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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Mfgjhre Mi`fc fmohgkvghg
Ohke mfrflh uhgk lfofohzhg mfrv~hlhg jeph
jeph uhgk mhzeb zhmhr-zhmhr hg ohkemfrflh
uhgk jvlv~ ofrvgpvgk mfmeceleguh#~frvohbhg
ofzhr ege mfgkbh`erlhg mhzhchb ohrv `hg
dvkh
~fcvhgk ohrv zfrph bhrh~hg ohrv
"Zif`dhpmili%
Mfgkh~h leph mfgkhjhvlhg ~fmohgkvghg `fgkhg ~frpvmovbhg fligime9 Pfgpv zhdh
irhgk hlhg zvlhr mfgkhphlhg ohb{h zepvhze uhgk `ecvlezlhg icfb zf~frhgklhp ~riuflze-
~riuflze epv cfoeb `ezvlhe `hre~h`h uhgk `e~frcebhplhg icfb zf~frhgklhp chegguh# bhguhlhrfgh uhgk ~frphmh mfgjhlv~ ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph uhgk cfoeb pegkke' Ohkhemhgh~vg#
`hchm ~fgkfrpehg h~h Harelh Zfchphg cfoeb mhdv `hre~h`h Kbhgh# hphv Lv{hep `hre~h`h_f~vocel Fmerhp Hrho# hphv Hmfrelh Zfrelhp `hre~h`h Z{f`eh9
Zhchb zhpv ~fgdfchzhg h`hchb ~fg`h~hp ghzeighc h`hchb zvhpv eg`elhpir uhgk ~hcegk mv`hb`hg fghl `e~frkvghlhg' ^hrh ~icepeze mfgfmvlhg zfovhb vlvrhg lim~rfbfgzea epv
ofrkvgh# lbvzvzguh uhgk ~hcegk zf`elep zhpv phbvg pfrchmohp' ^hrh fligim `ecfgklh~e
`fgkhg zfovhb qhrehofc uhgk `h~hp `elvhgpeaelhze `hg kfrhlhg-kfrhlhg `e `hchmguh `h~hp`ehghcezez mfgdh`e ~frvohbhg-~frvohbhg `hchm ivp~vp zflpirhc# ofzhrguh ahlpir hphv
lhpfkire-lhpfkire ~fgkfcvhrhg# mfmovhp ligzprvlze mi`fc mfgdh`e mvgkleg'
Leph `h~hp# pfgpvguh# lfmohce ~h`h `hchm `vkhhg `hchm ~fgegklhphg ~fg`h~hphgghzeighc# oech jvlv~ jf~hp# jf~hp hphv chmohp mfgkhrhb ~h`h ~fmfjhbhg mhzhchb-
mhzhchb zizehc `hg ~icepel' Pfph~e ~fgkhchmhg ~h`h `flh`f pfrhlber ege mfmovhp
lf~frjhuhhg ege phm~hl hkhl gha' Lrezez zizehc `hg ~frkichlhg-~frkichlhg ~icepelmvgjvc `e gfkhrh-gfkhrh `hchm zfpeh~ phbh~hg ~fmohgkvghg' Cfoeb `hre~h`h epv# leph
`h~hp mfcebhp ohb{h bhc ege mfgem~h gfkhrh-gfkhrh uhgk mfmecele ~fgegklhphg
~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph uhgk jf~hp# dvkh gfkhrh-gfkhrh `fgkhg fligime uhgk mhg`fl'^h`h lfguhphgguh# pfrcebhp zfhlhg-hlhg ~frpvmovbhg fligime pe`hl bhguh oezh khkhc
mfmfjhblhg lfzvcephg-lfzvcephg zizehc `hg ~icepel< pe~f-pe~f pfrpfgpv ~frpvmovbhg `h~hp
mfgufoholhg lfzvcephg-lfzvcephg epv pfrdh`e'
Zflhrhgk lfpelh lim~cflzephz mhzhchb-mhzhchb ~fmohgkvghg mfgdh e zfmhleg dfchz#
pfrvz ofrlfrhz bhguh mfgkkvghlhg zfovhb eg elhpir hkrfkhpea zhdh# {hchv~vg ovlpe
mfgvgdvllhg cheg# mfgvgdvllhg h`hguh lflfcervhg' Uhepv phm~hl zfohkhe zelh~ uhgkcfoeb zvlh mfgkbeg`hre mhzhchb-mhzhchb reec`hchm ~fmohgkvghg'
8[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
@faegeze ^fmohgkvghg
@hchm mfg`ezlvzelhg phgphgkhg uhgk leph bh`h~e zflhrhgk# leph bhrvz mfcfguh~lhglhovp uhgk mfgkfcecegke lhph ~fmohgkvghg `hg mfgfgpvlhg zfjhrh cfoeb pf~hp# h~h
uhgk leph mhlzv` `fgkhg ~fmohgkvghg pfrzfovp' Bhguh `fgkhg `fmelehg leph `h~hp
mfgfmvlhg phrkfp-phrkfp hphv eg`elhpir-eg`elhpir uhgk ofrhrpe# zfbegkkh mfm~frohelelfoedhlzhghhg ghzeighc `hg egpfrghzeighc'
Pepel gecheguh h`hchb ohb{h leph pe`hl `h~hp mfgkbeg`hre h~h uhgk `erfmfblhg ~hrh ~izepeqez zfovphg ~frpemohgkhg geche' ^fmohgkvghg ~hzpe mfrv~hlhg zvhpv ligzf~
girmhpea# bhm~er mfrv~hlhg zvhpv zegigem `fgkhg ~fgegklhphg' ^hg`hgkhg zfohcelguh
dvzprv mfgufmovguelhg zvhpv ~frpemohgkhg geche zfzfirhgk'
Pfph~e `hre mhgh ~frpemohgkhg-~frpemohgkhg ege `ehmoec9 Dh{hohg ligqfgzeighc# uhgk
icfb Pegkfrofg `epfremh vgpvl zezpfm ~frfgjhghg fligimeguh h`hchb `fgkhg mfmhlhe
geche-geche uhgk `e~hlhe icfb ~fmfregphb' ^fmfregphb zv`hb zfmfzpeguh mfm~vguhe zvhpv
~hg`hgkhg uhgk hkhl ofrdhgklh ~fg`fl# `hchm ofofrh~h bhc uhgk zhgkhp zfregk zflhcepe`hl mfm~frbepvgklhg mhzh `f~hg' Cfoeb zfrevz chke# ofofrh~h ~fmfregphb epv zfg`ere
h`hchb bhmohphg vphmh ohke ~fmohgkvghg# mfgvrvp ofrohkhe `faegeze uhgk mhzvl hlhc#`hg oech bhc ege `ehlve# `e mhgh zfzfirhgk mfm~fricfb picil vlvr uhgk `fgkhgguh
zhzhrhg `hg pvdvhg ~fmfregphb `egeche9 Mfzle~vg mezhcguh ~fmfregphbhg pfrzfovp
mf{hlece zfjhrh mfmh`he' @hchm ofofrh~h zfke# zelh~-zelh~ lfrhluhphg# ~fmfregphb ege
fg`ikfg "ofrh`h `e `hchm% ohke ~rizfz ~fmohgkvghg `hg lhrfgh epv `h~hp mfmofrelhgzfovhb hchp vgpvl mfgeche ~fmohgkvghg pfrzfovp'
Zvhpv ~fg`flhphg cheg h`hchb mfgerv chgklhb-chgklhb ~fmohgkvghg gfkhrh-gfkhrh cheg#uhgk zfjhrh em~cezep ofrhrpe mfgfph~lhg lig`eze-lig`eze gfkhrh-gfkhrh pfrzfovp `f{hzh
ege zfohkhe pvdvhg' Egechb uhgk zf`hgk `echlvlhg ~hrh ~fmohgkvghg mi`fc lfpelh
mfgkhmoec lifaezefglifaezefg `hre zfovhb hghcezez zechgk egpfrghzeighc# hphv `hre avgkze-avgkze uhgk jijil `fgkhg ~fgkhchmhg zfovhb gfkhrh eg`vzpre' Ghmvg bhguh zf`elep# oech
mfmhgk h`h# gfkhrhgfkhrh lhuh uhgk ghm~hl ~h`h `vgeh cvhr zfohkhe mi`fc-mi`fc
uhgk `eegkeglhg' Ofofrh~h hz~fl zf~frpe pegklhp ligzvmze mfrflh# phm~hlguh mfmovhpere# pfph~e bhc ege ofrbvovgkhg# mvgkleg pe`hl `h~hp `e~ezhblhg# `fgkhg lfovrvlhg-
lfovrvlhg zf~frpe ~frmvlemhg lvmvb `e liph-liph# pflhghg ~frelhghg# ~fgjfmhrhg `hg
lfpfkhgkhg lrigel' @e zhm~egk epv# zhmh zflhce pe`hl dfchz hphv ohblhg pe`hl mvgkleg
ohkehg zezh `vgeh cheggguh `h~hp mfgkelvpe dhchg zfdhrhb gfkhrh-gfkhrh eg`vzpre#mfzle~vg mfrflh mfgkegkeglhgguh'
Oech geche-geche pe`hl `h~hp `epfmvlhg `hchm ~icepel `hg zfdhrhb# h~hlhb ege ofrhrpe ohb{h
mhzegk-mhzegk leph `eoehrlhg vgpvl mfgkh`i~ze zf~frhgklhp geche leph zfg`ere9 Vgpvgkjhrh `fmelehg pe`hl ~frcv' Pfgpv zhdh geche-geche uhgk leph ovpvblhg pfrofgphgk `e `f~hg
leph# zfkfrh zfpfchb leph ofrphguh ~h`h `ere leph# zuhrhp-zuhrhp h~h uhgk `e~frcvlhg ohke
zvhpv pvdvhg uhgk oezh `epfremh zfjhrh vgeqfrzhc# uhepv rfhcezhze ~ipfgze lf~reoh`ehgmhgvzeh'
Oech leph ofrphguh h~h lfovpvbhg uhgk hozicvp vgpvl ege# zhpv dh{hohg uhgk dfchz h`hchb
jvlv~guh mhlhghg' @e oh{hb pegklhp pfrpfgpv gvpreze "kete%# zfirhgk mhgvzeh lflvrhgkhg
?[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
pe`hl bhguh fgfrke uhgk `e~frcvlhg oh`hg `hg lfzfbhphg uhgk ohel# pfph~e dvkh megemhc
~h`h bhc-bhc chegguh `e zhm~egk mhlhghg' @eh pe`hl `h~hp mfgegklhplhg flzezpfgzeguh
zfjhrh ofrhrpe `e hphz flzezpfgze zfflir oeghphgk' Oech zfzfirhgk mfm~vguhe lfrhkvhg ~h`h lfvphmhhg mhlhghg# mfrflh zfohelguh ofrjfrmeg ~h`h em~celhze-em~celhze
~fgfcepehg ohrv-ohrv ege# uhgk mfm~frcebhplhg ohb{h oech hghl-hghl pe`hl mfm~fricfb
kete uhgk jvlv~# hleohpguh uhgk mfgufoholhg lfrvzhlhg ~frmhgfg pe`hl bhguh ~h`hpvovb# pfph~e dvkh ~h`h iphl'
Zfdhl ohbhg-ohbhg mhlhghg mfm~vguhe bhrkh# `e gfkhrh mhgh ~vg# lrepfreh epv `h~hp`eguhphlhg `hchm ofgpvl pegklhp-pegklhp ~fg`h~hphg' Bhc ege mfmvgkleglhg gfkhrh epv
dvkh mfm~frbepvgklhg ofofrh~h ~frzuhrhphg megemvm chegguh' Mhzuhrhlhp pe`hl ~frghb
mfgkfcvhrlhg zfcvrvb vhgkguh "hphv fgfrkeguh% vgpvl mhlhghg# ohkhemhgh~vg
mezlegguh mfrflh Vgpvl mfgjvlv~e mhlhghg zfzfirhgk# ~fg`h~hphgguh bhrvz dvkhmfcfoebe lfovpvbhg `hzhr ~hlhehg# zf~hpv# `hg ~frvmhbhg'
Pfph~e zhuh pe`hl ofroejhrh pfgphgk lfovpvbhg ligzvmze `hchm hrpe vmvm< zhuh ofroejhrh
pfgphgk lfmhm~vhg vgpvl mfmofce lfovpvbhg aezel'
H`h uhgk mfg`vlvgk zvhpv ligzf~ lfmezleghg rfchpea# uhgk mfguhphlhg ohb{h ~h`hmhzuhrhlhp mhgh ~vg# irhgk `elhphlhg mezleg oech mfrflh pe`hl `h~hp ofr~hrpeze~hze
`hchm lfkehphg-lfkehphg pfroehzh `hchm mhzuhrhlhp pfrzfovp' Lfkehphg-lfkehphg `hg
lfoehzhhg-lfoezhhg epv bhrvz `evrhelhg zfjhrh fm~erez' Zfcheg mhlhghg `hg lfoehzhhg
~hlhehg# lig`eze epv pfrmhzvl# mezhcguh `e Egkkrez# zf~frpe ~fzph vchgk phbvg vgpvl hghl-hghl# ceovrhg mvzem zfme# dhchg-dhchg `e zfgdh bhre' Ligzf~ lfmezleghg zfohkhe
lfpfrhm~hzhg zizehc ege mfgkhg`vgk hrpe ohb{h zphg`hr lfmezleghg hlhg mfgegklhp
`fgkhg lfzhmhhg `fgkhg mfmohelguh lig`eze lfbe`v~hg# `hg ohb{h pfgpv zhdhlfmezleghg pe`hl hlhg ~frghb cfguh~# lfjvhce ohrhgklhce mfchcve `ezpreovze ~fg`h~hphg
zfjhrh zhgkhp mfrhph' Pfph~e mfmecele zfzfirhgk hghl uhgk lflvrhgkhg kete uhgk
`ephl`erlhg vgpvl mfg`freph zfjhrh aezel `hg mfgphc zfchmh be`v~guh hphv pe`hl mhm~vmfmoehuhe prhgavze `hrhb vgpvl mfgufchmhplhg lfbe`v~hg zfirhgk ezpre h`hchb pfgpv zhdh
zfovhb lfmezleghg uhgk ofrof`h `fgkhg lfpe`hlmhm~vhg vgpvl mfmofcelhg lvf-lvf
vgpvl zfovhb ~fzph hghl-hghl hphv mfmoh{h ezpre mfgigpig aecm'
H~h uhgk zhuh pfkhzlhg ohb{h `e oh{hb pegklhphg uhgk zfzfirhgk mhgvzeh `hchm hrpe
pfrpfgpv mhm~v mfguf`ehlhg jvlv~ mhlhghg vgpvl lfcvhrkhguh# ohphz lfmhgahphhg
~fg`h~hp h`hchb dhvb cfoeb ofzhr `hre~h`h ohphz lfmhgahhphg ~fg`h~hphg uhgk ofrh`h `ehphz pegklhp pfrzfovp' Pfgpv zhdh bhc ege mfrv~hlhg ofgpvl ~hg`hgkhg lvgi `hg bhc ege
mfmvgjvclhg ofofrh~h mhzhchb ligzf~ zfrph vlvrhg uhgk hlhg zhuh ohbhz chke ghgpe'
Pfph~e `e mhgh zhdh pfr`h~hp lfmezleghg zfrevz# zvhpv ~fg`flhphg uhgk girmhpea pfrbh`h~~fmohgkvghg# uhgk pfchb zhuh pflhglhg zfohkhe zfzvhpv uhgk pe`hl `h~hp `ebeg`hre#
mfgkezuhrhplhg h`hguh avgkze lfmhgahhphg ofgpvl vmvm ege'
Zvhpv lfovpvbhg `hzhr cheg# `hchm ~fgkfrpehg zfzvhpv uhgk phg~h epv lf~reoh`ehg pe`hl
`h~hp ofrlfmohgk h`hchb ~flfrdhhg' Ege pe`hl bhrvz ofrhrpe zvhpv ~flfrdhhg uhgk
mfm~fricfb ohuhrhg oezh pfrmhzvl ofchdhr# oflfrdh ~h`h mhzh phghb ~frphgehg lfcvhrkh#
hphv mfrh{hp rvmhb' Pfph~e pe`hl mfchlvlhg zhpv~vg `hre ~frhghg uhgk `epfremh ege#
:[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
zfohkhe mezhc# pfrkhgpvgk zfjhrh lrigez ~h`h lfmhm~vhg ~ri`vlze irhgk cheg# ohblhg
vgpvl mhlhghg# h`hchb pe`hl jijil `fgkhg bhrkh `ere zfzfirhgk `f{hzh uhgk pe`hl ~elvg#
pfrvphmh zfzfirhgk uhgk cfoeb mfgkbhoezlhg {hlpv ofrphbvg-phbvg `e zflichb# mvgklegdvkh `e vgeqfrzephz# mfm~frzeh~lhg `ere vgpvl be`v~ hlpea zfjhrh fligimez'
H`hchb ofghr ohb{h lfmezleghg `hg ~fgkhgkkvrhg h`hchb ofrbvovgkhg `hchm ofrohkhebhc `fgkhg ~fg`h~hphg' Pfph~e ohblhg zvhpv ~fgegklhphg jf~hp `hchm ~fg`h~hphg ~fr
lh~eph zhdh dhvb `hre jvlv~ zfohkhe pfrcebhp `hchm ~fgkhchmhg ofrohkhe ~frfligimehg#
kvgh mfgkvrhgke lfmezleghg hphv ~fgkhgkkvrhg' @hchm lfguhphhgguh# ofofrh~h ~rizfzpfrpfgpv ~frpvmovbhg `h~hp zfjhrh mv`hb `eelvpe icfb# `hchm hrpe pfrpfgpv mhchbhg
mfgufoholhg# ofrphmohbguh ~fgkhgkkvrhg'
Bvovgkhg chgkzvgk hgphrh ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph `hg dvmchb irhgk uhgk ofrh`h `hchmlfmezleghg h`hchb `ezpreovze ~fg`h~hphg' Zvhpv lfofghrhg uhgk pe`hl `h~hp `eohgphb
ohb{h lfmezleghg hlhg cfguh~ dhvb cfoeb jf~hp oech zfpeh~ pegklhp ~frpvmovbhg fligime
`eelvpe `fgkhg vzhbh ~fgvrvghg ligzfgprhze ~fg`h~hphg' ^fmfrhphhg bhrvz#
ohkhemhgh~vg# mfgvrvp bfmhp zhuh# `ehgkkh~ zfohkhe zvhpv pvdvhg epv zfg`ere# uhepvvgzvr lfpekh `hchm ~fmohgkvghg' Lfpem~hgkhg uhgk h`h zflhrhgk# pfrvphmh `e @vgeh
Lfpekh `fgkhg lfmezleghg rhluhpguh# ofrpfgphgkhg `fgkhg zphg`hr fpez `hg rfceke h~h~vg' Bhmohphg-bhmohphg `hg bhchgkhg-bhchgkhg zizehc `hchm mhzuhrhlhp uhgk pem~hgk
mfrvzhl lf~reoh`ehg mfrflh uhgk ofr~fg`h~hphg pegkke# zf~frpe dvkh ~h`h mfrflh uhgk
mezleg' ^frof`hhg-~frof`hhg zf~fcf `hchm hlzfg# ohbhzh# ~hlhehg# lfoehzhhg# `hg
