweenrealityandfantasy Addressedonpage39

5.EarlyLearningExpectation:AestheticAppreciation.Childrendeveloprichandrewardingaestheticlives.

1.Develophealthyself-conceptsthroughcreativeartsexperiences.

• Developself-esteem 44• Learningthroughmusicandmovement

(61,66,68,109)• Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart

(25)2.Showeagernessandpleasurewhenapproachinglearningthroughthecreativearts.



3.Showgrowingsatisfactionwiththeirowncreativeworkandgrowingrespectforthecreativeworkofothers.

• Artnightwithfamilies73• Lookattheartofotherchildren

754.Canusealternativeformsofarttoexpressthemselvesdependingontheavenuesavailabletothem(e.g.,throughthevisualarts,ifhearingimpaired;throughlisteningtomusic,ifphysicallyimpaired).



5.Arecomfortablesharingtheirideasandworkwithothers.

• Playswithpeers,sharingideasandtoys (42,180,184)


• Developself-esteem 44

6.Usethecreativeartstoexpresstheirviewoftheworld.



• Createsstories,imagininganddescribingthingsorsituationsthatdonotexist (48,196)

7.Begintodeveloptheirownpreferencesforstories,poems,illustrations,formsofmusic,andotherworksofart.


8.Begintoappreciatetheirartisticheritageandthatofothercultures.



9.Cantalkabouttheircreationswithpeersandadults.


• Artnightwithfamilies7310.Begintodevelopcreativeartsvocabulary. • Hasavocabularyof2,000to6,000

words (25,152,155)• Hasandexpandingvocabularyupto

6,000words 33LanguageandEarlyLiteracyDevelopment(LL) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:EmergentReading.Childrenbegintounderstandwrittenlanguagereadtothemfromavarietyofmeaningfulmaterials,usereading-likebehaviors,andmakeprogresstowardsbecomingconventionalreaders.

A.Incomprehensionstrategies:1.Retellafewimportanteventsandideastheyhaveheardfromwrittenmaterials(e.g.,instoriesandinbooksaboutthingsandevents).





2.Enlargetheirvocabulariesbothwithwordsfromconversationandinstructionalmaterialsandactivities.

• Understandsthemeaningofmostpreschoolwords(semantics) (32)

3.Usedifferentstrategiesforunderstandingwrittenmaterials(e.g.,makingpredictionsusingwhattheyalreadyknow,usingthestructureoftexts,linkingthemselvesandtheirexperiencestothewrittenmaterials,askingrelevantquestions).



4.Demonstratereading-likebehaviorswithfamiliarwrittenmaterials[i.e.,movingfromlabelingpicturestocreatingconnectedstoriesusingbooklanguage(e.g.,“Onceuponatime…”);usingpatternsandvocabularythatoccurinprintedmaterialtomakinguseofprintedtext(e.g.,tryingoutwhatoneislearningaboutwordsandsounds)].

• Enjoysbooks (32,161)• Enjoybooksandgetasenseofhow

bookswork (161)• Knowsbookandprintrules (32,

161)

5.Talkaboutpreferencesforfavoriteauthors,kindsofbooks,andtopicsandquestionthecontentandauthor’schoices(criticalliteracy).

• Enjoysbooks (32,161)•

B.Inprintandalphabeticknowledge:1.Showprogressinidentifyingandassociatingletterswiththeirnamesandsounds

• Knowshalformoreletternames (24,120)

• Knowshalformorelettersounds (24,120)


2.Recognizeafewpersonallymeaningfulwordsincludingtheirownname,“mom,”“dad,”signs,andotherprintintheirenvironment.

• Recognizesownnameinprint(24,136)

• Knowshalformoreletternames (24,120)

• Writesownname (25,91)addressedonpage136

3.Participateinplayactivitieswithsounds(e.g.,rhyminggames,fingerplays).

• Recognizesrhymingsoundsinwords (25)


• recognizesalliterativesoundinwords (25)

C.Inconceptsaboutreading:1.Understandthatideascanbewrittenandthenreadbyothers.

• Enjoybooksandgetasenseofhowbookswork (161)

• Understandthatprintcarriesmeaning Addressedonpage208

2.Understandprintandbookhandlingconceptsincludingdirectionality,title,etc


• Knowsbookandprintrules (32,161)

3.Understandthatpeoplereadformanypurposes(e.g.,enjoyment,information,tounderstanddirections).

• Enjoysbooks (32,161)

4.Understandthatprintedmaterialshavevariousformsandfunctions(e.g.,signs,labels,notes,letters,types).


• Knowsbookandprintrules (32,161)

5.Developanunderstandingoftherolesofauthorsandillustrators.


2.EarlyLearningExpectation:WritingSkills.Childrenbegintodevelopwritingskillsto

communicateandexpressthemselveseffectivelyforavarietyofpurposes.1.Begintounderstandthattheirideascanbewrittenandthenreadbythemselvesorothers.


2.Useavarietyofformsofearlywriting(e.g.,scribbling,drawing,useofletterstrings,copiedenvironmentalprint)andmovetowardthebeginningofphoneticand/orconventionalspelling.


• Writing (30,63,205)• Makesmarksorstrokeswithdrawing

tools (17,91)3.Begintodevelopanunderstandingofpurposesforwriting(e.g.,lists,directions,stories,invitations,labels).

• Writing (30,63,205)• Usedrawingsorothervisualstoadd

detailstoverbaldescriptions Addressedonpage207

• Understandsymbolscarrymeaning Addressedon86


4.Representtheirownorimaginaryexperiencesthroughwriting(with/withoutillustrations).

• Writing (30,63,205)• Usedrawingsorothervisualstoadd

detailstoverbaldescriptions Addressedonpage207


5.Begintowritefamiliarwordssuchastheirownname.

• Writing (30,63,205)• Makesmarksorstrokeswithdrawing

tools (17,91)6.Attempttoreadorpretendtoreadwhattheyhavewrittentofriends,familymembers,andothers.

• ReadingReadiness (63,69)

7.Showbeginningsofasenseoftheneedtolookoverandmodifytheirwritingsanddrawings(e.g.,addingtopictureorwriting).


8.Developgreatercontroloverthephysicalskillsneededtowritelettersandnumbers.

• Writing (30,63,205)• Usessmallmusclesinhandstocolor,

cut,paste,andpaint (16,96,105)• Makesmarksorstrokeswithdrawing

tools (17,91)• Usesmallmusclesinhandstopaste

andcolor 1053.EarlyLearningExpectation:SpokenLanguage:Expressive.Childrendevelopabilitiestoexpressthemselvesclearlyandcommunicateideastoothers.

