MEMORY REFERNCE
INSTRUCTIONS
PRESENTED BY:SURBHI
MEMORY REFERENCE MEMORY REFERENCE INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS
• The bits in IR 12 to 14 determines the memory reference instruction type if the bits were from 000 to 110.
• Used here a 3 by 8 decoder is used to decode the 3 bits to 8 lines D0 to D7, although D7 not used here.
• The effective address of the instruction is in AR and was placed there during timing signal T2 when I = 0, or during timing signal T3when I = 1.
• Data from memory must be accessed to processor during T4.
AND TO AC
D0T4 : DR M[AR]
D0T5 : AC AC DR, SC 0
ADD TO AC
D1T4 : DR M[AR]
D1T5 : AC AC+ DR, E COUT, SC 0
LDA : LOAD TO AC
D2T4 : DR M[AR]
D2T5 : AC DR, SC 0
STA : STORE AC
D3T4 : M[AR]AC, SC 0
BUN : BRANCH UNCONDITIONALLY
D4T4 : PC AR, SC 0
BSA: BRANCH AND SAVE RETURN ADDRESSD5T4 : M[AR] PC, AR AR+ 1
D5T5 : PC AR, SC 0
0 BSA 135
Next instruction
Subroutine
1 BUN 135
0 BSA 135
Next instruction
Subroutine
1 BUN 135
20
PC=21
AR=135
136
20
21
135
PC=136
(b) memory and pc after execution
(a) Memory ,PC AND AR AT TIME T4
MEMORY MEMORY
Example of BSA
ISZ : INCREMENT AND ISZ : INCREMENT AND SKIP IF ZEROSKIP IF ZERO
D6T4 : DR M[AR]
D6T5 : DR DR+1
D6T6 : M[AR] DR, if(DR=0) then (PC
PC + 1, SC 0
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