Download - Œ°«MF +ƒ¥šA CŁ

Transcript

!

31"!

1#

2020$

2%

& ' ( ) & * + , -

JournalofWaterResources&WaterEngineeringVol.31No.1Feb.,2020

 

!"#$

:20190705; %&#$

:20190912'()*

:Eî

2018#$%&'(/0

(2018BEG03008);Eî`ü,Å4ã,+

(Olab,+

)/0

(NXYLXK2017A03);!")*+,-./0

(51269022)+,-.

:ª«Æ

(1996),Y

,EîX�F

,pH%IJ

,KLMN¸NOQRxs�¸Àúû%I

/0+,

:V �

(1975),Y

,Eî¬:F

,GH

,̂_

,pHJBc

,KLMN¸NOQRxs�¸Àúû%I

DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2020.01.14

©ªê°«MF«+¦¥�A��C�

¡¢£

1,J¤¥

1,| ¦

1,2,3,A§¨

(1.Eîx, <·mOlab,7

,Eî ¬:

750021;2.̧N��¦:OQR`�l�^jsab%I1u

Eî ¬:

750021;3.̧N��¦:OQR`�l�^jsPù�

,Eî ¬:

750021)

E

 F

:O-��¸�ëhOQRÂÿKLÜÝ�ÃU%ISÔ

。-¨O-��¸

,ë¦

CROPWAT8.0®�

,l

《Eîõ'|¹

》�

《EîOQR4?

》üQ¡

,'µ�±�Eîy�6

2009-2017|KL ®U�O

、�O�<

O-�

。¦ÇÈÉ

:�O-�ÅÆ¿`

,�O-�¥ñ

,<O-�¿V

。ÈÉy�6¦ ®Jª�O��O�K

�O��

,<O-�¶*ÅÆAV9�|±­

。¢¼Eö�ROQR~T��

,x" ®'Ô0¼

,Ü`�Ol�

, V­¾.��

,.ìúUOQRoÁnxU�5

,Mδ-rá$Î�OJ´$ÎU()

GHI

:OQR

;O-�

;KL¦ ®

;Eîy�6

JKCLM

:TV213.9;S27   NOPQR

:A    NSTM

:1672643X(2020)01009106

AnalysisofwaterfootprintofmaincropproductioninGuyuan,Ningxia

QIYarong1,ZHANGSizhao1,TANGLian1,2,3,CHENJiongli1

(1.SchoolofCivilandHydraulicEngineering,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China;2.EngineeringResearchCenterofMinistryofEducationfortheEffectiveUtilizationofModernAgriculturalWaterResourcesinAridAreas,Yinchuan750021,China;3.InnovativeTeamofMinistryofEducation

fortheEffectiveUtilizationofModernAgriculturalWaterResourcesinAridAreas,Yinchuan750021,China)

Abstract:Thewaterfootprinttheoryprovidesanewresearchdirectionforsolvingthewatershortageproblem.Basedonthewaterfootprinttheory,thispaperusedthedatafromNingxiaStatisticalYearbookandNingxiaWaterResourcesBulletintocalculateandanalyzetheblue,greenandgreywaterfootprintsofthemaincropsinGuyuan,Ningxia,from2009to2017,withCROPWAT8.0software.Theresultsshowedthatthebluewaterfootprintacountedforthehighestproportion,thegreenwaterfootprintcamesecond,andthegreywaterfootprintwastheleast.ItindicatedthatthewaterusedforcropproductioninGuyuanCitywasmainlybluewater,andsupplementedbygreenwater.Althoughthegraywaterfootprintisrelativelysmall,itisincreasingyearbyyear.Itisrecommendedtoadjustthelocalcropplantingpatternsaccordingtothespecificconditionsofwaterresources,inordertoincreasetheutilizationrateofgreenwater,andreducetheuserateofnitrogenfertilizer,andthereforetoachievegreaterbenefitsfromlimitedwaterresourcesandmeetfoodsecurityandwaterecologicalsecurityneeds.Keywords:waterresources;waterfootprint;maincrop;GuyuanCityofNingxia