1.Usespokenlanguageforavarietyofpurposes(e.g.,toexpressfeelings,toaskquestions,totalkabouttheirexperiences,to


• Singssongs,fingerplays,andrhymes

askforwhattheyneed,torespondtoothers). withincreasingaccuracy (32,148)



2.Showincreasingcomfortandconfidencewhenspeaking.

• Approachessituationswithincreasingflexibility (47)

• SpeakingSkills303.Experimentandplaywithsounds(e.g.,rhyming,alliteration,playingwithsounds,andotheraspectsofphonologicalawareness).

• Recognizesrhymingsoundsinwords (25)


• recognizesalliterativesoundinwords (25)

4.Continuetodevelopvocabularybyusingwordslearnedfromstoriesandothersourcesinconversations.



5.Speakinincreasinglymorecomplexcombinationsofwordsandinsentences.

• Usessentenceswithsevenwordsormore (30,32)

• Usespronounsinsentences (32)• Likestolearnnewwords (32,143,

155)• Interestinandusewordsthatarenew

orunfamiliarinconversationsandplay Addressedonpage66

• Pronounceswordsandsoundscorrectly (32,144)

6.Understandtherolesoftheparticipantsinconversation(e.g.,takingturnsinconversationandrelatingtheirowncommentstowhatisbeingtalkedabout;askingrelevantquestions).


• Useslanguagetocontrolandgivedirections (32)

• Converseseasilywithadults (33)• Speakswhenspokento (30,32)

7.Takepartindifferentkindsofrolesasaspeaker(e.g.,partofagroupdiscussion,roleplaying,fantasyplay,storytellingandretelling).

• Speakswhenspokento (30,32)• SpeakingSkills30• Tellsstorieswithoutprompting

(32,143)8.Usenonverbalexpressionsandgesturestomatchandreinforcespokenexpression.

• Confidenceincommunicatingwithothers 30

9.ShowprogressinspeakingboththeirhomelanguageandEnglish(ifnonEnglish-speakingchildren).

• SpeakingSkills30

10.Ifappropriate,showprogressinlearningalternativecommunicationstrategiessuchas

• SpeakingSkills30• Confidenceincommunicatingwith

signlanguage. others 304.EarlyLearningExpectation:SpokenLanguage:Receptive.Childrengrowintheircapacitytouseeffectivelisteningskillsandunderstandwhatissaidtothem.

1.Gaininformationfromlistening(e.g.,toconversations,stories,songs,poems)

• Listensfordetails (32,160)

2.Showprogressinlisteningtoandfollowingspokendirections.

• Follows2-3stepdirections (32,148)

• Followsandmakessimplerules (42)

3.Showprogressinlisteningattentively,avoidinginterruptingothers,learningtoberespectful.

• Listensfordetails (32,160)

4.Respondwithunderstandingtospeechdirectedatthem.

• Speakswhenspokento (30,32)• Understandsthemeaningofmost

preschoolwords(semantics) (32)• Confidenceincommunicatingwith

others 30• Answersquestionsaboutfamiliar

stories (32,151)5.Understandtheconceptandroleofanaudience(e.g.,beingpartofanaudience,beingquiet,beingconsiderate,lookingatthespeaker).

• Shares (41,172)• Role-plays (42,176)

6.Understandandrespondappropriatelytonon-verbalexpressionsandgestures.


7.ShowprogressinlisteningtoandunderstandingboththeirhomelanguageandEnglish(ifnon-English-speakingchildren).

• Understandwhenwordsareusedinunconventionalways Addressedonpage66

5.EarlyLearningExpectation:ViewingImagesandOtherMediaMaterials.Childrenbegintodevelopstrategiesthatassisttheminviewingavarietyofimagesandmultimediamaterialseffectivelyandcritically.

1.Viewimagesandothermediamaterialsforavarietyofpurposes(e.g.,togaininformation,forpleasure,toaddtotheirunderstandingofwrittenmaterials,forvisualcuesorcreativepurposes).



2.Usedifferentstrategiesforunderstandingvariousmedia(e.g.,makingpredictionsusingwhattheyalreadyknow,usingthestructureoftheimageormedia,linkingthemselvesandtheirexperiencestothecontent,askingrelevantquestions).



3.Begintocompareinformationacrosssourcesanddiscriminatebetweenfantasyandreality.

• Understandingofthedifferencebetweenrealityandfantasy Addressedonpage39

6.EarlyLearningExpectation:PositiveAttitudesaboutLiteracy.Childrendeveloppositiveattitudesaboutthemselvesasliteratebeings—asreaders,writers,speakers,viewers,andlisteners.

1.Choosetoread,write,listen,speak,andviewforenjoymentandinformation,andtoexpandtheircuriosity.

• ReadingReadiness (63,69)

2.Demonstrateemotionfromliteracyexperiences(e.g.laughter,concern,curiosity).

• ReadingReadiness (63,69)• Enjoysbooks (32,161)• Enjoybooksandgetasenseofhow

bookswork (161)3.Makeconnectionswithsituationsorevents,peopleorstories.


4.Approachtasksandactivitieswithincreasedflexibility,imagination,inventiveness,andconfidence.

• Approachessituationswithincreasingflexibility (47)

5.Showgrowthineagernesstolearnaboutanddiscussagrowingrangeoftopics,ideas,andtasks.

• Likestolearnnewwords (32,143,155)

7.EarlyLearningExpectation:DiversityofCommunication.Childrenbegintounderstandthatcommunicationisdiverseandthatpeoplecommunicateinavarietyofways.

1.UnderstandthatsomepeoplecommunicateindifferentlanguagesandotherformsofEnglish.

• Developanawarenessandappreciationoffamilyculturalstoriesandtraditions


2.Becomeawareofthevalueofthelanguageusedintheirhomes.



3.Becomeawareofalternateandvariousformsofcommunication(e.g.,Braille,signlanguage,lipreading,digitalcommunicationtablets).



4.Begintounderstandthevalueandenjoymentofbeingabletocommunicateinmorethanonelanguageorformofcommunication.



DualLanguageLearning(DLL) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:ReceptiveEnglishLanguageSkills.Childrendemonstrate

anincreasingabilitytocomprehendorunderstandtheEnglishlanguageatanappropriatedevelopmentallevel.1.Observepeersandadultswithincreasingattentiontounderstandlanguageandintent.

