Download - Mandarin Language

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MICHELLE ANNE TITULAR TAYOBA

Mandarin-English DictionaryMandarin Pinyin Pronunciation EnglishA

a ah (question particle)ai\ eye love (to)ai\/ eye short (for people)B

ba bah (particle at end of imperative sentence implying probability)ba– bah (number) eightba– yue\ bah yu–eh Augustba\ ba bah bah fatherbai/ buy whitebai/ zhi\/ buy jr paper, whitebai\/ buy (number) hundredbai\/ huo\ gong– si– buy hwaw goong dzuh department storebai\/ wan\ buy wahn (number) million (use 1 wan)bai\/ wan\ wan\ buy wahn wahn (number) ten billion (use 1 wan wan)ban\ bahn handle (to)ban\ bahn manage (to)ban\ bahn halfban\ ge zhong– tou/ bahn guh joong toe half an hour of timeban\ gong– shi\ bahn goong shr officeban\/ bahn boardban\/ ca– bahn tsah eraser for blackboardbei\/ bay northbei\/ bian– bay bee–in north sideBei\/ mei\/ zhou– bay may joe North Americaben\/ bin copy (of a book)ben\/ bin volume (of books)ben\/ ben (measure for book)ben\/ bin foundationben\/ bin originben\/ bin rootben\/ zi\/ ben dzuh notebookbi/ zi\/ bee dzuh nosebi\/ bee pen, pencil, markerbi\/ jiao\ bee jee–ow comparativelybi\/ ji\ ben\/ bee jee ben notebookbian– bee–in edgebian– bee–in sidebing\/ gan– beeng gahn cookie, crackerbo/ zi\/ bwoh dzuh neckbo– cai\ bwoh tsigh spinachbu/ cuo\ buu tswaw not bad, so-sobu/ dui\ buu dway incorrectbu/ dui\ buu dway wrongBu/ ke\ qi\. buu kuh tchee You're welcome.bu/ lun\ … dou– (hao\/) buu lwun … doe (how) no matter (choice between two things)bu/ shi\ buu shr be, not (to)bu/ shi\ zhen– de buu shr jun duh true, is notbu/ tai\ buu tie not very, not tooBu/ xie\. buu she–eh No thanks.bu/ yao\ buu yow want, don'tbu\ buu no, notbu\ buu regionbu\ buu (measure for movies)bu\ dou– buu doe not bothbu\ hao\/ buu how good, notbu\ xing/ buu sheeng do, won't; not OKbu\ xi\/ huan– buu she hwahn like, don't

Getting to the stage where over half of the people can speak Mandarin is still a key success.

1


bu/ yao\ qian/ buu yow tchee–in free (not have cost)bu\ yi/ yang\ buu ee yahng differentC

ca– tsah wipe (to)can\ dang– tsahn dahng menucan– jin– zhi\/ tsahn jeen jr napkincan– ting– tsahn teeng restaurantcha/ chah teacha– zi chah dzuh forkchang/ chahng longchang/ (chang/) chahng chahng oftenchang/ fang– xing/ chahng fahng sheeng rectanglechang/ ku\ chahng kuu pants, longChao/ xian– chow shee–in KoreaChao/ xian– ren/ chow shee–inn wren Korean peoplechao\/ fan\ chow fahn rice, friedchao\/ qing– cai\ chow tcheeng tsigh vegetables, stir–fryche– chuh cartche– chuh vehicleche– zi chuh dzuh automobileche– zi chuh dzuh carchen\ shan– chun shahn shirt, blousecheng/ chuung citycheng/ xian\ chuung shee–in Orange Countychi\/ chr rulerchi– chr eat (to)chi– fan\ chr fahn eat food, eat a meal (to)chi– wan\/ fan\ chr wahn fahn eat dinnerchi– wu\/ fan\ chr wuu fahn eat lunchchi– zao\/ fan\ chr zow fahn eat breakfastchu– chai– chuu chigh go out of town on business (to)chu– qu chuu tchu go out (to)chuan/ chwahn ship, boatchuan– chwahn wear clothes (to)chuang– hu\ chwahng huu windowchun– tian– chwun tee–in spring seasoncong/ tsoong fromcong/ … lai/ tsoong … lie come fromcong/ … qu\ tsoong … tchu go fromcong– tsoong onion, greencong– ming tsoong meeng clevercong– ming tsoong meeng intelligentcuo\ tswaw incorrectcuo\ tswaw wrongD

da\ dah bigda\ dah largeda\ hai\/ dah high ocean, bigda\ men/ dah mun gate, mainda\ shi\/ guan\/ dah shr gwahn embassyda\ tui\/ dah tway thighda\/ dah hitda\/ dian\ hua\ dah dee–in hwah telephone call, make a (to)da\/ ling\/ dai\ dah leeng die necktieda\/ qiu/ dah tcheo play ballda\/ ren/ dah wren hit (someone), spankdai\ die bring (to)dai\ die put on accessories (to)dao\ dow go to (to)dao\ (place) lai/ dow … lie come to (place)