1 ./01

áâðùUg]&@

,FnÙ&l�OQRU(

)Ê]Êx

,nTOl�UvÂ)*QRU­#

,Î

"O-�m®¿O

"U���ëh0$OQRÂÿKL

ÜÝ�45ì©íî

。Hoekstraü

[1]¨

2002|�

O-�UêÐ

, �O-��4iN?FF¤§<U

�Ò�|;8¨�UOQR¶

。Eî[s7Nâä

åUOQRÂÿöN

,O-��¸��EîëhOQ

RÂÿ�ÀEöOQR�(à�ÜÝP�

0$!FKLõhCSöNUrá ®O-�

½¾%I

。(ffü

[2]-¨O-�

,'µ�

2005-

2014|7hi

6'KLrᠮU�O��O-

,ÁÂ'CU6O-��Îi¿`�Ø|Äòì

­®��

,9O-�"T»Ð��|*���

。5

¯Zü

[3]h;vqi

2005-2015|UKLráO

-�½¾'µ�±

,ÁÂ�O-�×�O°�»µ

��Ø

,ÌÉ ®Ð�*���

;xs� ®U�O

-�Ð�»µ��

;'CU<O-�Ò�Ìi»µ

U´�

,�"T�*���

。ÑÐü

[4]'µ�;

vqiÃö

2007-2012|UráO-�

,ÁÂrá

 ®«¬�O¶�|­>

,rá�O-�Éôò¨

�O-�

,ráJªKLQó�O

,JmEö�O�

�ò%�W

。t±'ü

[5]-¨O-��¸

,h

1997-2013

|ù[6¦ ®U�O¶½¾�'µ

,¦Ç

ôØù[6O-�1�O

、�O

、<O-�Ð��|

­>��

,�¦ ®1UÑ�

、'C

、²³'ÔÅK

Lö£

,Jm7�iâ×!ráJª-öUnÄ�

�4C

。$ä´ü

[6]h

1980-2012|¢µ6¦:

O-�½¾'µjk

,¦ÇÁ¦:O-���|

»µ��

。�o�ü

[7]�±�

2000-2015|kT

EöN ®�O

、�O

、<O-�

,ÁÂØm^ò

�O-�8ÅÆÅ�­®��

,�O-��*��

,<O-���­����

。=è¶ü

[8]'µ�

±�®P6

1960-2012|'CJªO-�

,ÁÂ'

CU�O

、�O-�ÅÆ�� V

,Î<O-�ÅÆ

�»µ�´

,g¾Ê�¶U­>âBC<O-�»

µUKL�«

。!¿hx¶¦: ®O-�U%

I

,���Eö¦:'Ô¦§�À¦:OQR��

l�ÜÝ�¸QR

EîöN�OKL�¦:�K

,y�6âEî

[s7NU�ÈöN

,Y:�â1!}x5·¸'

Ô-öñ4�1!CSÈ�¹·-ö

[9],·9P-

¨O-��¸hy�6KL¦ ®U�O

、�OÀ

<O-�½¾�±

,��m�-�tg ®'Ô0

¼

,Ü`OQRl��

,hy�6ÒÓrá$Î�O

J´$Î

、ÒÓðù÷ø���&@~ì#L|í

2 ./O�PQ

Eîy�6£¨×!8<`�UhCs

,}¨

8<èIéêN

。²�xs�Ø

1500~2200mñ

ò

。ö?\]�C�

35°14″~36°38″、�ð

105°20″~106°58″[9]。

y�6}¨Óf¸Î§V

,âäåU

x:6de

,~ìRN�/º®

、îN2çff

、4

|}ñ»¼§ýx

、Ø$6Nd#

、N?�Oýþx

üÈ�

。|�Ðd§Ø

5.8~7.8℃ñò

,�O.

V

,|�O¶

306.9~737.7mm,�0�-

,Î|�

O:;�<=Ð

,��ò^6f¸

[9]。

3 ./23)RST(

3.1 ��Y9

3.1.1 sϦÐÑÒ]Ó=

、Ô=²6ª�

 1995|

,Falkenmark�ÁÛ¦:�rá$ÎKL�-�

���O

、�OUêÐ

[1],2002|

,Hoekstraü

[1]

¸½4� �Ã�O��O-� �â¶OQR§

¨U ¡

。�O-�â  ®J®¿b18§¨U

öÈO�ö*O

,J¹KL  ®J®¿b1§¨

U«ê�O¶

[10];�O-�KL  ®ØJ®¿b

1η�l�Uì��O¶

[11]。'µ4¼f*

ETblue =max(0,ETc-Peff) (1)ETgreen =min(ETc,Peff) (2)