2.Respondwithnon-verbalactionsandbasicEnglishwordsorphrasestocommunicate.

3.Demonstrateincreasedunderstandingofsimplewordsandphrasesusedindailyroutinesorcontentstudies.

4.Increaseunderstandingofmultiplemeaningsofwords.

5.Exhibitagrowingvocabularyofbasicandhigh-frequencywords.

6.Demonstrateabeginningofphonologicalawarenessandphonics.

2.EarlyLearningExpectation:ExpressiveEnglishLanguageSkills.ChildrendemonstrateanincreasingabilitytospeakoruseEnglishatanappropriatedevelopmentallevel.

1.ExpressbasicneedsusingcommonwordsorphrasesinEnglish.

2.ParticipatewithpeersandadultsinsimpleexchangesinEnglish.

3.Asageappropriate,attempttouselongersentencesorphrasesinEnglish.

4.Continuetouseandbuildhomelanguageasneededtobuildunderstandingofwordsandconceptsinsecondlanguage.

3.EarlyLearningExpectation:EngagementinEnglishLiteracyActivities.Childrendemonstrateincreasedunderstandingandresponsetobooks,storytelling,andsongspresentedinEnglishandincreasedparticipationinEnglishliteracyactivities.

1.Demonstrateincreasingattentiontostoriesandbookreading.

2.Nameorrecallcharactersinstories. 3.Usebothverbalandnonverbalmethodstodemonstrateunderstandingasearlyliteracyskillsalsoincrease.

4.Begintotalkaboutbooks,stories,makepredictionsortakeaguessaboutthebook.

4.EarlyLearningExpectation:EngagementinWriting.ChildrendemonstrateanincreasingabilitytowritewordsorengageinearlystagesofwritinginEnglish.

Alphabet1.Engageinearlydrawingoremergentwritingattempts.

2.CopylettersoftheEnglishalphabetasageappropriate

Words3.Writeorcopyingimportantwords(name,friends,andfamily).

4.Writenameusingacapitalletteratthebeginning.

5.Copywordsorlabelsfromintegratedlearning(math,science,arts)experiences.

6.Usedrawingandemergentwritingtogether. 5.EarlyLearningExpectation:SocialInteraction.Childreninteractwithpeersinplay,classroomandsocialsituationsusingEnglishwithincreasingabilityandcomfort;usefirstlanguagewhenappropriateandsharehomeculture.

1.Demonstrateandalsoacceptpositiveverbalandnon-verbalinteractionsfrompeers.

InEnglish:2.Engagewiththeteacherandothersinapositivemanner.

3.Communicateemotionsappropriatelyandbeginningtolabelfeelings.

4.Showbothverbalandnon-verbalattemptstoparticipatewithpeers.

IntheFirstLanguage:5.Write,drawandtalkaboutfamilyandculturaltraditions(songs,food,celebrations,etc.).

6.Demonstrateprideandrecognitionoffirstlanguage.

7.Buildskillsinfirstlanguage. TechnologyLiteracyEarlyLearninginTechnology(TL)

1.EarlyLearningExpectation:CreativityandInnovation.Childrenuseavarietyofdevelopmentallyappropriatedigitaltoolstolearnandcreate.

1.Candescribeandcreativelyuseavarietyoftechnologicaltoolsindependentlyorwithpeeroradulthelp.

• Withmodelingandsupportexploreavarietyofdigitaltoolstoexpressideas

2.Understandthattechnologytoolscanbeusedthroughouttheday


3.Understandthatdifferenttechnologytoolshavedifferentuses,includingcommunicatingfeelingsandideas.


2.EarlyLearningExpectation:CommunicationandCollaboration.Childrenworktogetherwhenusingdevelopmentallyappropriatedigitaltools.

1.Respondtootherchildren’stechnologyproductsvocallyorwithinthetechnologytool.


2.Workwithoneormoreotherchildrentoplanandcreateaproductwithatechnologytool.


3.EarlyLearningExpectation:ResearchandInformationLiteracy.Withadultsupportandsupervision,childreninteractwithdevelopmentallyappropriateInternetbasedresources.Withadultsupport,childrenusedevelopmentallyappropriatedigitalresourcestolocateanduseinformationrelatingtoatopicunderstudy.

1.Begintobeabletonavigatedevelopmentallyappropriatewebsites.


2.Understandthattheinternetcanbeusedtolocateinformationaswellasforentertainment.


3.Respondtoinformationfoundontheinternetindevelopmentallyappropriateways(e.g.,tellwhattheylearned,drawapicture,usetheinformationtoaccomplishatask).


4.EarlyLearningExpectation:CriticalThinking,ProblemSolving,andDecisionMaking.Childrencanexplainsomewaysthattechnologycanbeusedtosolveproblems.

1.Talk,askquestions,solveproblemsandshareideaswithpeersandadults,whenusingcomputersandothertechnologytools.


2.Whenfacedwithaproblem,suggesttheuseoftechnologytooltosolvetheproblem(e.g.,takeapictureofablockcreationtoshowparents,findoutthesizeofadinosaur).


5.EarlyLearningExpectation:DigitalCitizenship.Childrenbegintounderstandhowtechnologycanbeusedappropriatelyorinappropriately

1.Begintostateandfollowrulesforsafeuseofthecomputerandothertechnologytools.


2.Begintounderstandhowtechnologycanbeusedinappropriately(e.g.,usinganother’scellphonewithoutpermission,usingtheInternetwithoutsupervision).


3.IdentifytheMichiganCyberSafetyInitiative’sthreerules(KeepSafe,KeepAway,KeepTelling).

4.IdentifypersonalinformationthatshouldnotbesharedontheInternetorthephone(e.g.,name,address,phone).


5.KnowtousethecomputeronlywhenanadultissupervisingandtoinformatrustedadultifanythingontheInternetcreates


discomfort.6.EarlyLearningExpectation:TechnologyOperationsandConcepts.Childrenbegintolearntouseandtalkabouttechnologytoolsappropriately.

1.Canfollowsimpledirectionstousecommontechnologytools


2.Recognizeandnamethemajorpartsofacomputerandotherdevices


3.Understandtheneedforanddemonstratebasiccarefortechnologyequipment.


4.Useadaptivedevicestooperateasoftwareprogramasnecessary.