2


dao\ (place) qu\ dow … tchu go to (place)dao\ zi\/ dow dzuh rice plantdao– dow knifedao– zi dow dzuh knife

de duh(possessive, used after word, omit for close relationship)

de duh (modifier, changes adjective into adverb)De/ guo/ duh gwaw GermanyDe/ guo/ ren/ duh gwaw wren German peopledeng\/ duung wait (to)di\ (number) ke\ dee (number) kuh lesson numberdi\ di dee dee brother, youngerdi\ fang– dee fahng placedi\ tu/ dee tuu mapdian\ che– dee–in chuh vehicle, electric; trolley busdian\ hua\ dee-in hwah telephonedian\ nao\/ dee–in now computer (electric brain)dian\ nao\/ cheng/ shi\ she\ ji\ shi–

dee-in now chuung shr shuh jee shr

computer programmer

dian\ ying\/ dee–in eeng moviedian\/ dee–in dotdian\/ cai\ dee-in tsigh order food (to)dian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joong hourdian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joong o'clockdian\/ ban\ dee–in bahn half past hour(number) dian\/ ban\ (zhong–)

dee–in bahn joong half past …

(number) dian\/ (number) fen–

dee–in … fin time (number hour:number minutes)

(number) dian\/ (number) ke\ dee–in …kuh number hour number quarterdian\/ xin– dee–in sheen dessertdian\/ xin– dee–in sheen snack, dim sumding\ shu– ji– deeng shuu jee staplerding\ wei\ deeng way reservation, make a (to)dong\/ doong understand (to)dong– doong eastDong– bei\/ doong bay Manchuria (east north)dong– bian– doong bee–in east sidedong– tian– doong tee–in winter seasondong– xi doong thingdou\ ban\ yu/ doe bahn yuu carp with hot bean sausedou\ fu\/ doe fuu beancurddou– doe alldou– doe bothdou– doe entirelyduan\/ dwahn short (length, for things)duan\/ ku\ dwahn kuu pants, shortdui\ dway correct!, right!Dui\ bu\ qi\/. dway buu tchee Excuse me. I'm sorry.dui\ hua\ dway hwah dialogdui\ le dway luh correct!, right!duo– dwaw manyduo– dwaw muchduo– shao dwaw shou how many?duo– shao dwaw shou how much?duo– shao\/ hao\ dwaw shou how how many? (quantity)duo– shao\/ qian/ dwaw shou tchee–in how much money?E

E\ guo/ uh gwaw RussiaE\ guo/ ren/ uh gwaw wren Russian peopleer/ zi urh dzuh son


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er\ urh (number) twoer\ yue\ urh yu–eh Februaryer\/ duo– urh dwaw earF

Fa\ guo/ fah gwaw FranceFa\ guo/ ren/ fah gwaw wren French peoplefan/ chuan/ fahn chwahn sailboatfan\ fahn foodfan\ fahn rice, cookedfan\ guan\/ fahn gwahn restaurantfan\/ fahn turn over (to)fan– qie/ fahn tchee–eh tomatofan– qie/ jiang\ fahn tchee–eh jee–ahng ketchupfang/ zi fahng dzuh housefang– fa\/ fahng fah meansfang– fa\/ fahng fah methodfang– fa\/ fahng fah wayfang– xiang\ fahng shee-ahng directionfang– xing/ fahng sheeng squarefei– ji– fay jee airplanefei– ji– piao\ fay jee pee–ow airplane ticketFei– zhou– fay joe Africafen\/ hong/ se\ fin hoong suh pink colorfen– fin partfen– fin cent, pennyfen– (zhong–) fin joong minutesfu/ wu\ sheng– fuu wuu shuung waiterfu\ qian/ fuu tchee–in pay money to (to)G

gang– bi\/ gahng bee pen, fountaingao\ su\ gow suu tell (to)gao– gow highgao– gow tallgao– xing\ gow sheeng happy (to be)ge\ guh (measure, general)ge– bei guh bay armge– bo guh bwoh armge– ge guh guh brother, oldergei\/ gay give (to)gen– gun with, followgen– (someone) jie\ gun … jee-eh borrow from (someone) (to)gen– wo\/ lai/ gun waw lie follow megong– goong laborgong– goong workgong– bao\/ ji– ding– goong bow jee deeng chicken, diced with paprikasgong– cheng/ shi– goong chuung shr engineergong– fu goong fuu time, leisuregong– gong\ qi\ che– goong goong tchee chuh bus, publicgong– ren/ goong wren workergong– si– goong suh companygong– yuan/ goong ywen parkgong– zuo\ goong zwaw jobgong– zuo\ goong zwaw workgua– feng– gwah fuung wind blowGuang\/ dong– gwahng doong Cantongui\ gway expensiveGui\ xing\? gway sheeng What is your name?guo/ gwaw countryguo/ gwaw nationguo/ jia– gwaw jee–ah homeland