¼1

:ETblue��O³&³¿¶

,mm;ETgreen��O

³&³¿¶

,mm;ETc� ®U³&³¿¶

,mm;Peff�ì��O¶

,mm。p

Peffx¨

ETc,�ETblue�0,

�

ETblue�ETcmPeffñý

;ETgreen¢h¨

ETcmPeff1UAÑl

�R

CROPWAT8.0®��Á©£T£ ®U

³&³¿¶

(ETc)�ì��O¶

(Peff)。ï4¼

(1)、(2)'µ�Á ®U�O

、�O³

&³¿¶

,�R ®(O¶U'µ

, ®U³&³¿

¶�� ®U(O¶

。�O-�

、�O-�4¼f

(3)、(4)8Ø

WFblue =CWRblue·A=10ETblue·A (3)WFgreen =CWRgreen·A=10ETgreen·A (4)

¼1

:WFblue、WFgreen�¯��O-�

、�O-�

,m3/a;CWR

�©£T£ ®U|(O¶

,m3/(hm2·a);A�

 ®U'ÔT£

,hm2;10�Oã

(mm)¤g�©£:

öT£O¶

(m3/hm2)U¤g��

3.1.2 sϦÐÑÒ]Õ=²6ª�

 <O-�

UêÐï

Hoekstraü

[12]¨

2008|�¥Ü�

,�ð

O-�ßW<O-�a Ñ¹æç

,ÃÌií��

)*93ÖÐ��ìU|}OM¡»�-»

,η

4iUqr®àØ8(U�OO¶

[13]。¦:Jª

!"ø.�x¶Ug¾�¦ý]Ü`¦ ®Uª

,J[#ÉU¾¡À¦ýø·�ö*å½�öÈ

îã°Xö*O�öÈOUqr

[14]。�Rhy�

6g¾.����ëÁ½

,­¾Ø8ì.�Ug¾

1ÅÆ¿x

。«m

,�­ë¬ � ®<O-�U

%I ¡

[15]。e�R·%ij

,9P<O-�'µ

ÿ��­¾hOM°XUqr

,eì��ÌϦý

29                 & ' ( ) & * + , -

                 2020$

hOMUij

 ®<O-�'µ4¼f*

[16]:

WFgrey =L

Cmax-Cnat=·ApplCmax-Cnat

(5)

¼1

:WFgrey�<O-�

,m3/a;L�|ª¶

,kg/a;�­¾U½!�

;Appl�­¾.�¶

,kg/a;Cmax��ì|}OM¡»*­ë¬U¿`��ÖÐ

kg/m3;Cnat�)*5�*OT1­ë¬UM¶Ö

Ð

,kg/m3。�R

《ï4¥Î!qrR%þ

-¦:qrR¾

¡ã!��ÚB

》í묽!�Ñi�

10%[15];

Cmaxl�R

《öÈO|}M¶¡»

》(GB3838-2002)

1U Ⅲ ³O¡»Ñi�

0.01kg/m3[17];Cnatl!"�i�

0[17]。3.1.3 

sϦÐÑÒ]Ö=²6ª�

  ®J®

6O-�â  ®Ø"�J®¿b18l�U6O

QR¶

,ÙÚì��O

(�O

)、])öÈåö*U

«¬�O

(�O

)�Àï­¾8åÊUqrO

(<

O

),Ì�jk ®Jª¿b1OQR§¨À�O

��U&� ¡

[18],'µ4¼f*

[19]:

WF6

=WFgreen+WFblue+WFgrey (6)¼1

:WF6

�<O-�

,m3/a;WFgreen、WFblue、WFgrey�¯��O-�

、�O-�

、<O-�

,m3/a。3.2 

����

KL¦ ®U�'T£

、ª¶Àg¾.���

Ð]R¨

《Eîõ'|¹

(2009-2017)》;l�

CROPWAT8.0®�'µ8(�R]R¨»�!r

¦¹{U

CROP�Rô

、CLIMATE2.0�Rô

(http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/en/);

Eîy�6de�R

([¿`d§

[¿òd§

、�ÐcÐ

、�Ð(]

、�0:�

)]R

¨

《Eîõ'|¹

(2009-2017)》�1!d��R

ß

(http://data.cma.cn/);y�6KL¦ ®

(5

·¸

、¾¡

、'C

、¿Ç³

、²³

、Ñ�

)ª¶�R]