Social,EmotionalandPhysicalHealthandDevelopment(SEP)

1.EarlyLearningExpectation:UnderstandingofSelf.Childrendevelopandexhibitahealthysenseofself.

1.Showanemergingsenseofself-awareness • Artnightwithfamilies73• Recognizesownnameinprint(24,

136)• Developfriendships 176• Similaritiesanddifferencebetween

peopleAddressedonpage152,176,207

2.Continuetodeveloppersonalpreferences. • Engagesinfantasyplay,makingupplots (24)

3.Demonstrategrowingconfidenceinexpressingtheirfeelings,needsandopinions.



4.Becomeincreasinglymoreindependent • Showsindependence (39,41,44)5.Recognizeandhavepositivefeelingsabouttheirowngender,family,race,cultureandlanguage



6.Identifyavarietyoffeelingsandmoods(inthemselvesandothers).

• Othersemotions 52• Expressesfeelingsandemotionswith

words (39,41)• Understandsothers'perspectives

(41,176)2.EarlyLearningExpectation:ExpressingEmotions.Childrenshowincreasingabilitytoregulatehowtheyexpresstheiremotions.

1.Growintheircapacitytoavoidharmingthemselves,others,orthingsaroundthemwhenexpressingfeelings,needsandopinions.


• Issensitivetothefeelingsofothers

(42)• Toleranceofothers 84

2.Growintheirabilitytofollowsimple,clear,andconsistentdirectionsandrules.

• Playssimplegameswithrules42• Followsandmakessimplerules

(42)3.Usematerialspurposefully,safely,andrespectfullymoreandmoreofthetime.



4.Begintoknowwhenandhowtoseekhelpfromanadultorpeer.


5.Managetransitionsandfollowroutinesmostofthetime.

• Transitions 131• Transitionsthroughouttheday

696.Canadapttodifferentenvironments. • Showinterestintheoutsideworld

(179)3.EarlyLearningExpectation:RelationshipswithOthers.Childrendevelophealthyrelationshipswithotherchildrenandadults.

1.Increasetheirabilitytoinitiateandsustainage-appropriateinteractionswithpeersandadults.

• Playwithpeers 185• Playswithotherchildren (39,41,

167,172,176,180,184,212)• Engagesingroupplay (42)• Playswithpeers,sharingideasandtoys

(42,180,184)2.Begintodevelopandpracticetheuseofproblem-solvingandconflictresolutionskills.

• Findwaysresolveconflicts 50• Problemsolving (61,73,221)• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,

63)3.Recognizesimilaritiesanddifferencesinpeople(gender,family,race,culture,language).

• SimilaritiesanddifferencebetweenpeopleAddressedonpage152,176,207

4.Increasetheircapacitytotakeanother’sperspective.



• Toleranceofothers 845.Showincreasingrespectfortherightsofothers.



• Toleranceofothers 846.Showprogressindevelopingandkeepingfriendships.

• Developfriendships 176• Makesfriends (42,176)

7.Participatesuccessfullyasagroupmember. • Engagesingroupplay (42)• Playwithpeers 185• Playswithotherchildren (39,41,

167,172,176,180,184,212)

8.Demonstrateanincreasingsenseofbelongingandawarenessoftheirroleasamemberofafamily,classroom,andcommunity.

• Showsindependence (39,41,44)• Enjoyshelpingwithhouseholdtasks

41• Perceivehowafamilyworks 177

4.EarlyLearningExpectation:BodyControlandActivity.Childrenincreasetheirabilitytounderstandandcontroltheirbodiesandlearnthatregularphysicalactivitycanenhancetheiroverallphysical,social,andmentalhealth.

1.Begintorecognizeandlearnthenamesofbodyparts.

• Identifiesandnamesbodyparts (24)

2.Begintounderstandspatialawarenessforthemselves,others,andtheirenvironment.

• Increasedspatialawareness (217)

3.Participateactivelyandonaregularbasis,ingames,outdoorplay,andotherformsofvigorousexercisethatenhancephysicalfitness.

• Jumpsintoairwithbothfeet (17,216)

• Runsconsistentlywithoutfalling (14,17,109,215)

• Pedalsandsteerspreschool-sizedthree-wheeler (17)

• Scootsontwo-wheeledbikewithoutpedalsand/orpedalsandsteersatwo-wheeledbikewithtrainingwheels (14,17)

• Useslargemusclestothrow,climb,skip,hop,jump,catch,turnsomersaults,andbounce (14,17,62,101,123)

• BasicunderstandingthatphysicalactivityhelpsthebodygrowandbehealthyAddressedonpages11and14

4.Increasinglydevelopsgreaterself-awareness;identifieshisorherowninterestandstrengths.

• Showsindependence (39,41,44)• Makessimplechoices(betweentwo

objectsorideas) (42)• Isself-directed(42)

5.EarlyLearningExpectation:GrossMotorDevelopment.Childrenexperiencegrowthingrossmotordevelopmentanduselargemusclestoimproveavarietyofgrossmotorskillsinavarietyofbothstructuredandunstructuredandplannedandspontaneoussettings.

1.Beginorcontinuetodeveloptravelingmovementssuchaswalking,climbing,running,jumping,hopping,skipping,marching,andgalloping.

• Walksonabalancebeamorline (14,16,62,96)

• Walksupanddownstairsalternatingfeet (17)

• Runsconsistentlywithoutfalling (14,17,109,215)

• Runswitheaseandstopsquickly (14,17,109,215)

• Jumpsintoairwithbothfeet (17,216)


• Jumpsoverobjects8to10incheshighwithoutfalling(17,92)

• Learnstojumprope (17,62,131)2.Showtheirabilitytousedifferentbodypartsinarhythmicpattern.

• Swingsarmswhenwalking (16)• Learningthroughmusicandmovement

(61,66,68,109)• Expressesinterestincreative

movement 253.Showincreasingabilitiestocoordinatemovements(e.g.,throwing,catching,kicking,bouncingballs,usingtheslideandswing)inordertobuildstrength,flexibility,balance,andstamina.


• Kicksaballwithaccuracy (17,109)

• Slideswithoutassistance (17)4.Exhibitagrowingcapacitytoself-regulate,demonstrateself-efficacyandknowacceptableboundaries(e.g.,ridingatricycleorbike,usingtheirbodiesinhelpfulvs.hurtfulways,beinga‘leader’inagame).