chegguh' Mfm~fricfb zvhpv hrpe ~fgpegk uhgk pe hl mhzvl hlhc `hg ~fgkbeghhg`epem~hlhg ~h`h mfrflh uhgk lvrhgk mfmecele zhgpvg zizehc# pfrvphmh ~fg`v`vl
~f`fzhhg' Lhrfgh rhz oezhguh ofrlirfchze zhgkhp pegkke `fgkhg ~fg`h~hphg# lfpem~hgkhg
fligime mfrv~hlhg zfoho vphmh lfpfkhgkhg-lfpfkhgkhg rhzehc' Cfoeb zfrevz chke#lfpem~hgkhg ~fg`h~hphg ofrbvovgkhg `fgkhg lfpem~hgkhg cheg# pfrvphmh `e oe`hgk
~fg`e`elhg `hg lflvhzhhg ~icepel uhgk mfm~frlvhp lfpem~hgkhg epv'
^frphguhhg uhgk chuhl `echlvlhg pfgphgk ~fmohgkvghg zvhpv gfkhrh `fgkhg `fmelehg
h`hchb h~h uhgk pfrdh`e ~h`h lfmezleghg9 H~h uhgk pfrdh`e ~h`h ~fgkhgkkvrhg9 H~h
uhgk pfrdh`e ~h`h lfpem~hgkhg9 Oech lfpekhguh ege pfchb mfgdh`e ofrlvrhgk zflhce# mhlhpe`hl `h~hp `eohgphb ohb{h gfkhrh pfrzfovp pfchb mfgkhchme ~frei`f ~fmohgkvghg' Oech
zhpv hphv `vh `hre mhzhchb vphmh ege mfgdh`e cfoeb ovrvl# h`hchb hgfb delh `ezfovp
zfohkhe bhzec ~fmohgkvghg# mfzle~vg ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph pfchb mfmovmovgk pegkke'
Bhc ege# pfgpv zhdh ofrchlv dvkh ohke mhzh `f~hg' Zvhpv rfgjhgh uhgk pe`hl mfgjhlv~phrkfp vgpvl mfgkvrhgke lfmezleghg# ~fgkhgkkvrhg# `hg lfpem~hgkhg zhgkhp zvcep vgpvl
`ehgkkh~ zfohkhe zvhpv ~frfgjhghhg ~fmohgkvghg'
Pfgpv zhdh# ~fmfgvbhg ~ipfgze mhgvzeh uhgk zfofghrguh mfgvgpvp ohguhl bhc uhgk pe`hl
`h~hp `eregje `hchm lfrhgklh-lfrhgklh ege' Zhuh pe hl `h~hp mfgdfchzlhg zfmvh
~frphguhhg chegguh# pfph~e vrhehg ege hlhg zhgkhp pe`hl zfemohgk oech zhuh zhmh zflhcepe`hl mfgufovp zfmvh bhc epv' Bhc-bhc ege pfrmhzvl pegklhp-pegklhp ~fg`e`elhg uhgk
jvlv~ "pfrvphmh pegklhp mfcfl bvrva%# ~hrpeze~hze `hchm ~fmfregphbhg mfgdh`e {hrkh
zvhpv ohgkzh uhgk ofpvc-ofpvc mfr`flh# ohel zfjhrh fligime mhv~vg `hchm hrpe ohb{h
0[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
~hg`hgkhg-~h`hgkhg `hre ~fmfregphbhg chegguh pe`hl ohguhl mfgfgpvlhg lf~vpvzhg-
lf~vpvzhg ~fmfregphbhg zfg`ere'
Zfchke lflvrhgkhg mhlhghg# ~fgkhgkkvrhg# `hg lfpem~hgkhg ofrlvrhgk# mhlh pvdvhg-
pvdvhg ~fg`e elhg `hg ~icepel mfgdh`e zhzhrhgzhzhrhg uhgk mhleg ~fgpegk `hre
~fmohgkvghg' Hlberguh# ohblhg lfofohzhg `hre vg`hgk-vg`hgk zflzvhc uhgk rf~rfzea#`hre lfoezegkhg `hg ~icvze# mfgdh e pvdvhg-pvdvhg vphmh' Pfph~e ege pe`hl
mfgkfzhm~egklhg ~reirephz-~reirephz `hzhr fligime# ~hcegk zf`elep ovhp gfkhrh-gfkhrh
uhgk ofghr-ofghr mezleg# `fgkhg dvmchb ofzhr hghl-hghl uhgk lflvrhgkhg mhlhghg'Zvhpv ~fmfregphbhg zhgkhp zvlhr vgpvl mfgklchem ohb{h gfkhrh zf`hgk mfmohgkvg
bhguh lhrfgh zezpfm ~fg`e`elhgguh zf`hgk `e~frcvhz hphv phphghg ~icepelguh zf`hgk
`eohgkvg# hphv ohphzhg `epfph~lhg vgpvl lfoezegkhg mfzeg# oech lfch~hrhg# ~fgkhgkkvrhg
`hg lfpem~hgkhg mhzeb jvlv~ ofzhr `hg ofrphmohb# hphv mfzle~vg mhzhchb-mhzhchb epvpe`hl ofrlvrhgk' Ohblhg irhgk hlhg mfguhgkzelhg lfchuhlhg phphghg ~icepel `hchm
lfh`hhg ege# oech leph pe`hl mfgkhgkkh~ ~frguhphhg ohb{h uhgk vphmh "~remh ahjef%
mfg`hbvcvlhg mhzhchb-mhzhchb ~fg`e`elhg# ~icepel# `hg ~icvze zfohkhe dh{hohg uhgk
hkhl mfgjvrekhlhg# zfohcelguh ~ich-~ich ~icepel pfrpfgpv mvgkleg pe`hl jijil `fgkhg~fmohgkvghg'
Zfofcvm mfgegkkhclhg ezv ege# zhuh bhrvz mfgfkhzlhg ohb{h ~fg`h~hphg ghzeighc
ovlhgguh zhmh zflhce lvrhgk ofrhrpe# bhguh lhrfgh eh mfm~vguhe zvhpv eg`elhpir uhgk
pe`hl jijil ohke ~fmohgkvghg' Eh mfm~vguhe ofofrh~h hrpe ~fgpegk zfohkhe zvhpv
vlvrhg ~ipfgze ~fmohgkvghg' Lhphlhgchb `vh ovhb gfkhrh mfmvche zvhpv `hzh{hrzh`fgkhg ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph zhmh# `hg uhgk zhpv ofrlfmohgk cfoeb jf~hp `hre uhgk cheg
zfpfchb zf~vcvb phbvg# pfph~e ~fgegklhphg ~fg`h~hphg ohke uhgk pfrzfovp ~frphmh
zfmvhguh chre lf~h`h uhgk lhuh `hg lhrfgh ~frpvmovbhg pfrdh`e mfchcve pflgel-pflgeluhgk zhgkhp ~h`hp mi`hc# mhlh pegklhp ~fgkhgkkvrhg pfph~ pe`hl ofrvohb' Zfmfgphrh epv#
~frpvmovbhg gfkhrh uhgk zhpvguh chke ofrdhchg chmohp# pfph~e pfchb mfgkbhzeclhg
~fgkhgkkvrhg uhgk cfoeb rfg`hb `hg `fgkhg `fmelehg mfgkvgpvgklhg lfchz uhgkpfrmezleg' @fgkhg `fmelehg# mfzle~vg gfkhrh `fgkhg ~frpvmovbhg uhgk cfoeb jf~hp#
mfgvrvp lrepfreh zhuh# mfmohgkvg cfoeb zf`elep# `hchm lfguhphhgguh pe`hl ofrlfmohgk
zhmh zflhceeh pfchb mfgjh~he ~ipfgze uhgk cfoeb ofzhr vgpvl ~fmohgkvghg ghgpeguh'
^frphmh-phmh# zezpfm aezlhc `h~hp mfg`irigk ~fmohgkvghg cfoeb jf~hp oech zfmhleg
ofzhr ~fg`h~hphg uhgk pfrzf`eh vgpvl `epfrvzlhg lf~h`h uhgk mezleg' Cfoeb `hre epv#
zvhpv ~frpvmovbhg jf~hp mfgkhg`vgk zvhpv lfmhm~vhg mfghmovgk uhgk cfoeb ofzhr#uhgk `fgkhg mv`hb `h~hp ofrhrpe ~fmohgkvghg zfzvgkkvbguh `e mhzh `hphgk' Ohblhg
gfkhrh uhgk ofrlfmohgk jf~hp mvgkleg zv`hb mfm~vguhe pegklhp egqfzphze ~fr lh~eph
uhgk cfoeb pegkke# oech egqfzphze ege `e~frvgpvlhg ~riufl-~riufl ~frphgehg uhgk hlhgmfgegklhplhg ~ri`vlze ~hgkhg `hg mfguf`ehlhg cfoeb ohguhl lfzfm~hphg lfrdh vgpvl
~flfrdh ~f`fzhhg# hphv `e~frvgpvllhg zflichb-zflichb ~f`fzhhg# mhlh ~fmohgkvghg
zfdhpe pfchb pfrohuhgk vgpvl mhzh `f~hg'
@hchm pepel ~hg`hgkhg dhgklh ~hgdhgk# ~frpvmovbhg fligime ohke zfovhb zfovhb gfkhrh
mezleg mfrv~hlhg zvhpv zuhrhp uhgk ~fgpegk vgpvl mfgkvrhgke lfmezleghg' Pfph~e zuhrhp
ege zhdh ofcvm jvlv~' Mfchgjhrlhg ~ipfgze ~fmohgkvghg hkhr `h~hp mfgjh~he pegklhp
6[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
~frpvmovbhg fligime uhgk pegkke pfrkhgpvgk ~h`h lfoedhlzhghhg' Zfovhb gfkhrh uhgk
~frpvmovbhg fligimeguh chmohp hphv lfjec mvgkleg zf`hgk zeovl `fgkhg ~fmofgpvlhg
lfmohce cfmohkh-cfmohkh ~icepel zfbegkkh# lfpelh ~frpvmovbhg `hphgk# ege hlhg ofrhrpe~fmohgkvghg# gfkhrh zf~frpe epv `h~hp ofrlfmohgk cfoeb jf~hp `hchm dhgklh ~hgdhgk
`hre~h`h gfkhrh uhgk zflhrhgk mfgelmhpe ~frpvmovbhg jf~hp# pfph~e `fgkhg lflvhzhhg
~icepel uhgk zf~fgvbguh pfph~ ofrh`h ~h`h phgkhg-phgkhg megirephz irhgk lhuh' H`hchbzhgkhp mfghrel# mfmohg`egklhg zfohkhe jigpib# h~h uhgk pfrdh`e `e Lvoh `fgkhg Orhtec
`hchm ohkehg hlber hoh` ege' "Zffrz# 85554 8>288:%
Mhgvzeh `hchm ^fmohgkvghg
^frlfmohgkhg zfchcv pfrlhep ~h`h `hg ofrbvovgkhg `fgkhg mhgvzeh' ^fgegklhphglfmhlmvrhg `h~hp `ehrpelhg zfohkhe pfrzf ehguh ~frcfgklh~hg `hg ~frhchphg uhgk
`eovpvblhg vgpvl mfm~frohele lfbe`v~hg mhzuhrhlhp# h`hguh mfzeg-mfzeg ~horel# zfrph
zhrhgh limvgelhze uhgk mfmovhp be`v~ mfrflh cfoeb ~ri`vlpea `hg ohel' Ghmvg `hchm
ligpflz lfzfcvrvbhg# epv zfmvh ofrzeahp egpfrmf`efr# hrpeguh bhguh ofrgeche zf~hgdhgkmfrv~hlhg avgkze ohke mhgvzeh' ^fmohgkvghg zfchcv mfgvgdvlhg ~h`h mhgvzeh< eh
h`hchb zvodfl ~fmohgkvghg' Bhc epv ofrhrpe ohb{h `e zhpv ~ebhl mhgvzeh h`hchb~fchlzhgh# `e cheg ~ebhl eh h`hchb pvdvhg ~fmohgkvghg' Zvhpv ~fmohgkvghg hlberguh
pe`hl hlhg ofrbhzec lhchv pe`hl mfm~frbhpelhg ~hrh mhgvzeh ~fchlvguh' Zfoho ~h`h
mfrflhchb ~fmohgkvghg ofghr-ofghr mfm~vguhe hlhr uhgk lvhp' ^ri`vlze bhguh `h~hp
`ebhzeclhg `hg `h~hp `eofrelhg zfjhrh ligpegv# zf~hgdhgk mhgvzeh zhgkkv~mfchlzhghlhgguh' Zfoho epv# ~fmohgkvghg zfjhrh zprvlpvrhc mfchlzhghlhgguh'
^fmohgkvghg zfjhrh zprvlpvrhc ofrhrpe mfmohgkvg mhgvzeh ~fmohgkvghg'
Zfohkhe ~fchlzhgh# mhgvzeh bhrvz `ezfzvhelhg `fgkhg ~frfgjhghhg ~fmohgkvghg' Ege
ofrhrpe# bhrvz h`h zeglrigezhze `hchm ~fguf`ehhg pfghkh lfrdh `hg pfghkh hbce ofr`hzhrlhg
~frbepvgkhg lf`v`vlhg< `eh`hlhg ~fgufzvhehg ~fg`e elhg lfdvrvhg zfrph cilhzeguhzfjhrh faezefg `hg i~pemhc' @fgkhg `fmelehg# pfrcebhpchb zfrph `ecfphllhg `hchm ~fph
~fmohgkvghg' @e zegechb pfrcebhp hz~fl `fpfrmeghze uhgk mhv phl mhv bhrvz `epfremh
zfohkhe limepmfg' Ghmvg zvhpv lfpfrlhephg uhgk pe`hl oflv' Mhgvzeh ovlhgchb mfzeguhgk ofrdhchg zfjhrh mflhgezpez# mfcheglhg ~reoh`e uhgk oflfrdh ofr`hzhr irefgphze `hg
mipeqhze' Iregfphze mfmofrelhg ~fgkfrpehg kciohc pfgphgk mhzhchb uhgk zf`hgk `ebh`h~e'
@fgkhg irefgphze# irhgk `h~hp mfmof`hlhg uhgk mhgh hchp# zhrhgh# `hg pvdvhg
~fmohgkvghg# zfchgdvpguh mfmovhp ~frfgjhghhg ~fmohgkvghg zfrph mfchlzhghlhgguh'Zfoho epv# vgpvl lf~frcvhg-lf~frcvhg pfrzfovp# bhrvz `evzhbhlhg hkhr ~hrh ~fchlzhgh
ofghr-ofghr mfm~vguhe lfmhm~vhg ecmehb vgpvl mfgdhchg pvkhz mfrflh `fgkhg ohel
`hg pf~hp' Zfoho mfrflh ovlhgchb zflf`hr mhgvzeh-mhgvzeh jigzvmfrz# pfph~e pfrvphmh ~ri`vzfg uhgk bhrvz mfmofrelhg ~fmelerhg-~fmelerhg ecmehb zfrph ligzf~-ligzf~
~fmohbhrvhg mfrflh vgpvl lf~fgpegkhg ~fmohgkvghg' Mfmofgpvl `hg mfg`e el
~fchlzhgh-~fchlzhgh mfgdh`e mhgvzeh ~fmohgkvghg uhgk jhlh~ h`hchb zvhpv mi`hcofzhr# bvmhg egqfzpmfgpuhgk `h~hp mfgdhmeg lfzeghmovgkhg ~fmohgkvghg vgpvl mhzh
`f~hg' Lfjvhce epv# `hchm ~fmohgkvghg# irhgk bhrvz rfhcezpez vgpvl mfguvzvg zvhpv
~frfgjhghhg# `hg vgpvl epv irhgk bhrvz rfhcezpez ~vch mfcebhp `hchm ~riocfmhpelh uhgk
h`h' H`hchb zuhrhp mvpchl ohke mhzuhrhlhp uhgk egkeg mfmohgkvg vgpvl ofrhge mfcebhp
1[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
`hg mfgfremh lfguhphhg zf~frpe h~h h`hguh# oehr ~hbep zflhce ~vg' Mfgvpv~e hphv
mfguhgklhc lfguhphhg zfohkhe mhzhchb ofrhrpe mfgkbhmohp ~rizfz ~fmohgkvghg epv
zfg`ere' @fmelehg ~vch# ~fchlzhgh bhguh hlhg mfchlzhghlhg ~fmohgkvghg# h~hoech ehmfcebhp geche-geche uhgk `edh`elhg mipea ~frovhphgguh' Zfoho mipeqhzechb uhgk `h~hp
mfmofrelhg zfmhgkhp `hg hrpe ~h`h zvhpv ~frovhphg' Icfb lhrfgh epvchb# ~frcvchb `epfcepe
mhghlhb geche-geche uhgk bhrvz `ebe`v~lhg zfrph `ekhchllhg `hchm mhzuhrhlhp vgpvl`edh`elhg mipeqhze ~fmohgkvghg' Lhchv hchp bhguh mfgdh`e zhrhgh# mi`hc hzegk pe`hl
cheg bhguh ~fcfgklh~# mhghlhb geche-geche ~fmohgkvghg uhgk `epvdv zfrph `ecfgklh~e epv9
Lflvrhgkhg ~hrpeze~hze `hchm ch~ezhg mhzuhrhlhp pe`hl bhguh `ezfoholhg lhrfgh pe`hlh`hguh irefgphze# pfph~e pfrvphmh lhrfgh mfrflh mfrhzh pe`hl `e`irigk vgpvl `ehdhl
mfmohgkvg' Zelh~ mhzh oi`ib pfrbh`h~ ~fmohgkevghg oezh pemovc `hchm mhzuhrhlhp#
lhrfgh mfrflh dvzprv mfcebhp mipeqhze-mipeqhze uhgk mfguem~hgk `hchm egpe
~fmohgkvghg' Bhc ege oezh pfrdh`e lhrfgh mipeqhze eg`eqe`vhc pe`hl `eegpfkrhzelhg `hchmzezpfm lfmhzuhrhlhphg uhgk h`h'
Dh e# zv~huh ~fmohgkvghg `h~hp ofrbhzec# bhrvz `eofrelhg ~frbhpehg lbvzvz ~h`h
~fchlzhgh-~fchlzhghguh zfohkhe bvmhg egqfzpfmfgp' Mfm~frbhpelhg ~fchlzhgh-~fchlzhgh ~fmohgkvghg ofrhrpe mfmofrelhg irefgphze `hg mfgkbe`v~lhg mipeqhze uhgk
pf~hp `hg ofghr vgpvl ~fmohgkvghg' Irefgphze `hg mipeqhze mfgdhmeg ofrchgkzvgkguh~fmohgkvghg' [hchv~vg ~fchlzhghgguh mfce~vpe ofofrh~h kfgfrhze hceb ofrkhgpe# ghmvg
mipeqhze pfph~ mfmofrelhg zfmhgkhp# `irigkhg# zfrph `huh ~fmohrvhgguh' Lfpflvghg
vgpvl mfmohgkvg bhguh `emecele h~hoech ~fchlzhghgguh ofghr-ofghr zh`hr hlhg hrpe
zfrph mhgahhp ~fmohgkvghg# `hg ofr`hzhrlhg lfzh`hrhg epv mfgfgpvlhg zelh~ uhgk~izepea pfrbh`h~guh' Dh`e# ~fmohgkvghg zfjhrh chgkzvgk ofrhrpe dvkh mfmvm~vl `hg
mfmoegh mfgphcephz `hg zelh~ ohgkzh lf hrhb ~fmohgkvghg'
Mhgvzeh ovlhg bhguh ~fchlzhgh# mfcheglhg pfrvphmh pvdvhg ~fmohgkvghg' Dvzprv `e
zegechb cfphl ~frof`hhg irefgphze leph `fgkhg ~hg`hgkhg limvgez uhgk piphcepfr' Mhgvzeh
ovlhg zflf`hr zfdvmchb rfchze zizehc# `hg lhrfgh epv pe`hl `h~hp `egeche zfmhph-mhphzfohkhe ahlpir `hchm mhzuhrhlhp' Mhgvzeh be`v~ `hchm bezpirephz# ghmvg epv pe`hl ofrhrpe