《Eîõ'|¹

(2009-2017)》。

4 ­vp1234yx¾&56ÇÎ

)67

4.1 MF«+¦8¬3­bcC�

�R

《Eîõ'|¹

(2009-2017)》8õ'U

Eîy�6UKL¦ ®�'T£ÀÌfg���

À

2017|ÃKL¦ ®�'T£8ÅÆ#�¯µ

1�

2。ï¶

1��K�

:2009-2017|

,y�6KL

 ®|Ð�'T£�xÑ���

:5·¸

、'C

、Ñ

、²³

、¾¡ ®�À¿Ç³

。2009-2016|

,5

·¸U'ÔT£4³£4ï

1,9���|*��

;Ñ�U�'T£Ø

2010|¿x

,)m�

�=¸ VU��

;'CU�'T£��Ì­®�

;¾¡ ®m²³'ÔT£fg��óâ���

­®�*���

,=YU⾡ ®M

2012|Ù3

��Éô*���

,β³M

2016|Ù3��*�

��

,Ømñ$Ð�Ìi»µ��

;¿Ç³U'ÔT

£¿Ñ�fg��=Éô

ï¶

2��K�

:2017|'CU'ÔT£¿

x

,�

8.98×104hm2,Å6'ÔT£U

36%;5·¸

'ÔT£ÿ¥¨'C

,�

7.21×104hm2,Å6'Ô

T£U

29%;��

4.17×104hm2,Å6'ÔT£

U

17%;²³'ÔT£�

3.19×104hm2,Å6'Ô

T£U

13%;¾¡ ®U'ÔT£�

1.61×104

hm2,Å6'ÔT£U

6%;¿ÇU'ÔT£�

0.01×104hm2,

Å6'ÔT£U

0.1%。Eîy�6r

á ®�'T£Å6'ÔT£U

81%,ï`�ÌÏ

 ®U'ÔT£

;ðù ®Å6�'T£U

19%,Ì1KL�²³

。ïm��Á�Eîy�6¦:â

�rᠮ�K

、ðù ®��U'Ô¦§

4.2 MF«+¦A��C�

4.2.1 �×ØsÏÓ=²6/0

 �R4¼

(1)�

(3),ë¦

CROPWAT8.0®�h ®U�O-�½¾

,'µ¦ÇfÈ

18Ø

ïÈ

1��Á�

:2015|y�6U�O-�¿

`

,J�ÈÉ

2015|«¬�O¶¿`

。Ì¥�

2011|

,2013|¿ò

。2015|ÃKL ®1

,¿ÇU�O

-�¿ò

,�

0.0075×108m3,Å

2015|y�66�

O-�U

0.065%;5·¸U�O-�¿`

,�

4.3937×108m3,

Å

2015|6�O-�U

38.28%,JKLâ

ï¨5·¸U'ÔT£�8ì ®1¿x

,«m8�

U«¬O¶¿#

;Ì¥â'C�

2.5108×108m3,Å

2015|6�O-�U

21.87%;�U�O-��

1.7428×108m3,¾¡ ®U�O-��

1.5800×108

m3,²³U�O-��

1.2435×108m3,ÅÆ�¯�

15.18%、13.77%、10.83%。2011|ÃKL ®1

¿ÇU�O-�¿ò

,�

0.0091×108m3,Å

2011|

6�O-�U

0.084%;5·¸U�O-�¿`�

3.9614×108m3,8ÅÆ#�

36.72%;Ì¥âÑ��

2.9330×108m3,ÅÆ�

27.19%;'Câ

1.2380×108

m3,¾¡ ®â

1.8373×108m3,²³â

0.8085×108

m3,�¯Å

2015|6�O-�U

11.48%、17.03%、

39!

1#

             789

,;