• Ridestwo-wheeledbike (14,17)6.EarlyLearningExpectation:FineMotorDevelopment.Childrenexperiencegrowthinfinemotordevelopmentandusesmallmusclestoimproveavarietyoffinemotorskillsbothinstructuredandunstructuredsettings.

1.Developandrefinemotorcontrolandcoordination,eye-handcoordination,finger/thumbandwhole-handstrengthcoordinationandenduranceusingavarietyofage-appropriatetools(e.g.,scissors,pencils,markers,crayons,blocks,puttingtogetherpuzzles,usingavarietyoftechnology).


• Buildsandstackswithseveralsmallblocks (17)


• Usesnumberwordstoindicatethequantityinsmallsetsofobjects Addressedonpage131

2.Usefinemotorskillstheyarelearningindailyactivities(e.g.,dressingthemselves).

• Dresseswithlittleassistance (17)

7.EarlyLearningExpectation:PositiveActivity.Childrenparticipateinactivitiesthatencourageself-motivation,emphasizecooperation,andminimizecompetition.

1.Learntocooperatewithothersthroughgamesandotheractivitiesandactionsthatshowagrowingknowledgeoftherightsof

• Increasedcooperation(64,218)• Showsincreasingpatience (42)

others. • Takesturns (41,172)2.Takeprideintheirownabilitiesandincreaseself-motivation.

• Motivation 44• Developself-esteem 44

3.Begintodevelopanappreciationandrespectforthevaryingphysicalabilitiesandcapabilitiesofothers.


• Othersemotions 524.Demonstrateincreasingabilitytobetogetherwithothers,inplayorintellectuallearningopportunitiesand/ormakingpositiveeffortsforthegoodofall.

• Playswithotherchildren (39,41,167,172,176,180,184,212)


• Engagesingroupplay (42)8.EarlyLearningExpectation:HealthyEating.Childrenbecomeawareofandbegintodevelopnutritionalhabitsthatcontributetogoodhealth.

1.Growintheirunderstandingoftheimportanceofeatingnutritiousmealsandsnacksatregularintervals,andhowthisrelatestogoodhealth.

• Distinguishnutritiousfoodsfromnon-nutritiousfoods Addressedonpage115

2.Begintolistentobodysignalsofhungerandfullness,learntochoosehowmuchtoeatatmealsandsnacks,andareabletoconveytheirneedsforfoodtoadults.


3.Useage/developmentally-appropriateeatingutensilssafelyandcorrectly.

• Smallmusclesforfeedingself 2

4.Becomeawareoffoodsthatcauseallergicreactionsforsomechildrenand/orotherdietaryneedsorrestrictions.

• Foodallergies Addressedonpage223

9.EarlyLearningExpectation:HealthyChoices.Childrenbegintohaveknowledgeaboutandmakeage-appropriatehealthychoicesindailylife.

1.Showgrowingindependenceinkeepingthemselvesclean,personalcarewheneating,dressing,washinghands,brushingteeth,useoftissuesfornose-blowing(andtheirdisposal),andtoileting.

• ImportanceHandwashing Addressedonpage69,168,199,200

2.Growinunderstandingoftheimportanceofgoodhealthanditsrelationshiptophysicalactivity

• Importanceofexercise11

3.Talkaboutwaystopreventspreadinggermsanddiseasestootherpeople.

• ImportanceHandwashingAddressedonpage69,168,199,200

4.Developanunderstandingofbasicoralhygiene

• Toothbrushing 199

5.Begintobeabletorecognizeactivitiesthatcontributetothespreadofcommunicablediseases(e.g.,sharingofcups,eatingutensils,hats,clothing,foods

6.Canbegintorecognizesomesymptomsof • Don'tfeelwell Addressedonpage204

diseaseorhealthissues(e.g.,asorethroatisnota“soreneck”)andcommoninstrumentsusedindiagnosingdisease(e.g.,thermometer,x-raymachines).7.Begintobecomeawareofactivities,substances,andsituationsthatmayposepotentialhazardstohealth[e.g.,smoking,poisonousmaterials,edible,non-edibleitems(e.g.,plants/berries),medications(appropriateuseof)].


10.EarlyLearningExpectation:PersonalSafety.Childrenrecognizethattheyhavearoleinpreventingaccidentsorpotentialemergencies.

1.Begintolearnappropriatesafetyprocedures(e.g.,inthehome,atschool,asapedestrian,outdoors,ontheplayground,withvehicles,withbicycles,aroundbodiesofwater).

• Emergencyevacuations (228)• Transportationofchildren (219)• Identifysafetyhazards213• WaterSafety 224

2.Identifypersonstowhomtheycanturnforhelpinanemergencysituation.


3.Begintoknowimportantfactsaboutthemselves(e.g.,address,phonenumber,parent’sname).

• Knowsandsaysfirstandlastnames (32)

4.Becomeawareofissuesrelativetopersonalsafety(e.g.,inappropriatetouching,goodandbadsecrets,learninghowtosay‘No’toinappropriatetouchingbyanyotherperson,recognizingwhentotellanadultaboutanuncomfortablesituation).

• Emergencyevacuations (228)• Identifysafetyhazards213

5.Begintolearnthecorrectprocedureforself-protectioninemergencysituations(e.g.,tornados,fire,storms,gunfire,chemicalspills,avoidanceofother’sbloodandvomit).

• Emergencyevacuations (228)•

6.Begintotrynewactivitieswith‘justmanageable’risk(e.g.,ridingatricycle,climbingsafely,jumping,exploring).


• Ridestwo-wheeledbike (14,17)• Jumpsintoairwithbothfeet (17,

216)• Useslargemusclestothrow,climb,

skip,hop,jump,catch,turnsomersaults,andbounce (14,17,62,101,123)

• Jumpsoverobjects8to10incheshighwithoutfalling(17,92)

• Learnstojumprope (17,62,131)7.Exhibitagrowingcapacitytoself-regulate,demonstrateself-efficacyandknowacceptable


boundaries. • Followsandmakessimplerules (42)

EarlyLearninginMathematics(M) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:MathPractices.Childrenbegintodevelopprocessesandstrategiesforsolvingmathematicalproblems.

1.Trytosolveproblemsintheirdailylivesusingmathematics(e.g.,howmanynapkinsareneeded).

• Showsinterestinnumbersandnamesofnumbers (24,131)

• Understandnumbersrepresentaquantity Addressedonpage131and136



• Countsobjectsoutloud (24,131,136)

2.Generatenewproblemsfromeverydaymathematicalsituationsandusecurrentknowledgeandexperiencetosolvethem(e.g.,distributecrackers).