ohb{h flzezpfgzeguh `epfgpvlhg `hg pfrkhgpvgk zhmh zflhce ~h`h zfdhrhb' Mhgvzeh h`hchb
~reoh`e' Icfb lhrfgh epv# eh mfrv~hlhg ~hgkkechg# Hvakhof# uhgk bhrvz mfmohgkvgvgpvl mfgfgpvlhg zfdhrhb' Icfb lhrfgh epv# ~fmohgkvghg zfohkhe vzhbh vgpvl
mfgegklhplhg phrha be`v~ mhzuhrhlhp bhrvz mfmovlh dhchg ohke mhzegk-mhzegk
{hrkhguh `hg mfmohgpvguh vgpvl `h~hp ofrlfmohgk zfohkhe mhgvzeh zfzvhe `fgkhg
ohlhp uhgk `emecele `hg ofr`hzhrlhg lf~vpvzhg uhgk `ehmoecguh zfjhrh ofohz' Mhgvzehpe`hl bhguh bhrvz ofrlfmohgk mfgdh`e zfirhgk uhgk prhm~ec# mfgdh`e zfirhgk `ilpfr#
fligim `hg vzhbh{hg# mfcheglhg mfgdh`e zfzfirhgk# uhepv mhgvzeh uhgk `f{hzh' Zfpeh~
~riafze pe`hl cheg h`hchb ofgpvl rfhcezhze lfmhgvzehg `hg icfb lhrfgh epv pe`hl oicfb`ecf~hzlhg `hre lfmhgvzehg zfohkhe `hzhrguh' Mhgvzeh `ezfovp dvkh zfohkhe tiig
~icepejig# eh h`hchb bimi fjigimejvz# `hg zfregk `ezfovp dvkh zfohkhe bimi ahofr#
ghmvg epv zfmvhguh h`hchb ~fr{vdv`hg mhgvzeh zfohkhe mhgvzeh' Lf{hdeohg `hchmrhgklh lfmhgvzehg# uhepv mfgdh`e zfirhgk ~reoh`e uhgk ~hre~vrgh# `ezfovp lf{hdeohg
fpez' Geche fpez mfgvgdvllhg mhrphohp mhgvzeh xvh phcez' Zfoho epv# geche fpez hphv mirhc
pe`hl oicfb `e~frzfm~ep `hchm zflz# uhepv `hchm cegklvgkhg gekbp jcvo hphv `vgeh
~fraecmhg zhdh# pfph~e mfgjhlv~ zfmvh `hg zfpeh~ ~frovhphg mhgvzeh# ohel zfjhrh
;[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
eg`eqe`vhc mhv~vg zizehc ~h`h vmvmguh' Fpelh ovlhgchb fpelfp# lhrfgh pe`hl zflh`hr
mfrv~hlhg phph lhrmh uhgk mfguhgklvp ~frovhphg-~frovhphg chberehb zfmhph# mfcheglhg
mfgvrvp lfzfchrhzhg hgphrh ~frovhphg chberehb `fgkhg be v~ ohpegguh' Fpelhmfgvgdvllhg geche-geche lfmhgvzehg epv zfg`ere' Zfoho epv# dfchzchb ohb{h `fgkhg
`fmelehg zvhrh bhpe# jigzjefgjf# zfohkhe h~celhze girmh-girmh fpez `hg vgklh~hg
lf~reoh`ehg zfzfirhgk `hchm lfbe`v~hg zfbhre-bhre# mfm~vguhe hrpe uhgk ~fgpegk `hgbhrvz `elfmohgklhg ohel `hchm lfbe`v~hg ~reoh`e-eg`eqe`vhc mhv~vg `hchm lfbe`v~hg
mhzuhrhlhp mfchcve ~fg`e`elhg uhgk zfbhp'
Mhlh# `ecebhp `hre zfke fpez `hg ~regze~ lfmhgvzehg ~frcv `e~frbhpelhg `hg `ebe`v~lhg
lfzh`hrhg hlhg lfh`echg zizehc# phgkkvgk dh{ho# `hg lfofohzhg'
Lfh`echg zizehc pe`hl bhguh `ehrpelhg zfohkhe ~fgkhlvhg bhl hzhze `hre mhzegk-mhzegk{hrkh gfkhrh vgpvl ofrlfmohgk `hg mfgkkvghlhg zhrhgh-zhrhgh uhgk `e~frcvlhg# pfph~e
bhrvz dvkh faflpea# uhepv `eofreguh lfzfm~hphg reecvgpvl mfmohgkvg `hg elvp mfgelmhpe
bhzec ~fmohgkvghg epv' Ege ofrhrpe ohb{h lfzfm~hphg lfrdh ohke ~hrh {hrkh mhzuhrhlhp
zfg`ere `hg ~fmfrhphhg ~fg`h~hphg h`hchb pvdvhg vphmh `hg avg`hmfgphc `hchm ~fmohgkvghg' Zfoho# epv h`hchb mfch{hg lfh echg zizehc# h~hoech ~fgkhpvrhg `hg
~fchlzhghhg ~fghghmhg mi`hc hzegk uhgk# ~h`h bhlelhpguh# mfrv~hlhg zhrhgh~fcfgklh~# mfgemovclhg hleohp uhgk zf`fmelehg rv~h# zfbegkkh hlberguh mfrvzhl `hg
ohblhg mfmhpelhg vzhbh `hchm gfkfre# uhgk `h~hp mfgemovclhg ofgjhgh ofzhr `hchm
mhzuhrhlhp' Mhlh# {hdhr ohb{h `hchm bhc ege ~fmfregphb pvrvg phgkhg vgpvl
mfmofrelhg ~frceg`vgkhg ohke uhgk cfmhb' ^frzhegkhg `h~hp mfrv~hlhg jhrh uhgk zfbhpzf~hgdhgk `epfrh~lhg ohke mfrflh uhgk mhm~v ofrzhegk# pfph~e mfch{hg lfh echg
h~hoech `elfghlhg ~h`h mfrflh uhgk cfmhb' Ege ~frcv `e~frbhpelhg ohel `e oe`hgk
fligime mhv~vg `e oe`hgk ~fg`e`elhg' Bhrvz h`h ~frceg`vgkhg uhgk faezefg ohke mi`hc`hchm gfkfre pfrbh`h~ mi`hc hzegk# ~frceg`vgkhg ohke kicigkhg cfmhb pfrbh`h~
kicigkhg lhuh' @fmelehg ~vch `hchm ~fg`e`elhg zfohkhe cfmohkh vgpvl mfmofgpvl
~fchlzhgh-~fchlzhgh ~fmohgkvghg `hg jhcig ~fmem~eg ohgkzh bhrvz h`h ~fguhcvrhguhgk h`ec' H`hchb bhl zfpeh~ {hrkh vgpvl mfgkfguhm ~fg`e`elhg# `hg ~regze~ ege zfjhrh
ligklrfp bhrvz ofrhrpe ~frceg`vgkhg ~vch ohke mfrflh uhgk cfmhb pfph~e ~vguh ohlhp
uhgk jvlv~# hkhr zfjhrh reec mfg`h~hp lfzfm~hphg vgpvl mfgfremh ~fg`e`elhg'
Lfzh`hrhg hlhg phgkkvgk dh{ho h`hchb geche uhgk avg`hmfgphc `hchm ~fmohgkvghg#
pfph~e lege mfgvgdvlhg kfdhch-kfdhch lfmfriziphg' H`hchb prhkez mfg`fgkhr vjh~hg
ohb{h ~fkh{he gfkfre ovlhg chke mfrv~hlhg ~vocej zfrqhgp' Lvrhgk `f`elhze `hchmpvkhz uhgk `eofohglhg# `hg ohblhg pe`hl h`h rhzh pfrceohp `e `hchmguh' Lffgkkhghg
vgpvl mfmelvc zfg`ere phgkkvgk dh{ho pfrjfrmeg `hchm zelh~ `hg lfoehzhhg vgpvl
mfcfm~hrlhg phgkkvgk dh{ho epv lf~h`h irhgk hphv kicigkhg cheg' @fmelehg ~vch `elhchgkhg mhzuhrhlhp# zfregk pfrdh e ~frovhphg-~frovhphg uhgk pe hl `h~hp
`e~frphgkkvgkdh{holhg `hg pe`hl `e`hzhre icfb mipeqhze uhgk mhzvl hlhc' ^frvzhlhg
phghmhg hphv kf`vgk vmvm h`hchb zhchb zhpv jigpib `hre ofrohkhe lfdh`ehg' _hzhmfmecele ofcvm `ebhuhpe zfjhrh mfrhph' H`hguh lrezez phgkkvgk dh{ho ege lerhguh pe`hl
bhguh `ezfoholhg lhrfgh h`hguh mipeqhze ~reoh`e uhgk mfguem~hgk `hre pvdvhg
~fmohgkvghg# pfph~e dvkh ofrhlhr ~h`h zezpfm zizehc lvcpvrhc epv zfg`ere' Ohblhg `h~hp
2[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
pfrdh`e# peg`hlhg phl ofrphgkkvgk dh{ho epv `ehleohplhg icfb zezpfm uhgk h`h'
@fgkhg lhph cheg# bhrvz h`h egpfkrhze mipeqhze ~reoh`e `hg zezpfm uhgk h`h'
Lfofohzhg h`hchb jere lbhz mhgvzeh `hg zflhcekvz mfgdh`e pvdvhgguh' Zfoho epv# bhrvz
dvkh `eegpfkrhzelhg `hchm ~fmohgkvghg' Hrpeguh ~fmohgkvghg bhrvz `ehrhblhg
zf`fmelehg rv~h# zfbegkkh mfrv~hlhg ~fmofohzhg ohke zfcvrvb mhzuhrhlhp `hre mhjhm-mhjhm lfzvcephg' Zfkhch ~frovhphg mhgvzeh bhrvz `echlzhghlhg vgpvl mfm~fricfb
e`fgpephzguh zfg`ere# mfgdh e Zfcozp# uhgk mhg`ere `hg ofohz' Ghmvg# zf~frpe uhgk
`evrhelhg `e hphz# zelh~ uhgk mfg`hzhre ~frovhphg epv ovlhgchb [fcpqfrmfegvgk#
mfcheglhg dvzprv mfgkichb `vgeh `hg mfgkvhzheguh `fgkhg mfmofrelhg geche
mhgvzeh{e' Mhgvzeh h`hchb tv zfeg# uhepv pfrhrhb ~h`h `vgeh vgpvl
mfgprhgzairmhzelhgguh mfchcve lfrdh mfgdh`e mhgvzeh{e' Zfoho epv# lfofohzhg pe`hl
bhguh `ehrpelhg zfohkhe ofohz `hre ege hphv epv# pfph~e h`hchb ofohz vgpvl mfgkhmoeczvhpv ~rhlhrzh' Dh`e# lfofohzhg mfgvgdvllhg zvhpv limepmfg uhgk zh`hr pfrbh`h~ `vgeh
zflephrguh "flicike%< ovlhg vgpvl pfgkkfchm `e `hchmguh "Mhpfrehcezmf ^rhlpez%#
mfcheglhg vgpvl mfgkhphze `hg mfgahhplhgguh' Dh`e# lfofohzhg bhrvz dvkh `ehrpelhg
zfohkhe lfzhgkkv~hg reec mhgvzeh vgpvl mfgkh`hlhg prhgzfg`fgze pfrbh`h~ `vgehhchmguh `fgkhg mfgfgpvlhg lf~vpvzhg `hg zelh~guh zfzvhe `fgkhg ~ecebhgguh'
Lfzhgkkv~hg ege mfrv~hlhg ~frlhuhhg# ovlhg bhguh zfjhrh mhpfrefc mfcheglhg zfjhrhegpfcflpvhc `hg mfgphc' @fgkhg `fmelehg# ege ofrhrpe ovlhg bhguh ohb{h mhgvzeh
mfm~vguhe hchp zfohkhe bhzec je~phhg vgpvl mfmovhp `ereguh cfoeb faezezfg# pfph~e dvkh
ohb{h `fgkhg lfzhgkkv~hgguh epv mhgvzeh pe`hl `ejfgklrhm `hg `eimohgk-hmoegklhg
icfb `vgeh cvhrguh# pfph~e mfchcve `vgeh iodflguh eh `h~hp mfgfmvlhg `hg mfgdh`e`ereguh zfg`ere' @hchm rhgklh egechb# zfpeh~ ~fmohgkvghg ~h`h vmvmguh bhrvz `ehrpelhg
zfohkhe vzhbh vgpvl mfcfguh~lhg zfpeh~ ofgpvl hcefghze zfohkhe ~fgjfrmeghg
`ezegpfkrhze zfrph `ezavgkzeighcezhze hgphrh `vgeh uhgk `eje~phlhg mhgvzeh mfchcvelfrdhguh `hg mhgvzeh ~fgje~phguh' "^ifz~i{hr`idi# 855:4 60-65%
^fmohgkvghg zfohkhe ^frpvmovbhg
Phplhch ^frhgk @vgeh EE ofrhlber# pfr h~hp zvhpv ligzfgzvz uhgk mhgph~ zflhce `elhchgkhg ~fdhohp `hg ~fg`h~hp vmvm uhgk ofrf`hr `e gfkfre-gfkfre Ohrhp pfgphgk
~frcvguh vgpvl mfchlvlhg zfzvhpv mfgkfghe ~frmhzhchbhg mfg`fzhl ~fmohgkvghg
fligime gfkfre-gfkfre pfrofchlhgk' Zfohkehg ohblhg ofrzf`eh mfmhlcvmlhg ohb{h
~fmohgkvghg `e gfkfre-gfkfre lvrhgk mhdv mvgkleg `h~hp `e~hg`hgk zfohkhe lfovpvbhgvphmh ~h`h `hzh{hrzh-`hzh{hrzh zfzv`hb ~frhgk'
^hrh hbce fligime mfm~frphdhm `hg mfm~frzfm~ep ~fghazerhg mfgkfghe mhlgh `hgpvdvhg ~fmohgkvghg fligime' @hre zfovhb ~frguhphhg ohb{h pvdvhg hlber ~fmohgkvghg
fligime h`hchb mfgegklhplhg lfzfdhbpfrhhg ghzeighc lfzfcvrvbhg ~fg`v`vl `hg
~fgdfchzhg ohb{h ~h`h bhlflhpguh mhzhchb ~fmohgkvghg fligime h`hchb mhzhchbmfgegklhplhg phrha ~fg`h~hp ghzeighc mfgegklhplhg ivp~vp~fr lh~eph# zfbegkkh zfpeh~
eg`eqe`v hlhg mhm~v vgpvl mfgkigzvmzelhg cfoeb ohguhl' Ege bhguhchb zhpv hphv `vh
chgklhb chke vgpvl mfgkhphlhg ohb{h `faegeze ~fmohgkvghg fligime zfohkhe lfghelhg
phrha be`v~ irhgk lfohguhlhg hphv vgpvl zfjhrh# cfoeb pf~hp# ohb{h ~fmohgkvghg
5[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
fligime mvgkleg `h~hp `e faegezelhg zfohkhe zvhpv ~frohelhg zflvcfr uhgk
ofrlfchgdvphg `hchm lfzfdhbpfrhhg mhpfrefcuhgk pfrjfrmeg `hchm hrvz ohrhgk-ohrhgk `hg
dhzh-dhzh uhgk mfgegklhp hphv cfoeb pflgez chke# vgpvl mfg`faegezelhg ~fmohgkvghgfligime zfohkhe ~rizfz `fgkhg mhgh zvhpv fligime `eprhgzairmhzelhg `hre
~frfligimehg uhgk pegklhp ~frpvmovbhg ~fr lh~ephguh lfjec hphv gfkhpea mfgdh e
~frfligimehg uhgk ~fgegklhphg ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lh~eph uhgk ofrlfchgdvphg mfrv~hlhgzeahpguh uhgk ~frmhgfg dhgklh ~hgdhgk' @hg zflephr phbvg 856> zhm~he ohkehg pfrofzhr
`hg `hzh{hrzh ofrelvpguh# ~fghazerhg ege mfg`imeghze cepfrhpvr# zfbegkkh ~fmohgkvghg
fligime oicfb `elhphlhg zfregk `ezhmhlhg `fgkhg ~frpvmovbhg fligime' [hchv~vg`fmelehg# ezpechb ~fmohgkvghg fligime jfg`frvgk `ekvghlhg ohke gfkhrh-gfkhrh uhgk
mezleg# zf`hgklhg ezpechb ~frpvmovbhg fligime ohke gfkhrh-gfkhrh lhuh'
@e gfkfre-gfkfre Ohrhp# lfjfg`frvgkhg ~fmelerhg mfgkfghe ~fmohgkvghg fligimepfrvphmh zfohkhe ~frpvmovbhg fligime# phl ~fchl chke `e~frlvhp icfb ahlph ohb{h `hchm
`hzh{hrzh ~hzjh ~frhgk ~frpvmovbhg fligime mfgdh`e zhzhrhg vphmh lfoedhlzhghhg
fligime' Icfb lhrfgh epv# h`h lfjfg`frvgkhg vgpvl mfg`flhpe lhdehg ~frmhzhchbhg
~fmohgkvghg fligime `fgkhg liphl ~frlhlhz uhgk `erhgjhgk icfb ~hrh hbce fligimekvgh mfgkhghcezez ~frpvmovbhg fligime `e gfkfre-gfkfre mhdv' Lfguhphhg ohb{h ~hrh
hbce fligime mfm~vguhe zvhpv pfire hphv pfire-pfire pfgphgk ~frpvmovbhg fligimephm~hlguh mfmofre mfrflh lfvgkkvchg hphz ~hrh hbce ecmv zizehc chegguh zfohkhe ~hlhr-
~hlhr ~fmohgkvghg fligime'
Ohblhg `fgkhg zf`fmelehg ohguhl ohguhl hchzhg vgpvl ofr~eler mfgkfghe ~fmohgkvghg fligime zfohkhe pfrvphmh mhzhchb ~frpvmovbhg fligime# pe`hl h`h
zfirhgk hbce fligime mfgvcez mfgkfghe ~fmohgkvghg fligime' Mfrflh pe hl
mfgufm~hplhg `ere mfm~fregkhplhg ~hrh ~fmohjhguh ohb{h ~fmohgkvghg fligime ofrhrpe cfoeb `hre~h`h ~frpvmovbhg `hchm ~ri`vl ghzeighc' Zfohkehg mfgflhglhg
~frvohbhg `hchm zprvlpvr fligime# lbvzvzguh ~fguvzvphg rfchpea `hre zflpir ~frphgehg#
hphv ~frvohbhg `hchm zprvlpvr zizehc zfohkhe ohbhg-ohbhg fzfgzehc `hre ~rizfz~fmohgkveghg fligime' Zfohkehg chke mfgflhglhg ohb{h ~frpvmovbhg# delh `elheplhg
`fgkhg mfgegklhpguh lfpem~hgkhg `hchm `ezpreovze ~fg`h~hphg h`hchb ligzezpfg `fgkhg
~fgegklhphg ohel `hchm dvmchb hozicvp mhv~vg `hchm ~frzfgphzf cilhc ~fg`v`vl uhgkbe`v~ `hchm lfmezleghg uhgk diril `hg ~fguhlephg' Mfgegklhplhg ~fg`h~hphg ~fr
lh~eph uhgk cfoeb pegkke epv ofrhrpe zvhpv phrha lfbe`v~hg uhgk cfoeb pegkke ohke mhuirephz
rhluhp# bhzecguh bhguhchb hlhg mfm~frcfohr lfzfgdhgkhg hgphrh megirephz lhuh uhgk