::;­vp1234yx¾&5667

7.49%。4.2.2 

�×ØsÏÔ=²6/0

 �R4¼

(2)�

(4),ë¦

CROPWAT8.0®�h ®U�O-�

½¾'µ

,'µ¦ÇfÈ

28Ø

 K

1 ©ªê°«MF«+¦®�8¬3­�kÍÎ

   K

2 2017�©ªê°«MF«+¦8¬3­�vr¯

d

1 ©ªê°«

2009-2017�gMF«+¦°A��

108m3

|� Ñ� 'C 5·¸ ¾¡ ® ²³ ¿Ç �' �ú

2009 3.5751 0.8147 3.3360 1.5568 0.4774 0.0017 9.7617 4

2010 3.3290 1.0020 3.4275 1.3654 0.4564 0 9.5802 5

2011 2.9330 1.2380 3.9614 1.8373 0.8085 0.0091 10.7872 2

2012 2.6138 0.9440 2.7417 2.7417 0.7950 0.0001 9.8362 3

2013 2.7475 0.5523 1.7457 1.1116 0.5085 0 6.6656 9

2014 2.0198 1.5578 2.9689 1.5389 1.0225 0.0023 9.1103 7

2015 1.7428 2.5108 4.3937 1.5800 1.2435 0.0075 11.4782 1

2016 1.8380 1.8036 3.2714 1.3178 1.0038 0 9.2346 6

2017 1.3092 1.9517 1.8618 0.7083 0.8386 0 6.6696 8

d

2 ©ªê°«

2009-2017�gMF«+¦±A��

108m3

|� Ñ� 'C 5·¸ ¾¡ ® ²³ ¿Ç �' �ú

2009 0.6933 0.8493 2.9637 0.8240 0.1966 0.0170 5.5440 8

2010 1.3133 1.0270 3.1736 0.9287 0.4005 0.0193 6.8623 4

2011 0.8751 1.0051 3.0077 0.8539 0.2700 0.0234 6.0353 7

2012 0.7111 1.3894 3.4717 0.5952 0.3826 0.0211 6.5711 5

2013 0.9356 2.1250 4.8433 1.4432 0.8471 0.0240 10.2183 1

2014 1.0076 1.8543 3.3502 1.1056 0.7234 0.0252 8.0663 2

2015 0.9568 1.0343 1.7158 0.5457 0.4516 0.0129 4.7172 9

2016 0.7055 1.8672 2.8982 0.8312 0.7100 0.0187 7.0309 3

2017 0.6402 2.4789 2.0161 0.4553 0.4835 0.0032 6.0773 6

  ïÈ

2��K�

:2013|y�66�O-�¿

`

,Jm¦ ®U'ÔT£ò%�W

ï¶

1õ'�½

,2013|y�6¦ ®'ÔT

£�

2009-2017|1¿x

。�O-�Kâ  ®

ØJ®&j¿b1η�l�Uì��O¶

,J�

ÈÉ

2013|y�6)*�O¶¿`

。Ì¥�

2014|

,2015|¿ò

。2013|ÃKL ®1

,¿ÇU�

O-�¿ò

,�

0.0240×108m3,Å

2013|6�O

-�U

0.23%;5·¸U�O-�¿`

,�

4.8433×108m3,

Å

2013|U

47.40%,JYÖâï¨5·

¸U'ÔT£�¿x

;Ì¥â'C�

2.1250×108

m3,Å

2013|�O-�U

20.80%;¾¡ ®â

1.4432×108m3,ÅÆ�

14.12%,²³mÑ�U�

O-��ýAÑ

,�¯�

0.8471×108�

0.9356×108m3,

ÅÆ�¯�

8.30%�

9.16%。2014|ÃK

L ®1

,¿ÇU�O-�¿ò

,�

0.0252×108

49                 & ' ( ) & * + , -

                 2020$

m3,ÅÆ�

0.31%;5·¸U�O-�¿`

,�

3.3502×108m3,8ÅÆÅ�

41.53%;Ì¥'C�

1.8543×108m3,ÅÆ�

22.99%;¾¡ ®

、Ñ�m

²³8ÅÆÅ£�ï

3、ï

4、ï

5£

,�¯�

13.71%、12.49%、8.97%。4.2.3 

�×ØsÏÓ

、Ô

、Õ=²6Ù;.ÚÛÜ

/0

 Eîy�6

2009-2017|KL¦ ®�

、<

、6O-�fg��µ¶

3ÀÈ

3。

K

3 ©ªê°«

2009-2017�MF«+¦A���kÍÎ

ï¶

3(a)�È

3�½

:y�66O-��

2016|��_

,ñ$��øÌÊR9ÌiØ

21×108m3

Áý

,ñ�

2017|��´

17.717×108m3。h¨�

O-�]^

,2013|¿ò

,�

6.6656×108m3,2015|¿`

,�

11.4782×108m3。�O-�Ø

2009-2012

|Ò�ÌiøÌ��

,2013|Æ

2012|*�

�Ë

32%,2014-2015|¸^�­®�

72%�»

