articleMO Tnh ngha: Mo t l t dng trc danh t v cho bit danh t y cp n mt i tng xc nh hay khng xc nh.Chng ta dng "the" khi danh t ch i tng c c ngi ni ln ngi nghe bit r i tng no . Ngc li, khi dng mo t bt nh a, an; ngi ni cp n mt i tng chung hoc cha xc nh c:Mo t trong ting Anh ch gm ba t v c phn chia nh sau:Mo t xc nh (Denfinite article): the Ma t bt nh (Indefinite article): a, anMa t Zero (Zero article): thng p dng cho danh t khng m c (uncountable nouns) v danh t m c dng s nhiu: coffee, tea; people, clothes Mo t khng phi l mt loi t ring bit, chng ta c th xem n nh mt b phn ca tnh t dng b ngha - ch n v (ci, con chic). 2. Mo t bt nh (Indefinite articles) - a, an - Dng trc danh t m c (s t) - khi danh t cha c xc nh (bt nh). "an" dung cho danh t bt u bng nguyn m (nhng ph thuc vo cch pht m). V d: a book, a tablean apple, an orange - c bit mt s t "h" c c nh nguyn m.V d: an hour, an honest man 3. Mo t xc nh (Definite article)3.1 Cch c: "the" c c l [di] khi ng trc danh t bt u bng nguyn m (a, e, i, o, u) v c l (d) khi ng trc danh t bt u bng ph m (tr cc nguyn m):The egg the chair The umbrellae the bookThe c c l [d] khi ng trc danh t c cch vit bt u bng nguyn m nhng c cch c bng mt ph m + nguyn m: /ju:/ v /w^n/ nh:The United Stated The Europeans The one-eyed man is the King of the blind.The university The c c l [di] khi ng trc danh t c h khng c:The [di] hour (gi) The [di] honestman The c c l [di: ] khi ngi ni mun nhn mnh hoc khi ngp ngng trc cc danh t bt u ngay c bng ph m:V d: I have forgotten the [di:], er, er the [di:], er, check.(ti b qun ci, , ..., ci ngn phiu ri)3.2 Mt s nguyn tc chung:a/ The c dng trc danh t ch ngi , vt c xc nh : Mo t xc nh "the" c dng trc danh t din t mt ( hoc nhiu) ngi , vt, s vt no c xc nh ri, ngha l c ngi ni v ngi nghe u bit i tng c cp ti. Khi ni ' Mother is in the garden' (M ang trong vn), c ngi ni ln ngi nghe u bit khu vn ang c cp ti l vn no, u. Chng ta xem nhng v d khc:The Vietnamese often drink tea.( Ngi Vit Nam thng ung tr ni chung)We like the teas of Thai Nguyen.( Chng ti thch cc loi tr ca Thi Nguyn)(dng the v ang ni n tr ca Thi Nguyn)I often have dinner early. (b ti ni chung)The dinner We had at that retaurant was awful.(Ba n ti chng ti n nh hng tht ti t)Butter is made from cream.(B c lm t kem) - b ni chungHe likes the butter of France .( Anh ta thch b ca Php) - butter c xc nh bi t France (N c ph pPass me a pencil, please.(Lm n chuyn cho ti 1 cy bt ch) - cy no cng c.b/ The dng trc danh t ch ngha ch chng loi: The c th dng theo ngha biu chng (generic meaning), ngha l dng ch mt loi:I hate the television. ( Ti ght chic tivi)The whale is a mammal, not a fish.(c voi l ng vt c v, khng phi l c ni chung) y, the television, the whale khng ch mt ci in thoi hoc mt con c voi c th no m ch chung cho tt c my in thoi , tt c c voi trn tri t ny.3.3 Nhng trng hp c bit: a/ Cc t ng thng dng sau y khng dng the :Go to church: i l Nh th go to the church: n nh th (v d: gp Linh mc)Go to market: i ch go to the market: i n ch (v d: kho st gi c th trng)Go to school : i hc go to the school : n trng (v d: gp Ngi hiu trng)Go to bed : i ng go the bed : bc n ging (v d: ly quyn sch)Go to prison : t go to the prison : n nh t (v d: thm ti phm)Sau y l mt s v d tham kho:We go to church on Sundays (chng ti i xem l vo ch nht)We go to the church to see her(chng ti n nh th gp c ta)We often go to school early.(chng ti thng i hc sm)My father often goes to the school to speak to our teachers.(B ti thng n trng ni chuyn vi cc thy c gio ca chng ti)Jack went to bed early.(Jack i ng sm)Jack went to the bed to get the book.(Jack i n ging ly cun sch)Trong khi, cc t di y lun i vi "the" :cathedral (Nh th ln) office (vn phng)cinema (rp chiu bng) theatre ( rp ht)Ch : Tn ca lc a, quc gia, tiu bang, tnh , thnh ph, ng ph, mi t, hn o, bn o , qun o , vnh , h, ngn ni khng dng mo t "the": b/ Cc trng hp dgn mo t the 1/ use of the definite article: The + noun( noun is defined) V d: I want a boy and a cook the boy must be able to speak A dog and a cat were traveling together, the cat looked black while the dog 2/ A unique thing exists (Mt ngi, vt duy nht tn ti)V d: The earth goes around the sun.The sun rises in the East. 3/ Khi mt vt dng tng trng cho c loi V d: The horse is a noble animalThe dog is a faithful animal 4/ So snh cc cpV d: She is the most beautiful girl in this class Paris is the biggest city in France 5/ Trc 1 tnh t c dung lm danh t ch 1 lp ngi v thng c ngha s nhiu V d: The one-eyed man is the King of the blind.The poor depend upon the rich. 6/ Dng trong thnh ng: BY THE (theo tng) V d: Beer is sold by the bottle.Eggs are sold by the dozen.7/ Trc danh t ring (proper noun) s nhiu ch v chng hay c h ( c gia nh)V d: The Smiths always go fishing in the country on Sundays. Do you know the Browns?8/ Trc tn: rng n, song, qun o, vnh, bin, i dng , tn sch v bo ch, v tn cc chic tu.V d: The Thai Binh river; the Philippines , the Times ...9/ Trc danh t v dn tc tn phi ch ton th V d: The Chinese, the Americans and the French were at war with the GermansThe Catholics and the protestants believe in ChristThe Swiss; Dutch; the Abrabs10/ Both, all, both, half, double + The + NounNotes: All men must die (everyone)All the men in this town are very lazy11/ Use "the" for Musical InstrumentsThe guitar (I could play the guitar when I was 6.),The piano, The violin12/ Khi sau danh t c of The history of England is interesting. trong khi cc mn hc khng c "the"I learn English; He learns history at school.