ofrpvmovb mhleg lhuh `hre mhuirephz mezleg' @f{hg Fligime `hg Zizehc ^frzfrelhphgOhgkzh-Ohgkzh ~h`h ze hgkguh uhgk ~frphmh mfguhphlhg# ~frcvguh ~rikrhm
~fmohgkvghg dhgklh ~hgdhgk uhgk ofremohgk# uhgk bhrvz mfgufrphlhg ovlhg bhguh
hz~fl-hz~fl fligime# pfph~e dvkh hz~fl-hz~fl zizehc# ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg# lfzfbhphg#~fg`e`elhg `hg lfov`huhhg `hre lfbe`v~hg mhzuhrhlhp
Ohguhl uhgk mfgfkhzlhg ohb{h zfohkhe hbce-hbce fligime mfrflh mfmvzhplhg~frbhpehg bhguh ~h`h zhpv hz~fl `hre zvhpv ~rizfz uhgk lim~cflz uhgk `fgkhg ghmh
mi`frgezhze# mfgjhlv~ ~frvohbhg uhgk mfg`hchm `hchm zelh~-zelh~ zizehc `e hgphrh
lig eze-lig`eze `hg zhzhrhg-zhzhrhg uhgk `e~frcvlhgguh' Mfgvrvp Hrpbvr Cf{ez#
lfmhdvhg pfrdh`e bhguh oech rhluhp ~frjhuh ohb{h mhgvzeh `h~hp# `fgkhg zfkfgh~ v~huh#
8>[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
mfgkvhzhe hchm' Ohblhg oech rhluhp phbv ohb{h zvhpv lfcem~hbhg ohrhgk-ohrhgk `hg
dhzh-dhzh uhgk cfoeb ofzhr h`hchb mvgkleg# mfrflh pe`hl mfmhg`hgk ~frcv vgpvl
mfgkvzhbhlhgguh' Lvrhgkguh meghp ~h`h bhc-bhc mhpfrehc mvgkleg zfohkhe hleohp `hreofrlvhzhguh aeczhahp `vgeh cheg uhgk mfgjfch lfegkeghg-lfegkeghg mhpfrehc' Zhzhrhgguh#
lhph Kvgghr Mu`rhc# h`hchb dhvb cfoeb `hre~h`h phrha lfbe`v~hg mhpfrehc uhgk cfoeb
pegkke< zhzhrhgguh h`hchb mhgvzeh ohrv hcehz mhgvzeh mi`frg'
Mfzle~vg `fmelehg# begkkh zflcephr phbvg 851># bhc pfrzfovp jfg`frvgk vgpvl mfgdh`e
zuhrhp `hre pfmh zfgprhc `hchm cepfrhpvr ~fmohgkvghg fligime' Uhgk `ehgkkh~ zfohkheohpv vdehg# lhchv pe`hl `h~hp `elhphlhg fzfgzeguh# `hre ~fmohgkvghg fligime h`hchb
~frpvmovbhg ivp~vp `hg ~fg`h~hphg ~fr lf~hch `e `hchm gfkfre-gfkfre lvrhgk mhdv'
Pfr`h~hp# ohblhg `e lhchgkhg ~hrh hbce fligime Ohrhp# mfrflh uhgk zfdhl `hre h{hcguh
zhgkhp zlf~pez mfgkfghe lfzfcvrvbhg ~fg`flhphg ege pfrbh`h~ ~fmohgkvghg fligime'
Ohkehg pfrofzhr cecfrhpvr# pfgpv zhdh# h`hchb mfgkfghe jhrh# ovlhgguh mfgkfghe pvdvhg#
mfgkfghe fligime ~fmohgkvghg `hg epv ovlhg uhgk zhuh ohbhz `e zege' Pfph~e
~fmezhbhhg hgphrh jhrh `hg pvdvhg pe`hlchb ~frghb dfchz' Pvdvhg mfgfgpvlhg jhrh `hgjhrh-jhrh mf{hrghe pvdvhg pe`hlchb ~frghb dfchz' Jirhl vphmh `hchm ~fmelerhg mfgkfghe
fligime ~fmohgkvghg lhrfgh epv mfm~vguhe rfcfqhgze' @ezege zfcfoebguh# zhuh hlhgmfgkkhmohrlhg pekh jirhl vphmh uhgk `h~hp `elfghce zfchmh ~frei`f lfpelh
~fmohgkvghg fligim pfrvphmh zflhce `ezhmhlhg `fgkhg ~frpvmovbhg fligime' Uhgk
~frphmh mfgflhglhg ~fmofgpvlhg mi`hc zfohkhe ahlpir ~hcegk ~fgpegk# uhgk lf`vh
ofrvzhbh mfgkirflze ~fgflhghg ege `fgkhg mfgflhglhg ~fgpegkguh mi`hc mhgvzeh#uhgk lfpekh mfgkbe v~lhg chke meghp ~fr`hkhgkhg zfohkhe mfzeg ~fg`irigk
~frpvmovbhg'
Ohpv zfg`e ~fmohgkvghg fligime mi`frg `hchm ahzfguh uhgk ~frphmh h`hchb
~fmofgpvlhg mi`hc' Gvrlzf mfgkvgklh~lhg zvhpv ~hg`hgkhg uhgk `epfremh zfjhrh
zhgkhp vmvm lfpelh `eh mfgkhphlhg `hchm phbvg 856? ohb{h mhzhchb ege pfrcfphl `e dhgpvgk ~frmhzhchbhg ~fmohgkvghg `e gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk pfrofchlhgk zfjhrh fligime'
@eh# zf~frpe uhgk chegguh# bhpe-bhpe vgpvl mfghmohblhg ohb{h ~fmofgpvlhg mi`hc
ovlhg lfzfcvrvbhg jfreph ^fmohgkvghg fligime ohguhl ofrbvovgkhg `fgkhg vzhbh-vzhbh mhgvzeh# zelh~-zelh~ zizehc# lig`eze ~icepel`hg ~frezpe{h-~frezpe{h zfdhrhb'
Mi`hc zfg`ere pe hlchb jvlv~' Pfph~e eh h`hchb ~rhzuhrhp uhgk `e~frcvlhg vgpvl
lfmhdvhg' Hrpbvr Cf{ez# `hchm zfovhb lhcemhpguh uhgk pfrlfghc# mfgkhphlhg mfgkfghe
pegklhp ovgkh zfohkhe ~frof`hhg lvgje hgphrh gfkhrh-gfkhrh mhdv `hg zf`hgkofrlfmohgk'
Pe`hl h`h uhgk mfgkfdvplhg mfgkfghe ~frebhc ege' Delh ~fmohgkvghg fligime pfrvphmhh`hchb mfguhgklvp mhzhchb ~frpvmovbhg fligime# dfchz eh mfmfrcvlhg `eqfrze hphz
zfohkehg zvmofr `huh mhzuhrhlhp uhgk h`h zflhrhgk lf hrhb pvdvhg vgpvl mfgegklhplhg
zpil mi`hc zfofkepv rv~h vgpvl mfmvgkleglhg flz~hgze ivp~vp uhgk oezh `eligzvmze `emhzh `f~hg' Egechb uhgk mfgdh e ~vzhp ~frbhpehg ecmv fligime lchzel' @hre Pbf [fhcpb
ia Ghpeig zhm~he `hz Lh~ephc# `hg bhc epv ~vch uhgk lege lfmohce mfgdh`e ~vzhp ~frbhpehg
pfire ~frpvmovbhg fligime# uhgk pfchb `e~elerlhg Bhrri` `hg @imhr# zf~frpe Lfugfz#
zfmvch pfrphrel ~h`h ~riocfm mfgkfghe ~fkh{he pfph~ `hg ohrv lfmv`ehg mfchm~ve
88[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Lfugfz lfpelh mfcvhzlhg hghcezezguh mfgkfghe ~fgkfmohgkhg fligime' Pfph~e
lhrelhpvr mfrflh mfgkfghe ~frfligimehg uhgk `eghmez `e mhgh pegklhp ~fmofgpvlhg
mi`hc mfrv~hlhg zhpv-zhpvguh `fpfrmeghg ~frpvmovbhg fligime# mfgdh e zhgkhpofr~fgkhrvb `hchm ecmv fligime ~fmohgkvghg ~hzjh~frhgk' @hre ~frz~flpea ege# ahlph
~hcegk fcfmfgpfr mfgkfghe gfkhrh-gfkhrh pfrofchlhgk h`hchb ohb{h mfrflh epv cf~hz
mi`hc' Lfpeh`hhg mi`hc# ~fr `faegze# bhm~er mfrv~hlhg lhrhlpfrezpel gfkhrh-gfkhrhpfrofchlhgk'
Phbvg 8565# f`eze ~frphmh `hre zhchb zhpv ovlv pflz uhgk hmhp pfrlfghc pfgphgk ecmvfligime ~fmohgkvghg# pfph~ mfgflhglhg ohb{h hlvmvchze mi`hc h`hchb egpe `hre
~fmohgkvghg fligime' @vh phbvg lfmv`ehg# B[ Zegkfr `hchm zvhpv ligafrfgze ~frz `e
H``ez Hohoh mfgkhphlhg ohb{h pfchb pfrdh`e ~frkfzfrhg `hchm lfzfcvrvbhg ~fmelerhg
leph mfgkfghe mhzhchb ~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fmohgkvghg`hre mi`hc aezel lf mi`hcmhgvzeh' Mhzhchb mfg`hzhrguh ovlhg chke ~fgje~phhg lfzfdhbpfrhhg# mfcheglhg
lh~hzephz vgpvl mfgje~phlhg lfzfdhbpfrhhg# `hg lh~hzephz ege pfrcfphl ~h`h rhluhp zvhpv
gfkfre' Uhepv lflvhphg iphl'
^frkfzfrhg ~fmelerhg lf~h`h mi`hc mhgvzeh uhgk pfrdh`e `hchm `vh hphv pekh phbvg
zflephr phbvg 851># ofrhzhc `hre uhgk {hlpv epv mfrv~hlhg lfzeovlhg mfgfchhb~frpvmovbhg fligime `hg ~fgufohoguh `e gfkhrh-gfkhrh mhdv' Pfph~e eh zfkfrh `ehmoec
hceb icfb mfrflh uhgk mfgvcez mfgkfghe ~fmohgkvghg fligime' Zhchb zhpv hleohpguh
h`hchb `ebe`v~lhgguh chke meghp pfrbh`h~ ohgpvhg pflgez# ovlhgguh ohgpvhg mi`hc ohke
gfkfre-gfkfre ofrlfmohgk# uhgk cheg h`hchb mfm~frlfghclhg pfmh-pfmh ohrvegqfzphze`hchm ~fg`e`elhg# ~frfgjhghhg lfpfghkhlfrdhhg# orheg `rheg "chreguh pfghkh-pfghkh
hbce lf cvhr gfkfre%lf `hchm cepfrhpvr ~fmohgkvghg'
Mvgjvcguh zfchmh phbvg 856>-hg khkhzhg ohb{h ~fr`hkhgkhg egpfrghzeighc oezh
mfmheglhg ~frhghg uhgk cfoeb ~izepea `hchm ~fmohgkvghg fligime `hre~h`h uhgk
zfmvch `ehzvmzelhg icfb kfgfrhze ~frphmh ~hrh hbce fligime ~fmohgkvghg ~hzjh ~frhgk' Ovlhg zfohkhe hleohp mvgjvcguh ~fg`vlvgk-~fg`vlvgk lfoedhlzhhhg-
lfoedhlzhghhg ~fr`hkhgkhg ceofrhc Ohrhp pfrzfovp' Khkhzhg ofrhzhc `hre pekh ~fgkhrvb
cheg' Lf~rebhpeghg ~h`h lfzfgdhgkhg `fqezh gfkfre-gfkfre ofrlfmohgk# pvmovbguhlflfjf{hhg ~h`h zprhpfke zvozepvze em~ir `e Hmfrelh Chpeg `hg lh{hzhg chegguh# `hg
v~huh-v~huh Ziqefp vgpvl mfgprhcezhze ~frhghg KHPP# uhgk `e~frlvhp icfb lfmvgjvchg
lflvhphg ~icepel `vgeh lfpekh' Zfohkehg lhrfgh pekh ~fgkhrvb uhgk ofrohrfgkhg ege uhgk
mfgufoholhg lfcvhrguh rfzicvze Mhdfcez ^frzfrelhphg Ohgkzh-Ohgkzh phbvg 8518 `hgmfmhjv `eh`hlhgguh Ligafrfgze ^frzfrelhphg Ohgkzh-Ohgkzh pfgphgk ^fr`hkhgkhg `hg
^fmohgkvghg "VGJPH@ E% phbvg 8510' Ege zfovhb ~frezpe{h uhgk pe`hl ohguhl irhgk
`h~hp mfrhmhclhg zf~vcvb phbvg zfofcvmguh `hg pfph~ mfgkfdvplhg oech `epegdhvlfmohce' Ohkhemhgh zfpfchb zhpv `hzh{hrzh cfoeb lfpelh ~fmofgpvlhg mi`hc# ohel aezel
mhv~vg mhgvzeh mfg`v`vle ~izeze epv' "Hrg`p# 855?4 61-58%
^hrh`ekmh Mi`frgezhze `hg Pfire ^fmohgkvghg
8?[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Zflhce~vg pfire ~fmohgkvghg mfgdh e zfmhleg rvmep lfpelh pfire ege ofrlfmohgk
mfgdh`e cfoeb egpfr`eze~cegfr# h`hchb mvgkleg vgpvl mfmof`hlhg `hchm ~fg`flhphg-
~fg`flhphg ohrv lfrhgklh `hzhr fqicvzeigfr zfohkhemhgh jere lbhz lizmicike Ohrhp'Zfohkehg ofzhr zvmohgkhgohel fligime# ~icepel# zizehc# hphv ~zelicikeofrhlhr ~h`h
~hrh`ekmh `hzhr# uhgk zflhrhgk ~hcegk oehzh `elfghc zfohkhe ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze'
^fmohgkvghg `e~hg`hgk zfohkhe zvhpv ~frz~flpea fqicvzeigfr# `hg lfh`hhglfpfrofchlhgkhg `e`faegezelhg zfohkhe ~frof`hhg-~frof`hhg hgphrh gfkhrh lhuh `hg
mezleg uhgk `h~hp `ehmhpe' ^fmohgkvghg zfjhrh pfrzerhp ofrhrpe mfgdfmohphe dvrhgk-
dvrhgk ~frof`hhg epv `fgkhg jhrh ~rizfz ~fgervhg# `e mhgh gfkhrh-gfkhrh lvrhgkofrlfmohgk chmohp chvg mfmecele zeahp-zeahp gfkhrh eg`vzpre' Pvkhz mfgkhghcezez zeahp
uhgk hlhg `eperv `eohke ofrzhmh hgphrh hbce-hbce fligime# zizehc `hg ~icepel# zfbegkkh
ofofrh~h ecmv{hg mfgklbvzvzlhg `ere ~h`h zprvlpvr fligime# uhgk cheg `hchm pegklhb
chlv mhgvzeh# cfmohkh-cfmohkh mhzuhrhlhp `hg ~fmohgkvghg ~icepel'
Mi`frgezhze ofrhrpe bhc-bhc uhgk ofrof`h ohke irhgk-irhgk uhgk ofrof`h-of`h# ~h`h
lfzfm~hphg uhgk ofrcheghg ~vch' Icfb lhrfgh epv# ~hg`hgkhg ofzhr ege `ebhgpve icfb zvhpv
lflhjhvhg pfrpfgpv' Ligzf~ze ege pfchb `ekvghlhg `hchm zflvrhgk-lvrhgkguh pekh mhlgh4zfohkhe zvhpv lfcfgklh~hg zfdhrhb# zfohkhe ~rizfz ~frhcebhg ofrzfdhrhb uhgk lbvzvz# `hg
zfohkhe zvhpv lfoedhlzhghhg ~fmohgkvghg pfrpfgpv `e gfkhrh-gfkhrh @vgeh Lfpekh' Hrpelfpekhchb uhgk ~hcegk rfcfqhg `hchm ligpflz pfire ~fmohgkvghg# pfph~e mhzhchbguh ehchb
"`hg bhc epv ohrhgklhce uhgk ofrphgkkvgk dh{ho hphz `huh phrel ~frz~flpea mi`frgezhze%
ohb{h lfpekh hrpe epv lhovr' Lfoedhlzhghhg-lfoedhlzhghhg mi`frgezhze "uhgk ofrhrpe
rhzeighcezhze `hg ~fg`huhkvghhg zprvlpvr-zprvlpvr fligime `hg zizehc% pe`hl bhguh`e~hg`hgk zfohkhe vgzvr-vgzvr uhgk zprhpfke ~fmohgkvghg "uhgk mvgkleg ofrbhzec hphv
khkhc%# pfph~e zfohkhe oflfrdhguh lflvhphg-lflvhphg ofrzfdhrhb uhgk vgeqfrzhc "hrpe
~frphmh% uhgk zhgkhp mere~ `fgkhg ~frhcebhg `hre afi`hcezmf lf lh~ephcezmf `e `hchmzfdhrhb fligime Ohrhp "hrpe lf`vh%' Dh`e# `e lhchgkhg ~fgkhgvp mi`frgezhze pfr`h~hp
lhvm avg`hmfgphcez uhgk ~frjhuh ohb{h ~fmohgkvghg ~h`h `hzhrguh mfrv~hlhg ~rizfz
~fgkvchgkhg# `hg ~hrh ~fg`vlvgk uhgk pe`hl pfrchcv lhlv mfmhg`hgk mi`frgezhzezfohkhe zhpv hz~fl `hre ~frvohbhg zizehc' H`hguh ~fg`flhphg pfr hbvcv# `e mhgh
~fmohgkvghg mfrv~hlhg ~rizfz `hre `hchm# uhgk mfguh`hre ~ipfgze uhgk pvmovb `hre
`hchm zfpeh~# mhzuhrhlhp lvrhgk cfoeb `hchm ofgpvl fmorei# pfrkhgpvgk ~h`h pegklhp ~frlfmohgkhg mhzuhrhlhp# mfmvgkleglhg ~fg`flhphg epv ofroejhrh mfgkfghe
~hrh`ekmh'
Leph hlhg mfg`ezlvzelhg ofofrh~h pfire pfrlfghc `hre ofrohkhe ecmv-ecmv zizehc `e `hchmrhgklh ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze' Pfire-pfire epv `e~eceb vgpvl mfguiripe ohel egpe ~vzhp
mhv~vg khrez ~fmohphz `hre ~hrh`ekmh epv'
Lhrfgh zvmohgkhg-zvmohgkhg ~ilil lf~h`h pfire mi`frgezhze ofrhzhc `hre zizeicike#mhlh chuhlchb vgpvl mvche `fgkhg `eze~ceg ecmv ege' H`h ohguhl hbce pfire ofzhr `hchm
prh`eze ege# pfph~e pilib ~vzhpguh h`hchb Fmecf @vrlbfem uhgk mfcebhp ohb{h ~fmohkehg
lfrdh `hg `hcec `eafrfgzehze zprvlpvrhc h`hchb lflvhphhg ~fgkkfrhl `hg mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp mi`frg' Ghmvg `fmelehg# bhrvz `ejhphp ohb{h ~hrh hbce pfire lchzel pfrvphmh
ofrlf~fgpegkhg `fgkhg ~frhcebhg `hre prh`eze lf mi`frgephz `e Fri~h Ohrhp# zflhce~vg