3.Begintodevelopandusevariousapproachestoproblemsolvingbasedupontheirtrialanderrorexperiences.


63)• Reflectsonpastexperiencesand

appliesinformationtonewsituations (48,190)

• Introducingmathematics 2104.Begintotalkabouttheprocessesandprocedurestheyusedtosolveconcreteandsimplemathematicalsituations.


• Introducingmathematics 210• Useslanguagetosaywhathefeels,

wants,andneeds (33)• Argues,reasons,anduses"because"

(33)• Purposefullyexploresnewthingsor

ideas (47,193,194)5.Begintogenerateproblemsthatinvolvepredicting,collecting,andanalyzinginformationandusingsimpleestimation.


• Estimatesnumbersinagroup(25)• Seeksandacceptshelpandinformation

(48,188)• Purposefullyexploresnewthingsor

ideas (47,193,194)

• Predicting 22• Judging22• Deciding 22

2.EarlyLearningExpectation:MathematicalLiteracy.Childrenbegintousethelanguageofmathematicsbyapplyingemergingskillsinrepresenting,discussing,reading,writing,andlistening(e.g.,bytranslatingaproblemoractivityintoanewform;apicture,diagram,model,symbol,orwords).

1.Participateregularlyininformalconversationsaboutmathematicalconceptsandnumberrelationships.

• Introducingmathematics 210• Showsinterestinnumbersandnames

ofnumbers (24,131)• Understandnumbersrepresenta

quanityAddressedonpage131and136• Usesnumberwordstoindicatethe

quantityinsmallsetsofobjects Addressedonpage131

• Understandsconceptssuchasage,number,anddistance (24,115,132)

• Estimatesnumbersinagroup(25)2.Begintorecordtheirworkwithnumbersinavarietyofsimpleconcreteandpictorialformats,movingtowardsomeuseofnumberandothermathematicalsymbols.

• UnderstandnumbersrepresentaquanityAddressedonpage131and136


3.Begintousesymbolstorepresentrealobjectsandquantities.




4.Makeprogressfrommatchingandrecognizingnumbersymbolstoreadingandwritingnumerals.


• Writing (30,63,205)• Usesnumberwordstoindicatethe

quantityinsmallsetsofobjects Addressedonpage131

5.Talkabouttheirownmathematicalexplorationsanddiscoveriesusingsimplemathematicallanguageandquantity-relatedwords.


• Makescomparisonsbetweenobjectsafterobservation (24,130,132)

6.Begintorecognizethatinformationcomesinmanyformsandcanbeorganizedanddisplayedindifferentways.


• Copiesanddrawssimpleshapesand

letters (14,16)• Makesmarksorstrokeswithdrawing

tools (17,91)• Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart

(25)7.Begintodescribecomparativerelationships(e.g.,more/less/samenumberofobjectsorquantities).

• Understandsthewordswholeandhalfandusestheminsentences 25

• Useswordsfortime,suchasyesterdayandtoday (24,136)


3.EarlyLearningExpectation:ClassificationandPatterns.Childrenbegintodevelopskillsofrecognizing,comparingandclassifyingobjects,relationships,eventsandpatternsintheirenvironmentandineverydaylife.

1.Recognize,describe,copy,extend,andcreatesimplepatternswithrealobjectsandthroughpictures.

• Copyandanticipatearepeatingpattern Addressedonpage121

2.Identifypatternsintheirenvironment. • Noticespatterns (24,62,121)3.Investigatepatternsanddescriberelationships.

• Noticespatterns (24,62,121)• Copyandanticipatearepeatingpattern

Addressedonpage1214.Recognizepatternsinvariousformats(e.g.,thingsthatcanbeseen,heard,felt).


Addressedonpage1214.EarlyLearningExpectation:CountingandCardinality.Childrenextendtheirunderstandingofnumbersandtheirrelationshiptooneanotherandthingsintheenvironment.

1.Developanincreasinginterestandawarenessofnumbersandcountingasameansfordeterminingquantityandsolvingproblems.

• Countsobjectsoutloud (24,131,136)

• Countstwentyormoreobjectswithaccuracy (25,131,136)

2.Match,build,compare,andlabelamountsofobjectsandevents(e.g.,birthdaysintheweek)intheirdailylives.



3.Makeprogressinmovingbeyondrotecountingtoanunderstandingofconceptualcounting(e.g.,one-to-onecorrespondence).

• Placeobjectsinone-to-onecorrespondencerelationshipsduirngplay Addressedonpage131

• Demonstrateunderstandingofone-to-onecorrespondence 131

4.Recognizeandmatchnumbersymbolsforsmallamountswiththeappropriateamounts(e.g.,subitizing).



5.Showprogressinlinkingnumberconcepts,vocabulary,quantitiesandwrittennumeralsinmeaningfulways.



• Introducingmathematics 2106.Showgrowthinunderstandingthatnumberwordsandnumeralsrepresentquantities.




7.Usecardinal(e.g.,one,two)andordinal(e.g.,first,second)numbersindailyhomeandclassroomlife.



8.Understandhownumberscanbeusedtolabelvariousaspectsoftheirlives(e.g.,housenumber,phonenumber,agesofclassmates).


9.Developanincreasingabilitytocountinsequenceuptotenandbeyond,typicallyreferredtoas“countingon.”

• Countstwentyormoreobjectswithaccuracy (25,131,136)

5.EarlyLearningExpectation:SimpleOperationsandBeginningAlgebraicThinking.Childrenbegintodevelopskillsofsortingandorganizinginformation,seeingpatterns,andusinginformationtomakepredictionsandsolvenewproblems.

1.Begintodeveloptheabilitytosolveproblemsinvolvingjoining,separating,combining,andcomparingamountswhenusingsmallquantitiesofconcretematerials.


63)• Problemsolving (61,73,221)• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,

63)2.Cangenerateproblemsthatinvolvepredicting,collecting,andanalyzinginformation.

• Predicting 22• Problemsolving (61,73,221)• Usesreasontosolveproblems(19,24,

63)3.Usesimpleestimationtomakebetterguesses.

• Estimatesnumbersinagroup(25)

4.Identifylikenessesanddifferences • Similaritiesanddifferencebetween

peopleAddressedonpage152,176,207

• Sortsordescribesobjectsbyoneormoreattributes (24,115,129,130)

• Sortsandorganizes (25,129,130)• Dosimplesorting 146• Sortandcreatesets 130

5.Canplaceobjectsoreventsinorder,accordingtoagivencriterion(e.g.,color,shape,size,time).