ÎM

2016-2017|¸��*���

。h¨�O-

�]^

,2009-2012|�âÒ�ÌiøÌ��

,9

Ðò¨�O-�

,JÈÉئ:�O1)*�O¶

V¨«¬�O

;2013|�O-�v¿x

,�O

-�¿Ñ

,̂É

2013|�l�U)*�O¶¿#

Ϋ¬�O¶¿V

;2013-2015|

,�O-�Uf

g���m�O-��y

,�*����*�´¿

ò$

4.7172×108m3,Jâï¨

2015|U�O¶â

¿ÑU

。Î

2016̧µ`´

7.0309×108m3,2017|

¸ñì*�

。JÈÉØ´-¦ ®4i(O¶U$

Ü*

,)*�O¶#U:e«¬�Oì8 V

,)*

�O¶VU:egÁ­>«¬�O¶

,̈Zm§À

®

。h¨<O-�]^

,8§¨UO¶Ñ¨�O-

���O-�

,9#|Ò�Ìi­®��

。×

2011-2012

|�

2017|<O-�ñ½*�Ø

,ÌÏ|

�<O-�Ð�­®��

。J^ÉÇ|]y�6¦

:Jª1g¾U.��ì8­>

ï¶

3(b) ®U�O-��±��K�

,Y'

 ®Ø=Y|�U�O-��=�Y

。h¨Ñ�]

^

,2009|�O-�¿x

,ÌÉ|����|*�

��

,̂Éï¨Ñ�'ÔT£U V

,l�U«¬O

�áñ V

;h¨'C�5·¸]^

,�' ®

2015|U�O-�óv¿`

,ÈÉ8(LU«¬

�O¶¿#

,2013|¿ò

。¾¡ ®

2012|U�

O-�v¿x

,²³Ø

2015|v¿x

,Jâï

¨

2012|¾¡U'ÔT£v¿x

,2015|²³

U'ÔT£v¿x

。¿Ç³ï¨'ÔT£ÕV

'µU�O-�ÆǨ

0,·=½¾�±

ï¶

3(c) ®U�O-��±�Á

,Y' ®

Ø=Y|�U�O-��=�Y

。h¨Ñ�]^

2010|�O-�v¿x

,J�

2010|�

U'ÔT£�¿x

。ÌÉ|�fg=x

。h¨'C

�5·¸]^

,�' ®

2013|U�O-�Ð�¿

`

,ÈÉ�l�U)*�O¶¿#

,2015|¿òå

,J¥mmY|�O-��y

。h¨¾¡ ®

m²³]^

,YÖØ

2013|�O-�v¿xl

�«â

2013|U�O�¿xl

&»8¼

,�´- ®4i(O¶UL)

,E8

l�U«¬O¶ò:

,(L�l�Uì��O¶g

`

,yñ�l�Uì��O¶ò

;h¨=Y|�]

^

,�O-�m�O-�Ò�ø{¼&@��

,m§

À®

,|�Õ�

;h¨=YU ®

,ï¨'ÔT£�

À�l�U�O¶=Y

,�O-�m�O-�fg

���=\�Y

;<O-�¶�¶»ïò¨�O�

�O-�

,9���|­®��

,̂Éy�6�Ü`

r᪶­>�g¾U.�¶

,MÎ�¨ V<Ó

�OTqr8§¨U�OQR¶gø­#

,°XO

59!

1#

             789

,;