rfcfqhgze vmvm `hre rhgjhgkhg ege lh`hgk-lh`hgk `elfmvlhlhg zfjhrh pfrzerhp' H`hchb
dvkh ~fgpegk ohb{h ~hg`hgkhg-~hg`hgkhg lchzel oehzhguh hkhl ofrzelh~ hmoeqhcfg
8:[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
pfrbh`h~ ~rizfz mi`frgezhze# zfohkhemhgh `e~frcebhplhg icfb ligzf~ze @vrlbfem
mfgkfghe hgimef `hg lfhzuelhg Lhrc Mhr `fgkhg hcefghze' ^fgkhmhphg lfpekh uhgk
rfcfqhg h`hchb ohb{h pfire mi`frgezhze zfohkhe ohkehg `hre prh`eze fqicvzeigfr uhgk cfoebofzhr# `hre mhgh pfire epv mfmofgpvl prh`eze uhgk ~hcegk ohrv# mfmhbhme ~frvohbhg
zizehc zfohkhe zvhpv ~rizfz uhgk ~h`h `hzhrguh ofrhzhc `hre `hchm' Lhme mfgflhglhg
lhph ~h`h `hzhrguh lhrfgh qhrehofc cvhr zfregk lhce `ekvghlhg vgpvl mfgfrhgklhgohkhemhgh ~rizfz mi`frgezhze epv `ejfpvzlhg# zf~frpe `hchm ~frguhphhg-~frguhphhg Mhr
`hg Fgkfcz uhgk pfrlfghc mfgkfghe avgkze licigehcezmf vgpvl mfgufrfp mhzuhrhlhp-
mhzuhrhlhp uhgk mhjfp lf `hchm zfdhrhb' Ghmvg `fgkhg `fmelehg# ~ipfgze vgpvlmi`frgezhze pfrcfphl `ehm `e `hchm mhzuhrhlhp uhgk ofrzhgklvphg' Ohke mfrflh uhgk
~hcegk zfpeh lf~h`h ~hrh`ekmh epv# mi`frgezhze h`hchb zvhpv ~rizfz zfdhrhb ligklrfp uhgk
ofrchgkzvgk `hchm mhzuhrhlhp pfrpfgpv zfchmh dhgklh {hlpv pfrpfgpv'
Lfrhgklh lchzel epv mvgjvc `hchm ofgpvl mi`frg `hchm qhrehofc ~ich Phcjipp ^hrzig#
~hbhm lflbvzvzhg~hbhm vgeqfrzhcez# hzhc mvch ~fgjh~hehg# `hg ~fgufohrhg
~fgklbvzvzhg' Vgpvl mfcfgklh~e rhgphe ~fgkhrvb ege# Ofrp Bizfcept chb uhgk ~frphmh-
phmh mfgfrh~lhg qhrehofc-qhrehofc ~ich ^hrzig pfrbh`h~ mhzhchb ~fmohgkvghg `hglfpfrofchlhgkhg' Mhzuhrhlhp ofrkfrhl mfchcve ~fmohgkvghg hphv mi`frgezhze zfohkhe
~hbhm lflbvzvzhg# hzhc mvch `hg ~fgufohrhg# `hg `ekhgpe icfb ~hbhm vgeqfrzhcez# ~fgjh~hehg `hg ~fgklbvzvzhg' @hchm lfguhphhg mi`frgezhze zhgkhp mere~ `fgkhg
~fgkohrhphg# uhepv ohb{h gfkhrh ofcvm ofrlfmohgk bhrvz mfmejv cfmohkh-cfmohkh
uhgk mfgdh`e jere gfkhrh-gfkhrh lhuh `e Ohrhp' @fgkhg `fmelehg mhlh rhmhchg Mhr
ohb{h gfkhrh lvrhgk ofrlfmohgk mfcebhp jfrmeg mhzh `f~hgguh ~h`h gfkhrh-gfkhrhmhdv# mfgdh`e lfguhphhg'
Vgpvl mfmofrelhg jigpib uhgk mfguem~hgk `hre zizeicike# leph `h~hp mfgecel zfdfghl~h`h lhruh Ohregkpig Miirf# Pbf Zijehc Irikeg ia @fmijrhju hg` @ejphpirzbe~ "8511%#
`e mhgh ohkehg vgecegefr uhgk ofkepv lbhz `hre ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze zhmh zflhce
`epegkkhclhg# `hg zfohcelguh pekh dhcvr uhgk rfcfqhg mfgvrvp zfdhrhb lf hrhb mi`frgezhze`ee`fgpeaelhze zfohkhe rfqicvze oirdvez lchzel "Egkkrez%# rfqicvze `hre hphz "Dfrmhg%# `hg
`hre rfqicvze oh{hb "_vzeh%' @e zege leph pe`hl mfgdvm~he `fpfrmegezmf `hchm hghcezez
~frhcebhg zfrph pe`hl h`h ~rhhgkkh~hg mfgkfghe ~fmvzhphg zfpfchb ~frhcebhg# pfph~emfgvrvp ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze# pfire Miirf pfgphgk ~frlfmohgkhg bhguh
mfm~frpemohgklhg ahlpir-ahlpir `hre `hchm zhdh' Bhc ege pfgpv zhdh cfoeb rfhcezpez ohke
gfkhrh-gfkhrh ofzhr# zf~frpe Eg`eh `hg Jegh# `hre~h`h ohke gfkhrh-gfkhrh lfjec# zf~frpe
Phgthgeh `hg Dhmhejh "uhgk pe`hl mhzvl ~frpemohgkhg%# pfph~e `hchm lhzvz-lhzvz uhgk`e~eceb icfb Miirf epv zflhce~vg# zezpfm egpfrghzeighc zfbhrvzguh `eofre ~frhg uhgk cfoeb
~fgpegk `e `hchm hghcezez' Mvgkleg uhgk uhgk ~hcegk pfrlfghc `hre zvmohgkhg fligime
`e `hchm prh`eze pfire mi`frgezhze h`hchb zvmohgkhg uhgk `eofrelhg icfb [hcp _izpi{#uhgk mfmhbhme ~fmohgkvghg zfohkhe zfdvmchb phbh~ uhgk mfgkbvovgklhg lfh`hhg
prh`ezeighc `fgkhg h~h uhgk `ezfovp _izpi{ lfmhphgkhg' ^frlfmohgkhg ege `ehghcezez
pfrvphmh zfohkhe zvhpv ~rizfz `hre `hchm'
@ilpreg [hcp _izpi{ uhgk mfmheglhg ~frhghg ~fgpegk zfchmh hlber phbvg 856>-hg `hg
851>-hg mfrv~hlhg vgklh~hg lbhz `hre ~hrh`ekmh ~frlfmohgkhg Ohrhp' H`h cemh phbh~
uhgk bhrvz `echcve icfb zfmvh mhzuhrhlhp# uhepv "8% mhzuhrhlhp prh`ezeighc< "?% phbh~
80[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
~rhpegkkhc chg`hz< ":% cf~hz chg`hz< "0% dhchg lf hrhb lfmhphgkhg< `hg "6% mhzuhrhlhp
ligzvmze mhzzhc'
^frzuhrhphg fligime vgpvl pegkkhc chg`hz `eje~phlhg zfchmh phbh~ lf`vh# `hg ohguhl
jere-jere mhzuhrhlhp prh`ezeighc lfmv`ehg `ebh~vzlhg' ^ri`vlpeqephz ~frphgehg mfgegklhp
`fgkhg jf~hp `hg ~rhzhrhgh uhgk cfoeb ofr huh-kvgh `eohgkvg' Mhzuhrhlhp dvkhmfgkfmohgklhg zvhpv mfgphcephz ohrv# `hg dvkh zvhpv lfchz ohrv lhvm vzhbh{hg'
Phbh~ lfpekh# phbh~ pegkkhc chg`hz# h`hchb ~hcegk ~fgpegk ohke ~frlfmohgkhg
zfchgdvpguh' @hchm dhgklh {hlpv egechb# uhgk mfce~vpe ofofrh~h `hzh{hrzh# bhmohphg-bhmohphg pfrhlber ~h`h ~fmohgkvghg fligime `ebh~vzlhg' ^frphg`h uhgk ~hcegk lbhz
`hre phbh~ pegkkhc chg`hz ehchb ohb{h zvmohgkhg egqfzphze `hg zem~hghg gfppi ~h`h
~fg`h~hphg ghzeighc ghel `hre cemh ~frzfg mfgdh e zf~vcvb ~frzfg hphv cfoeb# uhgk
mfmoh{h hleohp ~h`h ~rizfz eg`vzprehcezhze# `e mhgh zflpir-zflpir pfrpfgpv uhgkmfgkhmoec ~frhg ~fmem~eg' Pflgicike mi`frg `ezfohrcvhzlhg `hre zflpirzflpir uhgk
mfmem~eg# `hchm ~h`h epv ~frfligimehg ofrkfrhl lf hrhb phbh~-phbh~ lfmhphgkhg `hg
ligzvmze mezhc' Mfgvrvp _izpi{# bvovgkhg-bvovgkhg egpfrghzeighc `hchm
lfguhphhgguh mfmhgk mfm~frjf~hp ~rizfz ~frlfmohgkhg# pfph~e mfm~vguhe ~fgkhrvbzf`elep zhdh `fgkhg lfpfrofchlhgkhg _izpi{ ofrof`h `fgkhg ~hrh hbce pfire ~fmohgkvghg
pfr`hbvcv lhrfgh ~fg`flhphgguh uhgk dhvb cfoeb cvhz "eh mfmhg`hgk pfireguh zfohkhezvhpv hcpfrghpea ohke pfire Mhrez%# ghmvg vgzvr lvgje `hchm ~fmelerhgguh
ohkhemhgh~vg dvkh h`hchb ~riufl ~fmofgpvlhg mi`hc'
H`hchb mfghrel vgpvl mfmohg`egklhg hghcezez ege `fgkhg hghcezez Hchhg`frKfrzjbfglrig# uhgk ofrof`h `fgkhg hghcezez _izpi{ `hchm pekh bhc' Mfgvrvp ~hg`hgkhg
lhme# ~frof`hhg-~frof`hhg ege mfg`fmigzprhzelhg zhm~he pegklhphg mhgh zfzfirhgk
`h~hp ofrhgdhl `hre ~fmelerhg-~fmelerhg ~ilil zvhpv ~hrh`ekmh phg~h mfrvzhlguh'^frphmh-phmh hghcezez Kfrzjbfglrig "mfgkfghe ~rizfz eg`vzprehcezhze ofrohkhe gfkhrh `e
Fri~h% ofrlfghg `fgkhg zvhpv ~rizfz zfdhrhb lbvzvz# zf`hgklhg phbh~-phbh~ uhgk
`elfmvlhlhg _izpi{ `ehgkkh~ ofrchlv zfjhrh vgeqfrzhc' Lf`vh# h~h uhgk phm~hlzfohkhe ~rhzuhrhp `hchm hghcezez _izpi{ `e zege pemovc zfohkhe bhzec `hre ~rizfz
~frlfmohgkhg' ^rizfz ege `h~hp mvche zflhce~vg lflvrhgkhg ~rhzuhrhp cf{hp h~h uhgk
`ezfovp icfb Kfrzjbfglrig zfohkhe ~rizfz zvozepvze' Ahlpir ~hcegk ~fgpegk h`hchbgfkhrh uhgk lfkehphg-lfkehphgguh `h~hp mfghmohc ~fgkvzhbhhg# ~hzhrhg mi`hc# `hg
zfohkheguh' Lfpekh# ligpflz egpfrghzeighc mfmhzvle hghcezez Kfrzjbfglrig zfohkhe zvhpv
ahlpir ~fgufoho uhgk ~fgpegk# uhgk cf{hp lfmvgkleghg zvozepvze# mfmvgkleglhg ohke
zvhpv gfkhrh vgpvl mfgkhmoec mhgahhp `hre pfrlgicike gfkhrh-gfkhrh cheg `hg `fgkhg`fmelehg mfcim~hpe phbh~hg-phbh~hg' Zflhce~vg h`h ~frof`hhg-~frof`hhg ege# uhgk
`fgkhg dfchz mfgvgdvl ~h`h lfcfmhbhg ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze# leph mvgkleg `h~hp
mfgkhgkkh~ zvmohgkhg Kfrzjbbfglrig zfohkhe ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg oehzh"mfgvgdvllhg ~fguem~hgkhg-~fguem~hgkhg ofrohbhuh% `e `hchm rhgklh ~hrh`ekmh
mi`frgezhze'
Mhzhchb lfpfrofchlhgkhg# zfohkhemhgh leph mfgkfghcguh `f{hzh ege# pe`hl mfg`h~hp
pfm~hp `hchm ~hrh`ekmh ege' Bhguh h`h zhpv phbh~ lfpfrofchlhgkhg uhgk mvrge# uhgk `e
hphzguh bhrvz mfgkelvpe zvhpv ~rizfz uhgk mfmofohzlhg lflvhphg-lflvhphg
mi`frgezhze' Lflvhphg-lflvhphg ege `ecebhp zfohkhe pvmovb `hre `hchm `e zfmvh
86[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
mhzuhrhlhp `hg zfdhvb h`h lfovpvbhg hlhg zhpv pfire mfgkfghe lfpfrofchlhgkhg#
avgkzeguh h`hchb vgpvl mfgkhghcezez bhmohphg-bhmohphg lf hrhb
mi`frgezhze`hg~frch{hghg pfrbh`h~ ~frvohbhg' Kfrzjbfglrig zfjhrh rfhcezpezmfgvgdvllhg hz~fl mvcpegefr `hg ~rizfz ege pfph~e ohblhg `e `hchm hghcezezguh ~vg irhgk
mfm~vguhe ~hg`hgkhg girmhpea `e gfkhrh-gfkhrh epv# zfpfchb mfgjh~he phbh~ pegkkhc
chg`hzguh "uhgk icfb Kfrzjbfgrig `ezfovplhg zfohkhe Zfm~riphg Ofzhr%# bhrvzlfmohce lf dhcvr ~fmohgkvghg uhgk oehzh'
Phbh~-phbh~ _izpi{ ~h`h `hzhrguh ofrhzhc `hre ~fmof`hhg hgphrh prh`eze `hgmi`frgephz uhgk zv`hb `elfghc ohel `hre zizeicike lchzel `hg hghcezez [fofr mfgkfghe
mi`fc-mi`fc e`ffc' Mhegf mfcvlezlhg ~frhcebhg `e hgphrh lf`vh lfh`hhg epv `fgkhg
ezpechb zphpvz ch{hg ligprhl' @vrlbfem ofroejhrh mfgkfghe zice`hrephz mflhgez ch{hg zice`hrephz irkhgez' Piggefz ofroejhrh mfgkfghe Kfmfegzjbhap ch{hg Kfzzfczjbhap' Phl`h~hp `eegklhre ohb{h h`h qfrze-qfrze ~hrh`ekmh ege uhgk cfoeb hphv lvrhgk gdcemfp# pfph~e
`hchm ofgpvlguh uhgk cfoeb ofrzhbhdh ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze ofrchlv zfohkhe zvhpv
e`ficike ~fmohgkvghg uhgk zfjhrh zf`frbhgh mfrhzeighclhg licigehcezmf lvcpvrhc'
Mfgkfghe bhc ege pe`hl h`h uhgk cfoeb dfchz chke `hre~h`h `e oe`hgk ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg~icepel# `e mhgh prh`eze vgpvl mfgklhde ~frvohbhg h`hchb dhvb cfoeb chmh `hre~h`h `e
`hchm zizeicike'
Mi`frgezhze ~icepel# uhgk bhrvz `ejh~he icfb ~fmohgkvghg ~icepel pfrzvzvg zfzvhe
`fgkhg mi`fc `fmilrhze ~hrcfmfgpfr `hre Egkkrez hphv "oechmhgh hbce pfire Hmfrelh
Vphrh pfrcebhp `e `hchmguh% zvhpv `fmilrhze ~rfze`fgphc `hre pe~f Hmfrelh Zfrelhp' @hchmlfguhphhgguh hcerhg ege `elvhzhe icfb ~hrh ecmv{hg Hmfrelh Vphrh' Lfrhgklh khkhzhg
mfrflh vgpvl zfohkehg ofrhzhc `hre qhrehofc-qhrehofc ~ich pfrzfovp `e hphz'
Khorefc H' Hcmig` h`hchb ~fmem~eg egpfcflpvhc kfrhlhg ohrv epv `hg lhruh vphmh uhgk
mfgvgdvllhg dhchgguh h`hchb Pbf ^icepejz ia pbf @fqfci~egk Hrfhz "8518% uhgk
`ezvgpegk icfb Hcmig` `hg Dhmfz Z Jicfmhg' Zfohkhemhgh `epvgdvllhg icfbBvgpegkpig# lhruh ege cfoeb ohguhl mfmoejhrhlhg ~frohg`egkhg ~icepel `hre~h`h
~fmohgkvghg ~icepel' ^fg`flhphg ~fmohgkvghg mfguvzvc fghm phbvg lfmv`ehg
`hchm zvhpv lhruh uhgk `epvcez icfb Hcmig` ofrzhmh-zhmh `fgkhg JO ^i{fcc"Jim~hrhpeqf ^icepejz4 h `fqfci~mfgp H~~rihjb%' @e zege# ~fmohgkvghg ~icepel
`e~hg`hgk zfohkhe zhpv hz~fl `hre mi`frgezhze uhgk cfoeb cvhz# uhgk mfm~vguhe pekh
lrepfreh4 `eafrfgzehze zprvlpvrhc# ipigime zvozezpfm# `hg zflvcfrezhze lfov`huhhg' ^fgvcez-
~fgvcez chegguh mfgflhglhg lrepfreh uhgk ofrof`h pfph~e lfohguhlhg `hre mfrflhmfmhg`hgk ~fmohgkvghg ~icepel zfohkhe zvhpv ligzf~ze uhgk rvmep "uhepv ligzf~ze
uhgk mfgjhlv~ ofofrh~h `emfgze% `hg zfohkhe zhpv vgzvr mi`frgezhze' Icfb lhrfgh epv#
mfrflh pfrdfohl `hchm ecvze pflgicike uhgk zhmh zf~frpe bhcguh pfire mi`frgezhzezizeicike' Lh`hr ~fmohgkvghg ~icepel hphv mi`frgezhze ~icepel zfjhrh pfrzerhp
`ee`fgpeaelhzelhg `fgkhg ~frof`hhg-~frof`hhg lfcfmohkhhg hgphrh zezpfm `fmilrhze
Ohrhp `hg ofrohkhe zezpfm ~icepel prh`ezeighc' ^hrh ecmv{hg ~icepel uhgk ~frke cvhr gfkfrevgpvl mfm~fchdhre {echuhb-{echuhb uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk ~h`h phbvg 851>-hg
`fgkhg `fmelehg mfmegdhm `fgkhg ofohz `hre zhghlguh uhgk cfoeb ofr~fgkhchmhg< ecmv
fligime "~fmohgkvghg ~icepel% `hg zizeicike "mi`frgezhze ~icepel%' Pfgpv zhdh#
~fgkhchmhg-~fgkhchmhg ch~hgkhg ege mfm~vguhe ~fgkhrvb uhgk zf{hdhrguh hphz pfire'
