8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
1/52
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
2/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:003.6 x103 km
00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
UsingScrap
Paper
Menentukan pusat gempa dengan
perbedaan waktu P dan S
The Completed Process
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
3/52
Menentukan pusat gempa dengan perbedaan
waktu P dan S
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
AB
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Start SimpleDraw a Line Down From the P-Wave to the Time Scale
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
4/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
AB
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Judge what time the P-wave starts
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
5/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
AB
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:16 17 18 19
A Quarter after 8 OClock! And No Seconds!
A zoom-in shows P-wave starting at approximately 08:16:00
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
6/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Put that value in the appropriate box
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
7/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
8/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)
-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)
Calculate the interval between the two wave arrivals at the seisomgraph
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
9/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)
-08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)
00:05:00 (Time Difference)( 0 Hours, 5 Minutes, 0 Seconds )
Enter that time in the appropriate box
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
10/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Go to page 11 of your Earth Science Reference Tables for the chart shown above
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
11/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Use the P-S Wave time interval to figure out the distance to the epicenter
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
12/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Place Marks at
P-S Wave Interval
Time and at 0.
Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
13/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Scrap Paper
Slide paper up
and over until the
reference marksLine up with the
P and S Lines.
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
14/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Scrap Paper
Lightly, make a
reference mark in pencil
on the reference table
at this place on the P line.
For convenience, make a light pencil mark on the P line for use in the next step
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
15/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00
B
C
Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.
.2 . 4 .6 .8
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
16/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km
B
C
Lightly, make
reference marks in pencil
On the reference table
at these two places .
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
17/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km
B
C
Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value
00:06:40
00:06:20
TravelTime(minutes)
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
18/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20
B
C
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
19/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20
B
C
ERASE YOUR MARK!
Erase your pencil mark on the P-wave to keep your reference table clean
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
20/52
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
21/52
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
22/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20
B
C
08:15:60 (1 min. is 60 sec)
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
- 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)
Convert hours to minutes or minutes to seconds when necessary
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
23/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B
C
08:15:60 (1 min. is 60 sec)
08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)
- 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)
08:09:40 (Time at Origin)
Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box
Fi di th E i t f
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
24/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C
UsingScrap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
25/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00
C
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
26/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00
C
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
27/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00
C
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Use the P-S Wave time interval to set reference marks for the sliding step
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
28/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
29/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
30/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
31/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
32/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
33/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
34/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Follow the same overall process for Station C
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
35/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
36/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Repeat the same process for the S-wave.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
37/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Use the P-S Wave time interval and the y axis of the reference table
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
38/52
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
39/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00
UsingSc
rap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
40/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km
UsingScrap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
41/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20
UsingScrap
Paper
Finding the Epicenter of an
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times
Finding the Epicenter of an
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
42/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
UsingScrap
Paper
g p
Earthquake Using the Difference in
Time Between the P and the S Wave
Calculate and place the time of earthquake in the proper box
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
43/52
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through
the earthquake epicenter, in
this case, the San Andreas fault
in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Use the Station info to locate the epicenter of the earthquake on a map
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
44/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
On the Station Map, Find Station A
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
45/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Find Station B
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
46/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Find Station C
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
47/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
48/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Station
Arrival Time of
P-Wave
Arrival Time of
the S-Wave
P-S Wave
Interval
Distance to the
Epicenter
P-Wave Travel
Time
Origin Time of
Earthquake
A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40
B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40
C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40
Distance to the
Epicenter
3.6 x103 km
5.0 x103 km
7.6 x103 km
Distance to the
Epicenter
3,600km
5,000km
7,600km
or
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
Station
A
B
C
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Convert scientific notation for the distance to the epicenter for each station
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
49/52
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Using the scale bar below as the
reference, scribe a circle around
the three points using a
compass, string, or scrap paper.
3600 km
Distance to the
Epicenter
3,600km
5,000km
7,600km
Station
AB
C
Scribe the arc for Station A using the map scale distance
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
50/52
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
51/52
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through
the earthquake epicenter, in
this case, the San Andreas fault
in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Distance to the
Epicenter
3,600km
5,000km
7,600km
Station
AB
C
If the distance is longer than the scale, use scrap paper to extend the scale.
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
8/12/2019 Menentukan pusat gempa
52/52
$Z
$Z
$Z
A
C
B
0 5000 km
Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave
3600 km
All three arcs must pass through
the earthquake epicenter, in
this case, the San Andreas fault
in California, USA.
Using scrap paper.
Where the three arcs cross is the epicenterCircle it!
Top Related