::;­vp1234yx¾&5667

QRl���ò

d

3 ©ªê°«

2009-2017�MF«+¦°

±

、�

、�A��

108m3

|� �O-� �O-� <O-� 6O-�

2009 9.7617 5.5440 4.56 19.866

2010 9.5802 6.8623 4.78 21.223

2011 10.7872 6.0353 4.51 21.332

2012 9.8362 6.5711 4.46 20.867

2013 6.6656 10.2183 4.70 21.584

2014 9.1103 8.0663 4.94 22.117

2015 11.4782 4.7172 4.99 21.185

2016 9.2346 7.0309 5.14 21.406

2017 6.6696 6.0773 4.97 17.717

4.2.4 �×ØsÏÓ

、Ô

、Õ=²6ÝH/0

 E

îy�6

2009-2017|KL¦ ®U�O-�Å

 ®Jª6O-�UÆÅ�

44%,�O-�ÅÆ�

33%,<O-�ÅÆ�

23%。�O-�Ø ®Jª

O-�1Åt�

,8ÅÆÅ`¨�O�<O-�

,J

ÈÉy�6¦ ®U'ÔKL]R¨«¬O

,��

���O�K

、�O��U¦ ®Jª�O�ù

<O-�Å ®JªO-�UÆÅ�hA`

,ÈÉ

0$g¾U.�UX�y�6O|}rgU#L�

«ñ4

4.3 F

 4

Eîy�6ðù&@â�¦:�K

,¦ ®U

'Ô¦§h¨Eîy�6¦:OQR����~ì

#LUij

。9PhEîy�6KL¦ ®UO-

�½¾�2�'µ

,-¨O-��¸�±��O

、�

OÀ<O-�8ÅÆ#�ÀÃ�O-�#|fg�

,xÝ�Ã�O-�Øy�6¦ ®'Ô¿b1

Uij

,hEîy�6¦:OQRl�ì4iUP

�kl

¢¼Ø¦:«ê�O��U5�*

,¢£�O

å¦:'Ô0¼

, V`¨O¦ ®U'Ô

,Ü`)

*�OUl��

,¿xúÐöÜ`­¾l���

、 

V­¾Ø.�¿b1U#!

,9âï¨ÿ�n>i

ëUðù�R�­¾.��R

,õhy�6U<O

-��±ÔóØ4iU=-ñ�

,Ìݸ¦ÇÔó

Ø4ibÐUùú6

,Ã]hEîy�6KL¦ 

®O-�U%IÔ(Ln�iëUOQRQ¡�Ì

Ïðù�W�R

,�êoÁnmU¦Ç]yzÄö

NUn��

5 4

 @

9PØO-��¸U-�»

,ë¦

CROPWAT8.0

®�

,l�

《Eîõ'|¹

》�

《EîOQ

R4?

》üQ¡

,hEîy�6KL ®U�O-

���O-�½¾�'µ

,�hy�6U<O-�

½¾�%I

,ÁÂ�*¦¸

(1)Eîy�6

2009-2017|KL¦ ®�

Ð'ÔT£�T£xÑ���

:5·¸

>'C

>Ñ

>²³

>¾¡ ®

>¿Ç³

。ÈÉy�6¦ ®

'ÔKL�rá ®�K

,ðù ®��

(2)�±

2009-2017|Eîy�6KL¦ 

®U�O

、�O

、<O-��Ã�O-�#|­®�

�ÀÌ8ÅÆ#

,¦ÇÈÉ

:�O-�ÅÆ¿x

,�

O-�¥ñ

,̂Éy�6¦ ®J®(OKL])

«¬O

,Ì¥â)*�O

,)*�OUl���hA

ò

;Ø´- ®4i(O¶UL):

,E�O-�`

:

,�O-���ò

,yñ�O-�µ`

。�Om�

O-�m§À®

,9"T��Ò�Ìi&@

(3)hy�6U<O-�½¾'µ�±

,ÁÂ

<O-�¶ÅÆ¿V

,fg"�=x

,9^|Ò�

­®U��

。JÈÉy�6�Òb¦ ®Uª¶Î

x¶.�g¾

,hO|}mOJ´$ΰX�4i

Uij

wxNO

[1]HOEKSTRAAY,HUNGPQ.Virtualwatertrade:Proceedingsoftheinternationalexpertmeetingonvirtualwatertrade[J].WaterScience&Technology,2002,49(11):203-209.

[2](ff

,VÑO

,@�Á

,ü

.7hiKLrá ®JªO-

�%I

[J].f¸NQRm|}

,2018,32(3):133-137.[3]

5¯Z

,FGýn

.;vqiKLrá ®

"O-�

"�

±

[J].¦:ðù

,2018(5):13-15.[4]

Ñ Ð

,V Â

,=NÃ

,ü

.O-�¸Ï*;vqiráJ

ª�O�±

[J].¦:ä¨,?

,2017,48(6):184-192.[5]

t±'

,Kµ$

,ÑNý

,ü

.-¨¦ ®O-�Uù[

6¦:�Ojk

[J].OQRmOab,?

,2017,28(3):228-233.

[6]$ä´

,( Ê

,4�

,ü

.¢µ

1980-2012|¦:O-

�À¦§fgÈ�

[J].f¸NQRm|}

,2015,29(6):133-138.