81[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Zvhpv zpv`e uhgk `h~hp `elhphlhg pfrmhzvl `hchm ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze# zf`hgklhg
`hchm bhc epv vgpvl zfohkehg mfgfgphgkguh# h`hchb lhruh @hqe` H~pfr# Pbf ^icepejz ia
Mi`frgethpeig "8516%' @e zege `eh`hlhg ~fmof`hhg hgphrh zvhpv zezpfm ~frvdvlhg
lfmohce `hg zvhpv zezpfm mioecezhze' Uhgk pfrzfovp pfr`hbvcv ofrlhephg `fgkhg zvhpv
zezpfm ~icepel uhgk mi`frg# ~cvrhcezpel# zf`hgk uhgk ofchlhgkhg mfrv~hlhg phbh~ ~frhcebhg hgphrh prh`ezeighc `hg mi`frg' Zfpfchb oflfrdh `e Harelh# H~pfr mfguh`hre
ohb{h ~frhcebhg ege mfgkhg`vgk mhlgh lfpfkhgkhg-lfpfkhgkhg zizehc uhgk ofzhr' Icfb
lhrfgh epv# `e~frcvlhg zvhpv irkhgezhze ~icepel uhgk lvrhgk cfoeb ofrzeahp `elphlpir' Ege`h~hp `e~frohg`egklhg `fgkhg ~rizfz zvozepvze `hre Kfrzjbfglrig zfchmh Zfm~riphg
Ofzhr' Zezpfm mioecezhze `hg Zfm~riphg Ofzhr `fgkhg `fmelehg bhrvz `e~hg`hgk
zfohkhe ~fguem~hgkhg zfmfgphrh `hre dhcvr girmhc uhgk ofrzeahp fqicvzeigfr# `hg
khkhzhg mfgkfghe lfmohce lf `hchm girmhcpfrzerhp `hchm lf`vh pfire' Khkhzhg egemfgkvgklh~lhg# `hm~hl ~hrh`ekmh mi`frgezhze pfph~e `hchm ~h`h epv ~fgkhlvhg
mfgkfghe lfpe`hlgirmhchg mfgvgdvllhg ~fguem~hgkhg `hre ~hrh`ekmh pfrzfovp'
@hre i~pemezmf ceofrhc uhgk pfrzerhp `hchm ~fg`flhphg mi`frgezhze ~icepel# pe`hl ohguhluhgk pfrpegkkhc `f{hzh ege' Hcmig` zfg`ere mfgvdvl lf~h`h Zfmhgkhp ^fgkhohr Egdec
`hg Lir~z ^fr`hmhehg uhgk mfce~vpe phbvg-phbvg 856>-hg `hg 851>-hg' @hchm zvhpvlrepel mfgufcvrvb @ighc` Jrvezf I' Orefg mfgvgdvllhg ohb{h zvhpv zepvhze
egpfrghzeighc `hg `hchm gfkfre uhgk zfmhleg chmh zfmhleg pfkhgk pfchb mfgemovclhg
~frbhpehg hlh`fmez hlhg pfrpeo ~icepel `hg ovlhg ~frvohbhg ~icepel' Lh`hgk-lh`hgk
ligzf~ze hozprhl mfgkfghe lfpfrpeohg epv `ekhgpelhg vgpvl zvhpv ohbhzh uhgk cfoeblhzhr ghmvg cfoeb pf~hp' Pfph~e ege dhpvb `e cvhr lf~fgpegkhg leph zflhrhgk ghmvg cfoeb
pf~hp' Pfph~e ege dhpvb `e cvhr lf~fgpegkhg leph zflhrhgk `fgkhg pfire mi`frgezhze#
zflhce~vg bhc epv mfmofre jigpib ofph~h ~frbhpehg hlh`fmez uhgk ofrvohbmfgjfrmeglhg thmhgguh' "Bfppgf# 85264 :;-0:%
Mi`frgezhze# [fzpfrgezhze# `hg Lfpfrkhgpvgkhg
Mi`frgezhze mfrv~hlhg zhpv `e hgphrh ligzf~-ligzf~ uhgk ~hcegk lhovr `faegezeguh `e`hchm lf~vzphlhhg ecmv zizehc' Afgimfgh epv pe`hl `e~fregje ohkhemhgh mfzpeguh `hg
mfgkhg`vgk ohguhl bhc uhgk pe`hl dfchz h~h uhgk `emhlzv`lhg' @e `hchm `faegeze-
`faegeze uhgk h`h pfgphgk mi`frgezhze# irhgk `fgkhg mv`hb `h~hp mfcebhp cemh bhc uhgk
mfguicil uhgk pe`hl dfchz ~fgkfrpehgguh# uhlge4
"8% Mi`frgezhze `ezegigemlhg `fgkhg ~frvohbhg zizehc ~h`hbhc `hchm lfh`hhg uhgk
zfofghrguh zfohkehg `hre ~frvohbhg-~frvohbhg epv mfrv~hlhg lig`eze# hphv ligzflvfgze`hre ~rizfz mi`frgezhze epv zfg`ere< "?% Eh dvkh `ekvghlhg zfohkhe zegigem `hre
{fzpfrgezhze# eg`elhpir-eg`elhpirguh mfgjhlv~ ~vch vgzvr-vgzvr `hre lfbe`v~hg Ohrhp
ligpfm~irfr< ":% Eh `ehzizehzelhg `fgkhg zezpfm ~fmfregphbhg uhgk `edvgdvgk pegkke `eOhrhp "uhlge `fmilrhze%< "0% Eh zhgkhp `ee`fgpeaelhzelhg `fgkhg lh~phcezmf `hg
eg`vzprehcezmf# lf`vh bhc epv `ehgkkh~ ohel zflhce ohke mhzuhrhlhp mhzuhrhlhp uhgk
zf`hgk mfmohgkvg< `hg "6% Eh `elhjhvlhg `fgkhg mi`frgephz'
8;[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Lfjfg`frvgkhg vgpvl mfguhpvlhg ~fcohke afgimfgh `e oh{hb zhpv ghmh pfchb
mfgkhleohplhg leph pe`hl `h~hp mfgkhg`hlhg ~fmof`hhg ligzf~zeighc uhgk pfkhz-pfkhz
hgphrh ~rizfz mi`frgezhze uhgk vgeqfrzhc `hg vmvm `hg zhchb zhpv qhrehgguh `hchmofgpvlguh uhgk leph cebhp `e `hchm ~frh`hohg Ohrhp' @fgkhg `fmelehg# mhlh mi`frgezhze
`ezegigemlhg `fgkhg {fzpfrgezhze' Irhgk chcv cv~h ohb{h zfdhl hoh` lf-82# leph pfchb
mfguhlzelhg ofgpvl-ofgpvl mi`frgezhze uhgk ofrof`h `e Fri~h# Hmfrelh# Df~hgk# `hgJegh# ofcvm chke gfkfre-gfkfre chegguh `e Hzeh# Harelh# `hg Hmfrelh Chpeg `fgkhg
~fcohkhe ~fgkhchmhg mfrflh uhgk ofrof`h-of`h `hchm ~rizfz zepv' Zfirhgk jfg`eleh{hg
Df~hgk pfchb mfgkh`hlhg ~fmof`hhg zfohkhe ofrelvp4 [fzpfrgezhze ofrhrpe mfgkkhgpelhgzhpv vgzvr lfov`huhhg hzce `fgkhg vgzvr `hre Ohrhp# pfrmhzvl vgzvr lfov`huhhg hzce
`fgkhg vgzvr `hre Ohrhp# pfrmhzvl ~frhghg avgkzeighcguh' Zhchb zhpv jigpib h`hchb
`ekhgpelhgguh ohbhzh Df~hgk `fgkhg ohbhzh Egkkrez zfohkhe ohbhzh limvgelhze `hchm
lhchgkhg-lhchgkhg pfrpfgpv' Mi`frgezhze ofrhrpe mfmofre ofgpvl ohrv lf~h`h zvhpvzezpfm lfov`huhhg phg~h bhrvz mfgkkhgpelhgguh `fgkhg lfov`huhhg Ohrhp' Jere-jere
mi`frgezhze mfgvrvp Lezbemipi h`hchb ~fmofrehg pflhghg uhgk lvhp lf~h`h rhzeighcephz#
~fgkkvghhg pfghkh mflhgez zfjhrh mfcem~hb# vrohgezhze uhgk zfmhleg mfgegklhp `hre
lfbe`v~hg zizehc# `hg ~fgkbhrkhhg uhgk cfoeb mfg`hchm pfrbh`h~ geche-geche mhgvzeh{euhgk mfg`irigk zfmhgkhp `fmilrhze'
^fmofrehg ege h`hchb qephc ohke mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp ovlhg-Ohrhp uhgk egkeg
mfchlzhghlhg mi`frgezhze zhmoec pfph~e mfm~frphbhglhg e`fgpephz lfov`huhhg
eg`eqe`vhc mfrflh'
Vgpvl mfgkhphze lflvrhgkhg-lflvrhgkhg `hg lflhovrhg `e `hchm ~fgkvghhg ezpechb
mi`frgezhze zf~frpe uhgk `ezfovp `e hphz epv# mhlh Bvzzheg Hchphz mfmofre `faegeze
mi`frgezhze h`hchb ~rizfz `e mhgh ~fgkfphbvhg ecmehb mi`frg uhgk mfce~vpe zfkhchhz~fl lfbe`v~hg mhgvzeh `emhzvllhg# `hchm lh`hr uhgk ofrof`h-of`h# mvch-mvch lf
`hchm ~frh`hohg Ohrhp# `hg lfmv`ehg `ezfohrlhg lf `vgeh ovlhg-Ohrhp# `fgkhg ~fcohkhe
jhrh `hg icfb ~fcohkhe lfcim~il# `fgkhg pvdvhg pfrhlber mfgjh~he phrha be`v~ uhgk cfoebmfmvhzlhg `hchm hrpe uhgk zfcvhz-cvhzguh mfgvrvp mhuirephz uhgk ofrzhgklvphg'
@e `hchm `vh ~fgfroephg uhgk pfr`hbvcv# Hchphz pfchb mfmohbhz zfjhrh ~hgdhgk cfohr ~frof`hhg ligzf~zehc hgphrh ~rizfz mi`frgezhze `hg ~rizfz {fzpfrgezhze' Leph bhrvz
mfmof`hlhg# `e zhpv ~ebhl# hgphrh mi`frgezhze `hg {fzpfrgezhze# `hg `e cheg ~ebhl# hgphrh
mi`frgezhze `hg gig-mi`frgezhze' Pe`hl zfmvh bhc `e `hchm lfbe`v~hg leph ege `h~hp
`emi`frgezhzelhg' @h~hplhb leph vm~hmhguh# mfmi`frgezhzelhg zfr`h{h9 Mfmhgkofghr leph `h~hp mfguehrlhg zfr`h{h mfchcve pfcfqeze `hg rh`ei# hlhg pfph~e `hchm bhc epv
uhgk `emi`frgezhzelhg bhguhchb jhrh ~fguhm~hegguh `hg ovlhg ~frovhphg ofrzfr`h{h
epv zfg`ere' Ofkepv ~vch# leph pe`hl `h~hp ofroejhrh pfgphgk zvhpv zfguvmhg uhgk mi`frg'Zfguvmhg zfirhgk ~frfm~vhg _imh{e uhgk jhgpel ofrhoh`-hoh` zfofcvm Lrezpvz
h`hchb zhmh dfgezguh `fgkhg zfguvmhg zfirhgk dfceph thmhg zflhrhgk' Ohkhemhgh~vg#
Hg`h pe`hl `h~hp mfmovovblhg lhph zeahp zf~frpe prh`ezeighc `hg mi`frg lf~h`hlfchlvhg zf~frpe zfr`h{h `hg pfrzfguvm' Dvkh `e oe`hgk fpelh pfr`h~hp geche-geche uhgk
pe hl `h~hp `eofre hrpe prh`ezeighc hphv mi`frg' Ligzf~ lfdvdvrhg mfgufrphe leph
zf~hgdhgk zfdhrhb `hg eh ofravgkze `e oe`hgk `e mhgh ~frvohbhg pe`hl `eegkeglhg icfb
lhrfgh leph pe`hl mfgkbhrkhe lfohcelhg `hre ligzf~ epv'
82[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
@hchm lhephgguh `fgkhg mhzhchb egechb egkeg zhuh hdvlhg ~f`imhg-~f`imhg pfrpfgpv
ohke ~fmelerhg mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk'Pfrcfoeb `hbvcv ~frlfghglhg zhuh mfgvgdvllhg qhce`ephz ligzf~ mi`frgezhze uhgk ~h`h
bhlelhpguh mfrv~hlhg ~fg`hbvcvhg ohke ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `hg pflgicike mi`frg'
Zflhrhgk ege# mi`frgezhze pfchb `ehzizehzelhg `fgkhg zfdvmchb jere `hre mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zv`hb mhdv# zf~frpe zflvchrezhze# eg`vzprehcezhze# limfrzehcezhze#
mioecephz zizehc uhgk mfgegklhp# phrha be`v~# mhpfrehc uhgk mfgegklhp# phrha ~fg`e`elhg#
`hg mfcfl bvrva uhgk mfgegklhp' @haphr jere-jere epv `h~hp `ephmohb zfbegkkh mfgjhlv~bhc-bhc zf~frpe ligzvmze uhgk pegkke `hre fgfrke uhgk phl ofrguh{h# ~i~vchze ~frphgehg
uhgk cfoeb lfjec oech `eohg`egklhg `fgkhg ~i~vchze eg`vzpre# `hg dhregkhg dhmeghg-
dhmeghg zizehc uhgk mfcvhz'
Jere-jere `hre zhpv mhzuhrhlhp mhdv uhgk mi`frg zf~frpe uhgk `ezfovplhg `e hphz epv bhrvz
`ecebhp zfohkhe bhzec-bhzec uhgk `ejh~he icfb mi`frgezhze' ^rizfz mi`frgezhze epv zfg`ere
bhrvz `ezichze `hre bhzec-bhzecguh'
Ofgpvl mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zflhrhgk# uhgk zfjhrh zprvlpvrhc ofrof`h `hre ofgpvl mhzuhrhlhp
`e thmhg chm~hv "lhphlhgchb# zhpv hoh` uhgk chcv%# mfrv~hlhg bhzec `hre prhgzairmhzeuhgk ofrchgkzvgk `e oh{hb ~fgkhrvb ~rizfz mi`frgezhze'
Hlhg pfph~e# ovlhgchb mhlzv` zhuh vgpvl mfmofre zvkfzpe ohb{h fafl-fafl uhgk
`ebhzeclhg icfb mi`frgezhze epv pe`hl ~fgpegk hphv pe`hl ~frcv pfrchcv `e~frbhpelhg' Uhgkegkeg zhuh zhrhglhg h`hchb hkhr leph mfmof`hlhg ~rizfz mi`frgezhze `hre fafl-fafl uhgk
`ebhzeclhgguh' Uhgk hozhb zfjhrh zfjhrh vgeqfrzhc bfg`hlguh `eezichze `hre bhc-bhc
lvcpvrhc uhgk ofrzeahp rfchpea' Zhpv mhzhchb uhgk hghcik pfchb `erhzhlhg icfb Mhi Tf@igk `hchm bvovgkhgguh `fgkhg mhrezmf `hg mi`frgezhze Jegh' @e phbvg 8505# eh
ofrlhph# vgpvl mfmoegh lfov`huhhgguh zfg`ere# Jegh bhrvz mfgkhzemechzelhg ohguhl
bhc `hre lfov`huhhg hzegk uhgk ~rikrfzea# `hg `hchm bhc ege leph jvlv~ ofrvzhbh `e mhzhchcv' Leph bhrvz mfgkhzemechzelhg h~h zhdh uhgk ofrkvgh ohke leph zflhrhgk# pe`hl bhguh
`hre lfov`huhhg-lfov`huhhg zizehcez `hg `fmilrhze-ohrv thmhg lege# mfcheglhg dvkh
`hre lfov`huhhg-lfov`huhhg uhgk pfr`hbvcv `hre ohgkzh-ohgkzh cheg' Ofkepv ~vch# `hchmmfgfrh~lhg mhrezmf `e Jegh' Lfofghrhg mhrezmf uhgk vgeqfrzhc bhrvz
`elimoeghzelhg `fgkhg jere-jere ghzeighc uhgk lbhz `hg `eofre ofgpvl ghzeighc uhgk dfchz
hkhr `h~hp ofrkvgh# `hchm lfh`hhg uhgk ohkhemhgh~vg eh pe`hl `h~hp `epfrh~lhg zfjhrh
zvouflpea zfohkhe zhpv rvmvz zfmhph-mhph' Irhgk-irhgk Mhrez uhgk mfm~frchlvlhgrvmvz-rvmvz zfohkhe htemhp zfzvgkkvbguh bhguh mfm~frmheglhg mhrezmf `hg
rfqicvze Jegh' Lfov`huhhg Jegh bhrvz mfmecele ofgpvlguh zfg`ere'
Leph bhrvz mfgkhgkkh~ ~fgpegk ~fmof`hhg ege `hg hchzhgguh h`hchb ~izeze bezpirez leph
zfg`ere `e hphz dhchg ~fmohgkvghg' ^h`h zhhp ege leph zf`hgk pfrvz-mfgfrvz `eoimohr`er
`fgkhg ofreph-ofreph pfgphgk bhzec-bhzec uhgk `ejh~he icfb mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgkzv`hb mhdv# zf`hgklhg uhgk pe`hl lvrhgk rfcfqhgguh ohke leph h`hchb ~rizfz h{hc vgpvl
mfgjh~he bhzec-bhzec epv' ^rizfz h{hc `hre ~rfzphze epv `e @vgeh Ohrhp# Vge Ziqefp# `hg
Df~hgk `e zflephr ~frkhgpehg hoh` uhgk chcv# h`hchb `e~frlfghclhgguh ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg
`hg pflgicike mi`frg `hchm zflpir ~ri`vlze `hg zflpir-zflpir ~fgpegk chegguh `hre
85[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
lfbe`v~hg zizehc' H~hoech h`h zfzvhpv uhgk `e~fgkhrvbe icfb ~fmelerhg ecmehb mi`frg#
uhgk `ehrhblhg lf~h`h pvdvhg mfgegklhplhg ~fmhbhmhg pfgphgk lfbe`v~hg `hg hchm
zfmfzph# mfgkbh~vzlhg rhzh zhlep `hg ~fg`frephhg# mfmhdvlhg lfh echg `hglfzfdhbpfrhhg ~reoh`e# `hg mfrfgjhghlhg mhzh `f~hg lf hrhb epv# mhlh `h~hpchb leph
lhphlhg ohb{h pfchb pfrdh`e mi`frgezhze' Hlhg pfph~e# mhzhchbguh h`hchb pfph~ mfgkfghe
mhjhm mhzuhrhlhp uhgk leph hgkhg-hgkhglhg' @hre zfke bezpirez# pe`hl h`h zhpv dfgezpvgkkhc mhzuhrhlhp mi`frg' Bhc epv ofrhrpe ohb{h mfzle~vg pfr`h~hp ohguhl jere uhgk