6.Recognizethatthesamegroupcanbesortedandclassifiedinmorethanonewayanddescribewhytheywouldgrouporsequenceinaparticularway



7.Begintounderstandthatsimpleconcreteandrepresentationalgraphsarewaysofcollecting,organizing,recording,anddescribinginformation.


6.EarlyLearningExpectation:Measuring.Childrenexploreanddiscoversimplewaystomeasure.

1.Showawarenessthatthingsintheirenvironmentcanbemeasured.

• Measure 121• Usesmeasurementterms (25,121,

137)2.Begintounderstandconceptsofweight. • Usesmeasurementterms (25,121,

137)3.Showanawarenessoftheconceptoftime,beginningwiththerecognitionoftimeasasequenceofeventsandhowtimeplaysaroleintheirdailylife(e.g.,breakfast,snack,lunch,dinner).



4.Showanawarenessoftemperatureasitaffectstheirdailylives.


5.Usebeginningskillsofestimationinsolvingeverydaymeasurementproblems(e.g.,abouthowmanycookiesareneededforasmallgroupofchildren).

• Estimatesnumbersinagroup(25)

6.Begintousenon-standardmeasures(e.g.,lengthofhand)forlengthandareaofobjects.

• Measure 121• Usesmeasurementterms (25,121,

137)7.Begintounderstandthattools(e.g.,rulers, • Measure 121

scales,counters)canbeusedtomeasurepropertiesofobjectsandamounts.

• Usesmeasurementterms (25,121,137)

7.EarlyLearningExpectation:Geometry.Childrenbuildtheirvisualthinkingskillsthroughexplorationswithshapeandthespacesintheirclassroomsandneighborhoods.

1.Canmakemodels,draw,name,and/orclassifycommonshapesandverballydescribetheminsimpleterms.


• Namessimpleshapes (24,210)• Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart

(25)2.Investigateandbegintopredicttheresultsofcombining,subdividing,andchangingshapes.


• Namessimpleshapes (24,210)• Drawsbasicshapesandexpressiveart

(25)3.Begintorecognizeandappreciategeometricshapesintheirenvironment.

• Namessimpleshapes (24,210)•

4.Begintobuildanunderstandingofdirectionality,order,andpositionsofobjectsthroughtheuseofwords(e.g.,up,down,over,under,top,bottom,inside,outside,infrontof,behind).

• Usespositionalterms(under,over,though,next) (24,121)

5.Identifypatternsintheirenvironment. • Noticespatterns (24,62,121)

6.Recognize,describe,copy,extendandcreatesimplepatternswithrealobjectsandthroughpictures.

• Copyandanticipatearepeatingpattern Addressedonpage121

7.Investigatepatternsanddescriberelationships.


Addressedonpage1218.Recognizepatternsinvariousformats(e.g.,thingsthatcanbeseen,heard,felt).


Addressedonpage121EarlyLearninginScience�(S) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:ObservationandInquiry.Childrendeveloppositiveattitudesandgainknowledgeaboutsciencethroughobservationandactiveplay.

1.Demonstratecuriosityaboutandinterestintheirnaturalenvironmentthatleadsthemtoconfidentlyengageinactivitiesrelatedtoscience.


2.Askquestionsrelatedtotheirowninterestandobservations.


3.Talkabouttheirownpredictions,explanationsandgeneralizationsbasedonpastandcurrentexperiences.

• Predicting 22• Reflectsonpastexperiencesand

appliesinformationtonewsituations

(48,190)4.Expandtheirobservationalskills(e.g.,extendingthetimetheyobserve,beingabletodescribeandconfirmtheirobservationsbyusingavarietyofresources).


5.Begintoparticipateinsimpleinvestigations(e.g.,askingquestionsmanipulatingmaterials;anticipatingwhatmighthappennext;testingtheirobservationstodeterminewhythingshappen).

• Usesimpletoolstoextendinvestigations Addressedonpage63



2.EarlyLearningExpectation:LivingandNon-livingThings.Childrenshowabeginningawarenessofscientificknowledgerelatedtolivingandnon-livingthings.

1.Demonstrateagrowingabilitytocollect,talkabout,andrecordinformationaboutlivingandnon-livingthings(e.g.,throughdiscussions,drawings).




2.Begintocategorizelivingandnon-livingthingsintheirenvironmentbasedoncharacteristicstheycanobserve(e.g.,texture,color,size,shape,temperature,usefulness,weight).


• Sortsandorganizes (25,129,130)• Dosimplesorting 146

3.Useobservationskillstobuildawarenessofplantsandanimals,theirlifecycles(e.g.,birth,aging,death)andbasicneeds(e.g.,air,food,light,rest).



4.Begintodescriberelationshipsamongfamiliarplantsandanimals(e.g.,caterpillarseatleaves).

• Placeobjectsinone-to-onecorrespondencerelationshipsduringplay Addressedonpage131


5.Begintodescribetheplacesinwhichfamiliarplantsandanimalsintheirneighborhoodlive(e.g.,city,drainageponds,parks,fields,forests).


6.Demonstrategreaterknowledgeandrespectfortheirbodies(e.g.,describevisiblepartsofthehumanbodyandtheirfunctions).

• BasicunderstandingthatphysicalactivityhelpsthebodygrowandbehealthyAddressedonpages11and14

• Identifiesandnamesbodyparts (24)

7.Observe,describeandcomparethemotionsofcommonobjectsintermsofspeedanddirection(e.g.,faster,slowest,up,down).

• Likestolearnnewwords (32,143,155)

• Understandsthemeaningofmostpreschoolwords(semantics) (32)


3.EarlyLearningExpectation:KnowledgeabouttheEarth.Childrenshowabeginningawarenessofscientificknowledgerelatedtotheearth.

1.Cantalkaboutobservablecharacteristicsofdifferentseasons.


• Changingseasons 2112.Cantalkabouttheobservablepropertiesofearthmaterials(sand,rocks,soil,water)andlivingorganisms.


3.Cantalkaboutmajorfeaturesoftheearth’ssurface(streams,hills,beaches)whenfoundinthechildren’sneighborhoodandneighborhoodsthattheyvisit.


• Earth-waterevaporation 137

4.Begintodescribeweatheranditschangingconditions(e.g.,wind,rain,snow,clouds).