[7]�o�

,=ÃJ

,8ø�

,ü

.kTE ®O-�:;�

<È�Àij«?�±

[J].[OCxmOl+ú

2018,16(4):26-34.

(789

103:

69                 & ' ( ) & * + , -

                 2020$

agentforhightemperatureapplications[J].SPEJournal,2011,16(3):559-574.

[6]4 ù

.���Ö¾þ½Ø�gT�%I

[J].9¾ga

t�

,2019,38(4):51-54+76.[7]

¹aÓ

.��Ø�ga z1U �

[J].ÍAzmæ

Az

,2000,17(5):13-15.[8]

V¥J

,4ÃZ

,>þÿ

.4'`§���gê0T�

U%Imjk

[J].9¾mN*dga

,2004,33(6):430-432+3.

[9]� ï

,áad

.ñ�¨`§���ÖY¤×gê]�z

T�%I

[J].cRga

,2018,39(2):50-54.[10]ZAKARIAAS,NASR-EL-DINHA.Anovelpoly

merassistedemulsifiedacidsystemimprovestheefficiencyofcarbonatematrixacidizing[J].SPEJournal,2016,21(3):1061-1074.

[11]XH2

,V ø

.OCèI7NȤö*O8O6ü3

(�x±

———�éO�7öN�Å

[J].QR|}m

ab

,2015,29(6):830-834.[12]

=ä/

,VQ!

,@Hý

,ü

.OC�#ÿONö*O

8%0¼mrOn1

[J].QR|}mab

,2014,28(6):899-903.

[13]",�

,eo#

,�HW

.OCèI7NfMÖ

-ÖÜ

ÖNö*O8%��mÝO0¼%I

[J].QR|}

mab

,2018,32(1):78-83.[14]FINGARM,JACKSONJ.Applicationofcorrosionin

hibitorsforsteelsinacidicmediafortheoilandgasindustry:Areview[J].CorrosionScience,2014,86:17-41.

[15]ª E

,=üt

,SÉý

,ü

.-¨���Ö�gA0W

´U�z¿tL�]Ð_ú

[J].1!9¾x,,?

()*+,P

),2017,41(5):117-122.[16]

4 �

.ÊË̳ê0ðê0ä�U�¸%I

[D].C

k

:1!9¾x,

檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵檵

2008.

(v�9

96:

[8]=è¶

,uXÙ

,e$%

.®P6'CJªO-�:úf

gÀij«¬%I

[J].�Ccx,?

()*+,P

),

2017,49(2):120-126.[9]

=&a

.hCf¸N?OQRà�

———�y�6�Å

[J].Z[+ú

,2013(13):181.[10]

@ '

.-¨O-�UEî1sf¸Vú8«N'Ô:

¦§tg

[D].¬:

:Eîx,

,2018.[11]

. (

,è�v

,̀Ã2

,ü

.Ã�KL¦ ®JªO-�

%I

[J].f¸öN¦:%I

,2018,36(6):243-249.[12]HOEKSTRAAY,CHAPAGAINAK,ALDAYAM,et

al.Thewaterfootprintassessmentmanual:Settingtheglobalstandard[M].London,UK:EarthScan,2011.

[13]t ]

,8óJ

,V);

.��:òìÐU<O-�íµ

mjk

———�*Zx+³Oô»g÷�Å

[J].®q+

,77?

,2018,35(7):40-45.[14]

=²;

,ß Æ

,ôOO

,ü

.Eî1sf¸VKLrá

 ®JªO-��±

[J].¦:+,%I

,2016,37(2):20-24.

[15]=²;

.-¨O-�UEî1sf¸V¦:¦§tg

[D].¬:

:Eîx,

,2016.[16]

¨ X

,4þ:

.7�iRÑ�î'C ®JªO-�%

I

[J].OycR+,

,2013,31(12):202-203+213.[17]

eÿÿ

,Vs!

,@��

.kTEöNKL¦ ®JªO

-�%I

[J].OQRÒÑ

,2018,34(2):22-27+33.[18]

.2b

,4�>

.qriKL¦ ®UJªO-�%I

[J].OQRmOab,?

,2016,27(1):232-237.[19]

rÉ2

,4 ,

,-©d

.F°iKL¦ ®UJªO-

�%I

[J].f¸NQRm|}

,2012,26(7):26-30.

301!

1#

           > ?

,;

:@AýB&CDE³³�F¾*4GEk¸./