zhmh ~h`h mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp mi`frg# pe`hl bhrvz `fgkhg zfg`ereguh mhzuhrhlhp-
mhzuhrhlhp epv pfrmhzvl `hchm dfgez uhgk zhmh'
Ohke mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk `e Hzeh h`hchb ~frcv vgpvl
mfmelerlhg lfmohce pvdvhg-pvdvhg `hg mhlgh# h~hoech gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk ofrzhgklvphg
egkeg pfph~ mfm~frphbhglhg e`fgpephz lfov`huhhg `hg rfcekei-aeciziaez mfrflh' ^h`hbhlflhpguh# h~h uhgk leph ~frcvlhg `e Hzeh h`hchb zhpv ~hg`hgkhg uhgk mfg`hzhr
pfgphgk mi`frgezhze `hg jhrh-jhrhguh' ^hg`hgkhg ege bhrvz `e`hzhrlhg hphz ecmv
~fgkfphbvhg `hg ~fgkfphbvhg uhgk rhzeighc `hg bhrvz mv`hb `elimoeghzelhg `fgkhg
prh`eze-prh`eze lfhkhmhhg `hg lfov`huhhg uhgk zv`hb h`h `e Hzeh# zf~frpe Beg`vezmf#Lrezpfg# `hg Ezchm' @e Ohrhp ~vg ~frghb pfr`h~hp ~hg`hgkhg uhgk mfg`hzhr uhgk zfrv~h#
uhgk mfgklimoeghzelhg hkhmh Lrezpfg `fgkhg bvmhgezmf uhgk pe hl ofrzeahplfhkhmhhg' Mhzhchb ~frphmh uhgk bhrvz leph khrh~ h`hchb h~hlhb h~h uhgk `e~frcebhplhg
icfb gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk eg`vzpreguh cfoeb mhdv lf~h`h gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk eg`vzpreguh
cfoeb mhdv epv mfmhgk khmohrhg mhzh `f~hg `hre uhgk `ezfovp ofchlhgkhg ege' Hlhg
pfph~e# ege ohrv mfrv~hlhg zfohkehg lfofghrhg# zfdhvb khmohrhg epv mfgkflz~rfzelhgjere-jere uhgk vmvm `hg vgeqfrzhc `hre eg`vzprehcezhze' Vge Ziqefp# vm~hmhguh# pe`hl
mfgjigpib Hmfrelh Zfrelhp# ~h`hbhc Lhrc Mhr uhgk pfchb ofrlhph# Gfkfre uhgk cfoeb
mhdv eg`vzpreguh bhguh mfgvgdvllhg# lf~h`h gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk lvrhgk ofrlfmohgk#khmohrhg `hre mhzh `f~hg mfrflh zfg`ere' Vge Ziqefp mhchb pe`hl mfchcve phbh~-phbh~
bezpirez uhgk zhmh `hchm ~frlfmohgkhgguh'
Mfgkegkhp h~h uhgk `ezfovp `e hphz epv# mhlh zflhrhgk pemovc mhzhchb pfgphgk
ohkhemhgh mfmohuhgklhg dhchg uhgk mfgvdv ~fmohgkvghg `hg mi`frgezhze uhgk
ofrcheghg epv' Bhc ege# zhuh vchgke# mfrv~hlhg mhzhchb ahczhahpe uhgk pfchb mfgvdv ~fmohgkvghg `hg mi`frgezhze uhgk ofrcheghg epv' Bhc ege# zhuh vchgke# mfrv~hlhg
mhzhchb ahczhae uhgk pfchb `e zegkkvgk `e mvlh' Uhgk zhuh mhlzv`lhg ovlhg lfovpvbhg
lfovpvbhg mhgvzeh uhgk zv`hb dfchz zf~frpe ~hgkhg `hg her uhgk jvlv~# iohp-iohphg#
pfm~hp pegkkhc `hg ~hlhehg' @hchm bvovgkhg ege# phl ~frcv leph mfgflhglhg zihc aeczhahp'Hlhg pfph~e mfgkfghe zihc-zihc zf~frpe ~fgkfrpehg pfgphgk bhl mecel# pfgphgk choh#
pfgphgk lfbe`v~hg uhgk ohel# aeczhahp bhrvz `eelvpzfrphlhg' H~hlhb ~frcv ohke
mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp Hzeh vgpvl mfgkbh~vzlhg bhl mecel ~reoh`e uhgk mfchm~velfovpvbhg eg`eqe`vhc# vgpvl mfgkbh~vzlhg lh~ephcezmf ceofrhc9 H~hoech epv ~frcv' h~hlhb
hcpfrghpeaguh bhrvz limvgezmf9 H~hlhb mvgkleg `hg ~frcv vgpvl ofrvzhbh mfgjh~he
zvhpv phph zizehc uhgk ofrcheghg `hre lf`vh-lf`vhguh9
Zhuhgkguh# ~h`h zhhp ege pe`hl h`h zf`elep ~vg ~fmelerhg uhgk mfg`hchm lf hrhb epv'
Zhpv mhzhchb uhgk cfoeb ghm~hl h`hchb vzhbh vgpvl mfgje~phlhg zhpv zfmhgkhp ecmehb'
@e ohkehg pfrofzhr gfkfre-gfkfre Hzeh lfgphrh zflhce pe`hl h`hguh lfkehphg ecmehb' @hchm
?>[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
dhgklh ~hgdhgk mi`frgezhze# zvhpv gfkfre phl hlhg ofrbhzec h~hoech zfmhgkhp ecmehbguh
cfmhb hphv pe`hl h`h zhmh zflhce' Ege mfrv~hlhg zhpv jigpib `hre zvhpv mhzhchb uhgk
qephc ohke mi`frgezhze Hzeh `hg uhgk uhgk bhrvz `e~frbhpelhg icfb jfg eleh{hg-jfg`ele{hg Hzeh zfg`ere# icfb lhrfgh jfg`eleh{hg-jfg`eleh{hg Ohrhp ~h`h vmvmguh
mfm~vguhe ~frhgklhp berhrle uhgk ofrcheghg `hchm mfguvzvg mhzhchb-mhzhchb uhgk
ofrlhephg `fgkhg zpv`e mfgkfghe Hzeh `hg ohkehg-ohkehg chegguh `hre @vgeh Lfpekh'
Zfchmh mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk pfrkhgpvgk lf~h`h mhzuhrhlhp-
mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zv`hb mhdv `hchm bhc ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `hg pfbgicike mfrflh# mhlhzfchmh epv ~vch lf~fgpegkhg-lf~fgpegkhg mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk
ofrlfmohgk hlhg pfrkhgpvgk lf~h`h lf~fgpegkhg-lf~fgpegkhg mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zv`hb
mhdv' H`h `vh mhjhm lfpfrkhgpvgkhg# uhepv lfpfrkhgpvgkhg zfmfgphrh `hg
lfpfrkhgpvgkhg uhgk pfrvzmfgfrvz' Vm~hmhguh# zvhpv gfkfre mvgkleg ~h`h~frmvchhgguh bhrvz mfgkem~ir ~v~vl' @hchm dhgklh ~hgdhgk# mvgkleg cfoeb ohel ohke
gfkfre epv vgpvl mfmovhp ~v~vl zfg`ere' Bhc ege pfrkhgpvgk lf~h`h zihc ~fgpegk-pe`hlguh
~ri`vlze ~v~vl ohke ~frfligimehg gfkfre epv vgpvl mfmovhp ~v~vl zfg`ere' Bhc ege
pfrkhgpvgk lf~h`h zeihc ~fgpegk-pe`hlguh ~ri`vlze ~v~vl ohke ~frfligimehg gfkfre epv'Mfzle~vg ofghr ohb{h gfkhrh uhgk mhgh~vg bfg`hlguh dhgkhg ofrvzhbh vgpvl
mfgkbhzeclhg zfg`ere zfkhch-zfzvhpv uhgk `e~frcvlhgguh# ghmvg lfpfrkhgpvgkhg lf~h`hgfkhrh-gfkhrh cheg `hchm bhc ohrhgk-ohrhgk uhgk fzfgzehc bhrvzchb `ehpvr hkhr pe`hl
mfmohbhuhlhg lfbe`v~hg fligime gfkhrh uhgk ofrzhgklvphg' Zvhpv lfpfrkhgpvgkhg
uhgk pfrvz-mfgfrvz lf~h`h gfkfre-gfkfre uhgk zv`hb mhdv mfgkfghe zfdvmchb ofzhr
ohrhgk ~ri`vlze `hg limi`epe-limi`epe fzfgzec chegguh hlhg mfgkbhmohp mi`frgezhzegfkfre-gfkfre uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk'
Vzhbh vgpvl mfgkfmohgklhg ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `hg pfbgicike `e gfkfre-gfkfre uhgkzf`hgk ofrlfmohgk bhrvz `epi~hgk `fgkhg ~frpvmovbhg zfmhgkhp ecmehb' Zfdvmchb
~fmeler `hre hoh` 85 pfchb mfguh`hre mhzhchb ege' Bfrtfg# vm~hmhguh# pfchb mfgkfcvb
pfgphgk `ecfpphgpezmf `hchm ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `e Vge Ziqefp `e thmhguh' ^fgkkfmhr-~fgkkfmhr ovlhg hbce epv bhguh mfgjegphe ovhb ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg ph~e pe`hl ofrmeghp
vgpvl mfmhbhmeguh' Zelh~ rhluhp _vzeh lfpelh epv uhgk `ekhmohrlhg icfb Bfrtfg dvkh
pfrjfrmeg `hchm zepvhze `e mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk `f{hzh ege'
Zfofghrguh zv`hb zfdhl chmh zfdvmchb ~fmeler `hg ~fgvcez Hzeh mfguh`hre geche `hre
zelh~ lfecmvhg' Zv`hb zfdhl phbvg 822?# zfirhgk pilib rfqicveigfr `hg ~fmohrvhg
Mvzcem# Zuf` Dhmhcv``eg Hakbhge `hre Lhclvph mfghg`hzlhg ~frcvguh lephmfgje~phlhg zfmhgkhp ecmehb `hg eh mfgflhglhg ~frhghg ~hg`hgkhg `hzhr uhgk rhzeighc
`hg ecmehb zfjhrh mfgufcvrvb `hchm mfg`irigk ~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fgkhrvb ecmv-ecmv
~fgkfphbvhg' ^frguhphhg Hakbhge epv zhgkhp ~fgpegk hrpeguh `hg zhgkhp rfcfqhg ohkemhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk `f{hzh ege' Eh mfgkhphlhg ohb{h
~fgkhdhrhg zfdvmchb ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `e zflichb-zflichb pe`hl hlhg mfchberlhg zvhpv
zfmhgkhp ecmehb licflpea pfrlfjvhce delh `elheplhg `fgkhg ~hg`hgkhg `hzhr uhgk rhzeighc`hg ecmehb zfjhrh mfgufcvrvb uhgk h`hchb zfmhgkhp aeczhahp'
Icfb lhrfgh mi`frgezhze ~h`h `hzhrguh h`hchb mfgkegpri`vlze ecmv ~fgkfphbvhg `hg
pflgicike mi`frg# mhlh jhrh ~fg`flhphg uhgk rhzeighc' Geche-geche ~frelfmhgvzehg# `hg
?8[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
chberguh zvhpv ~hg`hgkhg ecmehb uhgk mfgufcvrvb mfrv~hlhg zhpv zhzhrhg vphmh'
Mi`frgezhze ovlhg zflf`hr ~fgkkvghhg ecmv pfrh~hg zfjhrh zf~ipigk-zf~ipigk `hg zhgh-
zege' Jhrh ege zhdh pe`hl hlhg mfmvgkleglhg kicigkhg mhzuhrhlhp uhgk ofrlvhzh vgpvlmfcebhp zfcvrvb ~frmhzhchbhg `fgkhg lf`hchmhg ~fgkhghmhphg uhgk mfrv~hlhg
~frmhzhchbhg `fgkhg lf`hchmhg ~fgkhmhphg uhgk mfrv~hlhg jere `hre hlhc-ov`e uhgk
zv`hb `erfzh~e fgfrke ecmehb' H~hoech mfrflh zv`hb `h~hp ofr~eler zfjhrh ecmehb# mhlhkicigkhg uhgk ofrlvhzh `e @vgeh Lfpekh pfgpv hlhg mfmofrelhg ~reirephz vphmh lf~h`h
vzhbh-vzhbh vgpvl mfmohgkvg zflpir-zflpir uhgk ~hcegk `e~frcvlhg'
Uhgk mfrv~hlhg jere-jere zfmhgkhp ecmehb h`hchb "h% bhrph vgpvl mfgkfphbve dhregkhg
~fgufoho uhgk mfgjhlv~ zhpv ~frzihchg# "o% mfgkbhrkhe mfpi`h-mfpi`h ecmehb# "j%
mfgkkvghlhg egpfckfgzeh zfcvhz mvgkleg# "`% mfguh`hre zhcegk-lfpfrkhgpvgkhg hgphrh
~frezpe{h# vzhbh# `hg mhzhchb-mhzhchb limvgephz hphv hchm zfmfzph# "f% mfmecelelfuhleghg uhgk dfchz `hg ~rikrfzea# "a% mfmecele lfmhm~vhg vgpvl ofraeler hphz `hzhr
dhgklh ~fg`fl mhv~vg dhgklh ~hgdhgk# "k% mfmecele lfmhm~vhg vgpvl mfgegdhv zvhpv
~frzihchg `hre zfcvrvb ~frz~flpeaguh# "a% mfmecele lfmhm~vhg vgpvl pfrvz ofrvzhbh
`fgkhg kekeb h~hoech mfgkbh`h~e zvhpv mhzhchb' Mfrfgjhghlhg hphz `hzhr ~reirephz- ~reirephz uhgk lfcerv# mfgkhohelhg ofrohkhe lig`eze uhgk ~frcv vgpvl lfmhdvhg#
`e`imeghze icfb ~fmelerhg uhgk lfcerv `hre cvhr gfkfre# epv zfmvh mfgvgdvllhg lfpeh`hhgzfmhgkhp pfrzfovp `e hphz' @e Hzeh# vgzvr-vgzvr uhgk fzfgzehc `hchm ~fgkhchmhg Ohrhp
mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze `hg uhgk ~hcegk rfcfqhg ohke lig`eze-lig`eze mhzh lege leph pfchb
`ehohelhg'
Zhpv ~frezpe{h uhgk peh`h phrhguh `hchm zfdhrhb# uhgk pfchb pfrdh`e `e Ohrhp zfchmh lerh-
lerh `vh rhpvz phbvg pfrhlber h`hchb ~fgegklhphg lvhgpephpea uhgk bfohp `hchm ~ri`vlze
ohrhgk `hg dhzh' H`h zfdvmchb zfoho `hg ~fgegklhphg ege' @e hgphrh zfoho-zfoho uhgkvphmh h`hchb mflhgezmf eg`vzpre# flz~ciphze ofzhr-ofzhrhg zvmofr-zvmofr megfrhc# `hg
mfpi`h-mfpi`h ~fgkhgklvphg uhgk zv`hb zhgkhp `e~frohele' ^rfzphze epv pfchb `e~frlvhp
chke icfb lfmhdvhg afgimfghc uhgk zfrv~h `hchm oe`hgk ~frphgehg'
^frezpe{h uhgk ~hcegk ofrhrpe `hchm zfdhrhb mi`frgezhze Ohrhp h`hchb rfqicvze ~frphgehg'
_fqicvze egechb uhgk pfchb mfmvgkleglhg ofrbhzecguh rfqicvze eg`vzpre begkkh mfchm~vezvhpv zflpir uhgk pfrohphz' Zhuh hlhg mfgkkvghlhg bhc ege zfohkhe ecvzprhze mfgkfghe
lflhjhvhg `e @vgeh Lfpekh pfgphgk ligzf~ze mi`frgezhze# lfpeh`hhg lfmhg`erehg ofraeler#
khgkkvhg `hre cvhr pfrbh`h~ jhrh ofraeler leph# `hg pfgphgk lfguhphhg ohb{h bhc-bhc
pfrzfovp mfrv~hlhg hleohp `hre lfpeh`hhg zfmhgkhp uhgk rhzeighc ecmehb `hg ahczhahpe `hredfgez uhgk zfbhrvzguh mfrv~hlhg ~hg`hgkhg `hzhr leph mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze
^fgkfphbvhg ohrv pfgphgk jhrh mfghghm phghmhg ohrv `hg ofrpfrghl pfchb
mfgkhleohplhg pfrdh`eguh ~fgegklhphg uhgk afgimfghc `hre bhzec ~frphgehg `e hphz phghbuhgk pfchb `ekhrh~ zfchmh ofrhoh`-hoh`' Ligzflvfgze `hre rfqicvze ~frphgehg h`hchb cvhr
oehzh ofzhrguh' @hchm pfm~i zhpv kfgfrhze zhdh# ofrdvph-dvph ovrvb phge pfchb `ekfzfr lf
~flfrdhhg-~flfrdhhg cheg' Lig`eze-lig`eze `e Fri~h `hchm hoh` lf-82 zfofcvm pfrdh`eguhrfqicvze ~frphgehg `hchm ohguhl bhc mfgufrv~he lig`eze-lig`eze `hchm mhzuhrhlhp-
mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk# lbvzvzguh `hchm bhc lfpeh`hhg lf~hzpehg
mfgkfghe ~frzf`ehhg ~hgkhg'
??[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
@fgkhg `fmelehg dfchz ohb{h lfofrbhzechg `hchm mfghgkkvchgke mhzhchb ~hgkhgchb
uhgk pfchb mfmvgkleglhg Ohrhp vgpvl mfgfrvzlhg vzhbh-vzhbhguh vgpvl mfgjh~he
