•Label the different territories that
became part of America.
•Be sure to indicate the previous owner
of the territory and the year that it was
added to the United States
Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion 1776-1853
13
Original
States
1776
Post Rev
War Cession
From G.B.
1783
LA Purchase
From France
1803
Texas Annexation
From Mexico
1845
CA and SW Territory
Mexican War Cession
1848
Gadsen Purchase
from Mexico 1853 Florida
Cession
From Spain
1819
1. The issue of
slavery
and Westward
Expansion
Issues Related to western
expansion in the united states
The Problem to Solve…
Status Quo: 11 Slave States and 11 Free States
Problem: With America poised to grow, what should the American policy be regarding the entry of new states and the issue of slavery?
Question: Should America allow new states and territories to practice Slavery or not allow slavery in any new states or territories?
The Problem Solvers = The U.S. Congress
Senate = 2 representatives from each state
House of Representatives = based on state population
The Reality: Slave states had more representatives
What to Do…What to Do?
In 1820
Missouri applies
for Statehood
and wants to
join the U.S. as
a Slave State
Congress
doesn’t want to
create an
imbalance
between slave
and free states
Solution: The Missouri Compromise
1. Maine to enter as a free state
2. Missouri to enter as a slave state
3. No slavery north of 36° 30`
latitude
Interactive map of
Missouri Compromise
• http://www.teachingamerica
nhistory.org/neh/interactive
s/sectionalism/lesson1/
The Legacy of the Missouri
Compromise: 1820-1850
Ultimately, the Compromise was a
temporary solution to the question
of slavery and territorial rights.
Soon after, America turned its
attention to internal issues such as
Indian Removal, Prairie
Settlements, and Industrialism
In the late 1840’s the issue of Slavery
and the validity of the Missouri
Compromise gets revisited as
America goes through another
period of expansion after
significant amount of land is
acquired from Mexico
2. The Indian
Problem
and Westward
Expansion
Issues Related to western
expansion in the united states
Population: A Tale of Two Peoples
By the time Andrew
Jackson became
President in 1828, the
native population east
of the Mississippi
River had dwindled to
125,000.
In contrast, the non-Indians
population had risen to 13 million.
What Stands in the way of our DESTINY to move & settle the West???
• President Jackson believed that the US Government had the right to move the Native Americans where he wanted.
– He viewed them as conquered subjects who lived within the borders of the United States.
– President Jackson believed that the American Indians stood in the way of the country’s progress.
• He pushed through the Indian Removal Act in 1830.
Conquered Subjects
• This legislation passed through
Congress would allow the
Government to forcefully remove
the Native Americans from
Southern lands to a new location.
• This area was home to the Indian
Nations of:
– Cherokee
– Creek
– Choctaw
– Chickasaw
– Seminole
The Indian Removal Act
• Throughout the next few years many of the tribes signed additional treaties or accepted payments and moved West.
• However, the most aggressive tribe in fighting the removal was the Cherokee.
Removal
• The Cherokee Nation tried to beat Andrew Jackson’s policy and the State of Georgia through the Court system.
• They created their own formal government by writing a Constitution
Fighting Fire with Fire
• The Georgia courts ruled that the Cherokee Nation didn’t exist.
• After many appeals, the case landed in the Supreme Court.
• The court case of Worcester Vs. Georgia would end in a victory for the Cherokee!
– The Treaties America signed gave the Cherokee’s legal standing as a sovereign nation
Worcester Vs. Georgia
• The Cherokee may have won the battle in court, but the lost the war with Andrew Jackson.
• President Jackson ignores the Supreme Court ruling!
Short Victory
“John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him
enforce it!”
• President Jackson immediately moved to enforce the law.
• He believed that this option was “just and liberal” and would allow the Native Americans to keep their way of life.
It will civilize them…
TribalNation
Population east of the Mississippi
before removal treaty
Removal treaty(year
signed)
Years of forced
emigration
Total number forcibly
removed
Number stayed in Southeast
Deaths during
removal
Choctaw 19,554 1830 1831–1836 12,500 7,000
2,000–
4,000+
Disease
during and
after
removal
Creek 22,700 1832 1834–1837 20,000+ 100s
3,500
(disease
during and
after
removal)
Chickasaw 4,914 1832 1837–1847 4,000+ 100s 500–800
Cherokee21,500
1835 1836–1838 20,000 + 1,0002,000–
8,000
Seminole 5,000 1832 1832–1842 2,833 250–500 700 from
warfare
The Cherokee and the Trail of Tears
• In 1838 federal troops rounded up the remaining Cherokee people living in Georgia and forced them into stockades.
– Many people were forced out with just the clothes on their back.
• That fall and winter 16,000 Cherokee were forced to march through the rain, sleet, and snow.
• The Native Americans were emotionless.
• The Cherokee refer to the time as “The trail where they cried”
• “They” referring to those who witnessed the passage of the Native Americans. 4,000 Cherokee die along the way
The Tears of those who Watched
“… When past the last detachment
of those suffering… exiles from
their native soil and their much
loved homes, and that too in this
harsh season of the year in all
their suffering, I turned from the
sight with feelings which
language cannot express and
“wept like childhood then.”
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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