• Understandweatherconcepts115• Weatherpatterns 211• Earth-waterevaporation 137

5.Talkaboutwaystobesafeduringbadweatherandinoutdoorexplorations.


• Emergencyevacuations (228)• Understandweatherconcepts115• Weatherpatterns 211

EarlyLearningintheSocialStudies(SS) 1.EarlyLearningExpectation:RelationshipinPlace.Childrenbegintounderstandandinterprettheirrelationshipandplacewithintheirownenvironment.

1.Exploretheenvironment,experimentandplaywithnaturalmaterials,explorethetexture,soundandsmellsofnature.

• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211

2.Extendinformationgainedfrombooksandstoriesorprojectstolearningintheoutdoorsettinginwhichtheyliveandplay.

• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211• Enjoysbooks (32,161)

3.Developasenseofconnectednessthroughtheexplorationofthenaturalenvironmentandmaterials,caringforanimalsorplants.

• Usingmaterialsfoundinnature (59,190)

• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211• Showinterestintheoutsideworld

(179)4.Engageinconversationsthatreflectexperiencesinandobservationsoftheenvironment.

• Usingmaterialsfoundinnature (59,190)

• Conceptsaboutnature63

• Connectingwithnature 211• Showinterestintheoutsideworld

(179)5.Demonstrateadevelopingsenseofrespectfornatureanditscomponents.

• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211•

6.Useandunderstandwordsforlocationanddirection.

• Readmapdirections 209

2.EarlyLearningExpectation:HowPeopleAreInfluenced.Childrenbegintorecognizethatmanydifferentinfluencesshapepeople’sthinkingandbehavior.

1.Cantalkaboutpersonalinformation(e.g.,name;familymembers;and,byfour,knowledgeofpersonaltraits,address,telephonenumber).

• Helpchildrentorecognizetheiraddress,phonenumber,andbirthdaybyusingmatchinggamesandmade-upsongs 132

2.Begintorecognizethemselvesasuniqueindividualsandbecomeawareoftheuniquenessofothers.



• Toleranceofothers 843.Showanunderstandingoffamilyandhowfamiliesarealikeanddifferent.



4.Talkaboutwaysmembersofafamilycanworktogethertohelponeanother.

• Perceivehowafamilyworks 177

5.Begintorecognizethatpeoplecelebrateeventsinavarietyofways.

• Activitiesthatreflectdiversityincludinggender,ethnicity,culture,race,andability 84

6.Growinunderstandingofandrespectfordifferencesamongculturalgroups,aswellastheircontributionstosociety.



• Toleranceofothers 847.Exhibitagrowingcapacitytoself-regulate,demonstrateself-efficacyandknowacceptableboundaries.


• Toleranceofothers 84• Understandingboundaries 44

8.Participateincreatingtheirownclassroomcelebrations.

• Artnightwithfamilies73

3.EarlyLearningExpectation:UnderstandingTime.Childrenshowgrowthintheirunderstandingoftheconceptoftimeandbegintorealizethattheyareapartofahistory,whichincludespeople,places,events,andstoriesaboutthepresentandthepast.

1.Usewordstodescribetime(e.g.,yesterday,today,tomorrow).


2.Cantalkaboutrecentandpastevents. • Reflectsonpastexperiencesandappliesinformationtonewsituations (48,190)


3.Showinterestinnatureandasksquestionsaboutwhatisseenandwhathaschanged(e.g.,temperature,trees,sunlight)overtime.

• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211• Asksquestionsandseeksanswers

(32,151,156)4.Gatherinformationandlearnnewconceptsthroughexperimentationanddiscovery,makingconnectionswhattheyalreadyknow.



• Inventsnewpurposesforobjects (47,190)

5.Demonstrateanincreasingsenseofbelongingandawarenessoftheirrolesasmembersoffamilies,classrooms,andcommunities.

• Developfriendships 176• Enjoyshelpingwithhouseholdtasks

41• Developanawarenessand

appreciationoffamilyculturalstoriesandtraditions Addressedonpage152


6.Contributetotheircommunity(classroom,school,neighborhood)asageappropriate.



4.EarlyLearningExpectation:WhyWeHaveRulesandLaws.Childrenbegintolearnaboutthereasonsforrulesandlaws,theimportanceofademocraticprocess,andtheresponsibilitiesofbeingamemberofaclassroom,afamily,andacommunity

1.Growintheirunderstandingoftheneedforrulesandboundariesintheirlearningandsocialenvironment.



• WaterSafety 224• Identifysafetyhazards213

2.Begintounderstandconsequencesoffollowingandbreaking(disobeying)rules.

• NaturalConsequences201

3.Canidentifypeople(e.g.,parents,teachers,busdrivers,lunchroomhelpers)whohaveauthorityintheirhomeandearlylearningprograms(e.g.,whohelpsthemmakerules,


whotellsthemwhentheyarebreakingarule,whohelpsenforcerules).4.Showincreasingrespectfortherightsofothers.



• Toleranceofothers 845.EarlyLearningExpectation:BasicIdeasaboutEconomics.Childrenincreasetheirunderstandingabouthowbasiceconomicconceptsrelatetotheirlives.

1.Cantalkaboutsomeoftheworkersandservicesintheircommunity.


2.Cantalkaboutsomeofthewayspeopleearnaliving.


3.Begintounderstandthatpeoplepayforthingswitharepresentationofmoney(e.g.,currency,checks,debitcards,creditcards).

• Knowssomenamesofcoinsandbills(money) 25

4.Makesimplechoicesabouthowtospendmoney.

• Knowssomenamesofcoinsandbills(money) 25

6.EarlyLearningExpectation:PeopleandTheirEnvironment.Childrenincreasetheirunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirenvironmentandbegintorecognizetheimportanceoftakingcareoftheresourcesintheirenvironment.

1.Begintoidentifywhatfamiliesneedtothrive(e.g.,food,shelter,clothing,love).

• Perceivehowafamilyworks 177

2.Canparticipateinimprovingtheirenvironment(e.g.,pickuplitter,recycle,planttreesandflowers,conservelights,waterandpaper).



3.Engagesinactivitiesthatpromoteasenseofcontribution.

• Shares (41,172)

4.Respondsandrecognizesnaturallyoccurringeventsthatreinforcetheideasofchangeandtheconnectionstocaregivingoflivingthings.


• Conceptsaboutnature63• Connectingwithnature 211