lfmhdvhg-lfmhdvhg `hchm oe`hgk-oe`hgk chegguh' Hg`helhph Ohrhp pe`hl mfgjvrhblhg~frbhpehg uhgk ofkepv ofzhr lf~h`h mhzhchb ~fgkh`hhg ~hgkhgguh# mhlh mhzuhrhlhpguh
pe`hl hlhg ofrbhzec `hchm vzhbh-vzhbh chegguh `e oe`hgk mi`frgezhze `hg eg`vzprehcezhze'
^frzuhrhphg ~frphmh vgpvl `h~hp be`v~ `fgkhg guhmhg h`hchb mhlhg uhgk jvlv~'^fchdhrhg uhgk ~fgpegk ege pfrcv~hlhg icfb ohkehg pfrofzhr mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk
zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk thmhg zflhrhgk' Ohguhl `e hgphrh mfrflh pfrkhgpvgk lf~h`h ~ebhl
cheg `hchm bhc ~hgkhg' Mfrflh cfoeb zvlh mfmofce ~hgkhg `hre~h`h mfgkbhzeclhgguhzfg`ere zfjvlv~guh' Gfkhrh-gfkhrh zf~frpe Eg eh# ^hlezphg# Ohgkch`fzb# `hg ohguhl
gfkhrh Hrho `hg Harelh ofcvm `h~hp mfmfjhblhg mhzhchb ~hgkhg mfrflh'
^frpvmovbhg ~fg`v`evl mfrv~hlhg `hceb ahqirep vgpvl mfgdfchzlhg h~h zfohoguhmfrflh ofcvm `h~hp ofrz{hzfmoh`h `hchm bhc ~hgkhg' Lfbhm~hhg hrkvmfg zf`fmelehg
hlhg pfrcebhp h~hoech `eegkhp ohb{h mhzhchb-mhzhchb uhgk zhmh dvkh pfchb `ehchme icfb
Lhgh`h `hg Hmfrelh Zfrelhp ~h`h {hlpv mfrflh zf`hgk mfchlzhghlhg eg`vzprehcezhze
mfrflh' Icfb lhrfgh ~hgkhg mfrv~hlhg mhzhchb qephc `hg ~hcegk mfg`fzhl `emhzuhrhlhpmhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk# mhlh `e~frlerhlhg ohb{h ~reirephz
vphmh hlhg `eofrelhg lf~h`h vzhbh-vzhbh vgpvl mfgegklhplhg mi`frgezhze `hg vgpvlmfgegklhplhg ~hrpeze~hze eg`vzpre `hchm zflpir ~hgkhg' Hgkkhrhg ofchgdh uhgk
`ezf`ehlhg icfb zvhpv ~fmfregphb vgpvl ~frfgjhghhg ~ri`vlze ~hgkhg# zfrph ofzhrguh
~frbhpehg uhgk `eofrelhg lf~h`h mhzhchb ege `hchm ~frfgjhghhg ~fgkkvghhg pfghkh
lfrdh# mfrv~hlhg ~fpvgdvl pfgphgk pegkkeguh ~reirephz uhgk `eofrelhg lf~h`h zihc ege'@ehohelhgguh eg`vzpre ~hgkhg dvkh mfrv~hlhg jhrh ofr~eler pfgphgk ~fmohgkvghg uhgk
cfoeb mfgkvphmhlhg eg`vpzrehcezhze `hre~h`h ~ri`vlze ~hgkhg'
^reirephz uhgk pe`hl mfmh`he uhgk `eofrelhg lf~h`h ~ri`vlze ~hgkhg bhguh mfrv~hlhg
zhpv `hre zflehg ohguhl jigpib pfgphgk h`hguh lflvrhgkhg `e `hchm ~hg`hgkhg `hzhr
mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze' Ege mfrv~hlhg zhpv jigpib pfgphgk h~h uhgk zhuh egkeg ghmhlhgmi`frgezhze uhgk zfzhp'
Mhzhchb-mhzhchb uhgk `ebh`h~e `hchm vzhbh mi`frgezhze mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgkzf`hgk ofrlfmohgk h`hchb ohguhl `hg rvmep' Uhgk zeahpguh ~hcegk ofrlfmohgk h`hchb
zeahp fcep uhgk ofrlvhzh' H`h zfdvmchb ahlpir uhgk ~hcegk mfgfgpvlhg ohke mi`frgezhze
`hg ~fmohgkvghg mhzuhrhlhp' Uhgk zv`hb dfchz h`hchb4 "8% zeahp fcep uhgk ofrlvhzh# "?%
pegklhp ~fg`e elhg rhluhp# ":% phrha be`v~ mfrflh# "0% lfh`hhg h`megezprhzeguh# "6%zvmofr-zvmofr lflhuhhg gfkfre# "1% prh`eze lfov`huhhg `hg lfhkhmhhg# `hg ";% jirhl
`hg pegklhp `imeghze fligime `hg ~icepel `hre cvhr' Zeahp fcep-fcep uhgk ofrlvhzh h`hchb
uhgk ~hcegk mfgfgpvlhg icfb lhrfgh bhc epv `h~hp mfgfgpvlhg ~fmfjhbhg zfmvhmhzhchb-mhzhchb chegguh'
Zhpv zpv`e mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze uhgk `e~vzhplhg lf~h`h zfmvh mhzhchb uhgk ofrhgflh-rhkhm lfjvhce lf~h`h mhzhchb fcep-fcep uhgk ofrlvhzh pe`hl hlhg mfgkfghe zhzhrhgguh'
^h`h zhhp leph mfgkhdvlhg ~frphguhhg-~frphguhhg mfgkfghe h~h zfohoguh zvhpv
mhzuhrhlhp pfph~ pfrofchlhgk `hg ohkhemhgh jhrhguh eh `h~hp `emi`frgezhze `hg
`eohgkvg# leph bhrvz mfgjvrhblhg zfohkehg ofzhr `hre ~frbhpehg leph lf~h`h fcepf-fcepf
?:[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
uhgk ofrlvhzh' Pe`hl jvlv~ h~hoech leph bhguh fcepf-fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh' Pe`hl jvlv~
h~hoech leph bhguh mfguegkkvgkguh zhmoec chcv' Fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh `hre dfgez mhghlhb
uhgk leph ~frcvlhg9 H~hlhb mfrflh zv`hb ofrh`h `e pfgkhb-pfgkhb leph9 Ege mfrv~hlhg ~frphguhhg-~frphguhhg ~ilil uhgk bhrvz `edh{ho h~hoech leph egkeg mfmhbhme
mi`frgezhze mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk' Mfgufovplhg zhpv-
~frzhpv mhzhchb-mhzhchb uhgk h`h# mfgkhghcezh mhzhchb-mhzhchb epv zfichb-ichb uhgkzhpv `ezfoholhg icfb uhgk chegguh phg~h mfgkbvovgklhgguh `fgkhg fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh#
h`hchb eohrhp mfgfcepe rfz~igz-rfz~igz mhgvzeh phg~h mfgkbvovgklhgguh `fgkhg iphl'
^frvohbhg zizehc uhgk ~hcegk mfgfgpvlhg h`hchb ~frvohbhg dfgez fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh'H~hoech fcepf-fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh ofrzelh~ gfkhpea# h~hoech mfrflh lirv~# `flh`fg#
ofrzelh~ mhzh oi`ib# `hg pe`hl faezezfg' Ohkhemhgh jhrhguh hkhr leph `h~hp mfgkkhgpe
mfrflh `fgkhg fcepf uhgk ~vguh zeahp-zeahp ~izepea9 Ege mfrv~hlhg mhzhchb uhgk ~hcegk
mfghgphgk `hg ~hcegk ~fgpegk `hchm mi`frgezhze mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp uhgk zf`hgkofrlfmohgk' Mi`frgezhze uhgk zfzhp uhgk pfrdh`e lhrfgh `imeghze fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh#
uhgk lvhcephz-lvhcephz mirhc `hg egpfcflpvhcguh pe`hl mfmfgvbe zuhrhp' ^fmofrehg
pflhghg ~h`h lhvm fcepf uhgk ofrlvhzh `emhlzv`lhg vgpvl mfm~frcvhz ~fmhbhmhg leph
@hchm ~rizfz vgpvl mfmhbhme lim~cflzephz uhgk cfoeb ofzhr `hre mi`frgezhze# dhcvr-
dhcvr rezfp ohrv bhrvz `eovlh' Ligzf~-ligzf~ `hg mfpi`h-mfpi`h ohrv bhrvz `erhgjhgkofr`hzhrlhg lig`eze-lig`eze fm~erez `e mhzuhrhlhp-mhzuhrhlhp zf`hgk ofrlfmohgk' Leph
bhrvz mfgkbeg`hre h~h uhgk icfb Mhi Tf @igk `ecvlezlhg zzfohkhe lfrdh lfrhz zfjhrh
`hgklhc# mfgkvm~vclhg ahlph-ahlph phg~h pfire' Leph bhrvz mfgkfmohgklhg zfkhch
lig`eze uhgk `e~frcvlhg vgpvl mfm~fricfb ~fmhbhmhg uhgk mfg`hchm# zhpv pvdvhguhgk `e`hmohlhg `e mhgh-mhgh mfzle~vg h`h ~frof`hhg-~frof`hhg `hchm zezpfm
aeczhahpguh'
^fmelerhg lfmohce mfgkfghe mi`frgezhze bhrvz mfm~frpemohgklhg zfmvh ~fgkfphbvhg
uhgk rfcfqhg ohel `hre gfkfre-gfkfre Ohrhp mhv~vg `hre gfkfre-gfkfre limvgez' H`h
zvmohgkhg-zvmohgkhg pfrpfgpv uhgk cfoeb rfcfqhg `hre Ohrhp `hg zvmohgkhg-zvmohgkhgpfrpfgpv uhgk cfoeb ~fgpegk `hre gfkfre-gfkfre limvgez' Zf~frpe `elfmvlhlhg `e hphz#
zfcflzeguh bhrvz `echlvlhg zfjhrh ligzprvlpea `hg lrepez' Leph pfrcfoeb `hbvcv bhrvz
mfgkvohb zelh~ leph' Zhpv zelh~ uhgk vmvm `hre ecmv{hg-ecmv{hg zizehc# aezelh# `hghchm leph h`hchb ohb{h mfrflh bhguh mfghrvb ~frbhpehg pfrbh`h~ ~fgkfphbvhg uhgk
ofrhzhc `hre Ohrhp' Mfgkegkhp chphr ofchlhgk egzepvzeighc mfrflh# bhc epv vgpvl zfohkehg
~h`hp `e~hbhme' Hlhg pfph~e irhgk pe`hl `h~hp mfmofohzlhg `ere `hre irhgk uhgk
mfgkig`ezelhgguh `e mhzh chm~hv `h~hp mfgdh`e zfirhgk ~fmeler uhgk mhg`ere' Eh pe`hlhlhg `h~hp mfguvmohgklhg zfjhrh faflpea# mfcheglhg bhguh zfohkhe ~fgkfjfr `hre
~fgkfphbvhg uhgk `eem~ir' @hchm zfdhrhb ofcvm ~frghb h`h mi`frgezhze uhgk ofrbhzec
uhgk `ejh~he icfb zvhpv ~em~eghg egpfcflpvhc# uhgk avgkzeguh bhguh zflf`hr mfgdvch e`f-e`f uhgk `eem~ir phg~h mfm~frpemohgkhg li`rhpguh `hg ~frcvpe`hlguh ohke vmvm'
"Hchphz# 852>4 ?;-;5%
Lrepel pfrbh`h~ Pfire ^frpvmovbhg `hg Mi`frgezhze
?0[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
Zfcheg lfofrbhzechg mfghellhg ~frpvmovbhg KG # zfmvh zprhpfke ~fmohgkvghg
fligime zfpfchb ^frhgk @vgeh EE zfchcv `elrepel lhrfgh pfrguhph zfmvh ~fg`flhphg
~fmohgkvghg `hchm lfguhphgguh pfchb khkhc mfmfgvbe dhgde mfrflh mfgufdhbpfrhblhgrhluhp `e @vgeh Lfpekh' Uhgk pfrdh`e zfohcelguh# ~fmohgkvghg pfchb mfmoh{h `hm~hl
gfkhpea# `ehgphrhguh4 ~fmohgkvghg pfchb mfchgkkfgklhg ~fgkhgkkvrhg# mfgvmovblhg
lfpe`hlmfrhphhg `hg mfghellhg lfmezleghg hozicvp# `hg cheg zfohkheguh' Zhpv pfmh `hrelrepel ege# mhgahhp `hre ~fmohgkvghg zfpfchb ~frhgk pe`hl mhm~v mfgdhgklhv irhgk
mezleg `e `vgeh# `hg bhc epv `ehgkkh~ pe`hl h`ec lhrfgh irhgk mezleg uhgk mfgkbh`h~e
mhzhchb be`v~-mhpe epv dvzprv phl pfrdhgklhv'
Zfohkhe rfz~ig# pfchb mvgjvc zprhpfke hcpfrghpea `hchm mfgjh~he ~fmohgkvghg fligime
`e @vgeh Lfpekh# uhgk `eghmhlhg ~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fmfrhphhg' Zfcvrvb
~fg`flhphg~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fmfrhphhg mfm~vguhe hz~fl vmvm# uhlge zfmvhguh ofrlfmohgk `hre lf~frjhuhhg ohb{h mi`fc ~fmohgkvghg prh`ezeighc uhgk
mfm~frjhuhlhg ~h`h ~frpvmovbhg KG^ pe`hl hlhg mfmofre lfvgpvgkhg lf~h`h lhvm
mezleg `e gfkhrh ofrlfmohgk `hg dvkh pe`hl mfmofre lfvgpvgkhg gfkhrh lf~h`h mfrflh'
Mfrflh zf~fg`h~hp ohb{h `hchm {hlpv `flhp rfqicvze zizehc pe`hl pfrdh`e `e zfohkehggfkhrh mezleg# pfph~e mfrflh mfgjhre jhrh vgpvl mfgjh~he pegklhp lfh`echg zf~frpe
rfqicvze zizehc' Phe{hg# Lirfh# Bigkligk# Ezrhfc# Df~hgk# Zegkh~vrh `hg Zrechgklh`ezfovplhg zfohkhe gfrkhrh-gfkhrh uhgk ofrbhzec'
^fg`flhphg pfrzfovp dvkh mfmecele lfzhmhhg hzvmze ohb{h ~fphge `e gfkhrh lvrhgk
ofrlfmohgk h`hchb rf~igzea pfrbh`h~ lfzfm~hphg fligime' @fgkhg `fmelehg# mhzhchb`e gfkhrh mezleg ovlhgchb pfrcfphl ~h`h ~fphge pfph~e dvzprv pfrcfphl ~h`h fcep uhgk
ofrlvhzh `e eov liph' Hlberguh# zfmvhguh mfmofre pflhghg ~h`h `emfgze zizehc `hg
~icepel pfrbh`h~ ~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fmfrhphhg' Mfrflh ofr~fg`h~hp ohb{h zhchb zhpvbhmohphg ~fg`flhphg uhgk pfchb cf{hp h`hchb pfrchcv zfm~ep ailvz mfrflh ~h`h ahlpir
fligime zf`frbhghphghb# ovrvb# `hg mi`hc`hg mfgkhohelhg ahlpir ~icepel# zizehc# `hg
ov`huh' Zflhrhgk leph pegdhv mhzegk-mhzegk ~fg`flhphg ~frpvmovbhg `hg ~fmfrhphhgmfg`h~hp ~fcohkhe lrepel# ohel `hre uhgk mfm~frphbhglhg ~fg`flhphg mi`fc prh`ezeighc#
mhv~vg `hre ~fgkhgvp ~fg`flhphg rfqicvzeigfr'
Lrepel-lrepel pfrzfovp h`hchb zfohkhe ofrelvp4 ^frphmh# lrepel `hre `hchm hphv lrepel
prh`ezeighc' H`h pekh lim~igfg vphmh uhgk mfm~frphbhglhg ~fg`flhphg prh`ezeighc'
^frphmh mfrflh uhgk mfgfgphgk lhrfgh mfgkhgkkh~ `hph uhgk mfgufrhgk mi`fc
prh`ezeighc lvrhgk qhce`' @hphguh pe`hl mfmh`he `hg lhrfghguh lfzem~vchg pe`hl oezh`ejh~he' Pe`hl h`h zhpv `hph-`hph ~vg uhgk `h~hp `e~frjhuh uhgk mfgvgdvllhg zfjhrh
hozicvp zfmhleg mfmovrvlguh lfbe`v~hg irhgk mezleg' @fmelehg bhcguh `hph
~fgkhgkkvrhg `e `vgeh lfpekh pe`hl ofrmhlgh lhrfgh ohguhl uhgk mfm~vguhe ~flfrdhhgpfph~e pe`hl oezh `elhpfkirelhg mfgkhgkkvr mfgvrvp vlvrhg vmvm# pfph~e pib oezh be`v~'
Hlberguh# iozfrqhze pfrbh`h~ gfkhrh uhgk rfchpea pe`hl h`ec zf~frpe Orhtec# dvkh pe`hlchb
dfchz'
Lim~igfg lf`vh h`hchb ~fgkhgvp ~fg`flhphg prh`ezeighc uhgk ofr~fg`h~hp ohb{h
mfmohgkvg ~f`fzhhg `hg mfghbhg hkhr irhgk `fzh pfph~ be`v~ `e `fzh h`hchb zvhpv
peg`hlhg rfhlzeigfr' Zfdhrhb mfmovlpelhg lf~h`h leph ohb{h zvmofr `eghmelh `hg
?6[fo4 {{{'~fpfrlhzfg`h'{ir`~rfzz'jimFmhec4 mr'lhzfg`hNkmhec'jim
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^fpfr Lhzfg`h
bhrh~hg ohke irhgk mezleg vgpvl mfgegklhplhg phrha be`v~ mfrflh h`hchb vrohgezhze `hg
eg`vzprehcezhze' Dvkh pfrovlpe ohb{h ~fphge `fgkhg chbhg zfm~ep pe`hl jvlv~ faezefg vgpvl
mfgegklhplhg bhzec ~frphgehg' Mvgkleg ~fphge uhgk cfoeb uhgk cfoeb faezezfg h`hchbmfrflh uhgk uhgk mfmecele phghb uhgk cfoeb `hre zhpv bflphr# h~hchke leph
mfm~
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