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guo\ gwaw pass, exceed, crossover (to)guo\ (after a verb) gwaw (experiential suffix to verb)guo\/ zhi– gwaw jr fruit juiceH

hai/ high additionally, in additionhai/ high morehai/ high stillhai/ mei/ (verb) ne high may … nuh still not yet (verb)hai/ mei/ you\/ high may yoe have, still don'thai/ shi high shr or (still is)hai/ yao\ high yow want, stillhai/ you\/ high yoe have, stillhai/ zi high dzuh childrenhai\/ high oceanhai\/ bian– high bee–in beach(hai\/) yang/ high yahng oceanHan/ guo/ hahn gwaw KoreaHan/ guo/ ren/ hahn gwaw wren Korean peoplehan\ hahn andHao/ jiu\/ bu/ jian\. how jeo buu jee–in Haven't seen you for a long time. (good long time no see)hao/ you/ niu/ rou\ how yoe neo roe beef with oyster saucehao\ how day of the monthhao\ ma\/ how mah numberhao\/ how good, well, fine, OKhao\/ chi– how chr delicioushao\/ kan\ how kahn good–looking (to be)Hao\/ ma? how mah OK?he– huh drink (to)he– tang– huh tahng eat or drink souphei– hay black colorhei– bai/ hay buy black and whitehei– ban\/ hay bahn blackboardhen\/ hin veryhen\/ hin rather, reallyhen\/ duo– hin dwaw very manyhong/ hoong redhong/ luo/ bo/ hoong lwaw bwoh carrothong/ lu\ deng– hoong luu duung traffic lightshong/ se\ hoong suh red colorhou\ hoe rearhou\ bian– hoe bee–in back of edge, inhou\ mian\ hoe mee–in behindhou\ mian\ hoe mee–in back of surface, inhou\ nian/ hoe nee–in year, two from nowhou\ tian– hoe tee–in day, after tomorrowhou\ tou hoe toe back of, inhu/ huu lakeHu/ bei\/ huu bay Hupeh province (lake north)hu/ jiao– fen\/ huu jee–ow fin pepperHu/ nan/ huu nahn Hunan province (lake south)hu\ shi\ huu shr nursehu\ zhao\ huu jow passporthua\ hwah language (used after country name)hua\ hwah speechhua– hwah flowerhuang/ se\ hwahng suh yellow colorhui/ jia– hway jee–ah return home (to)hui/ lai/ hway lie return, come back (to)hui/ wen/ zhen– hway wun jun clip, paperhui\ hway able tohui\ hway can


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hui\ hway know how (to)huo\ shi\ hwaw shr orhuo\/ hwaw firehuo\/ che– hwaw chuh trainhuo\/ che– zhan\ hwaw chuh jahn train stationJ

ji\ suan\ ji– jee swahn jee calculator (counting machine)ji\/ jee how many (less than ten)Ji\/ dian\/ zhong–? jee dee–in joong What time (is it)? [How many time?]ji\/ ge\ jee guh how many things?ji\/ wei\ jee way how many people?ji– jee chickenji– dan\ jee dahn eggjia– jee–ah homejia– ren/ jee–ah wren familyjian\ jee–in meet (people)jian\ jee–in see (people)jian\ jee–in (measure for clothes)jiang\/ (shuo–) jee–ahng shwaw speakjiang– jee–ahng (future tense, used before verb)jiang– jee–ahng gingerjiao\ jee–ow called (to be)jiao\ shi\ jee–ow shr classroomjiao\/ jee–ow feetjiao\/ jee–ow hornjiao\/ ta\ che– jee–ow tah chuh bicyclejiao– shui\/ jee–ow shway gluejie/ hun– jee–eh hwun married (to be)jie\ gei\/ jee-eh gay lend (to)jie\ mo jee–eh mwoh mustard, groundjie\ shao\ jee–eh shou introduce (to)jie\/ jie jee–eh jee–eh sister, olderjie– jee–eh streetjin\ lai/ jeen lie recentlyjin– nian/ jeen nee–in year, thisjin– tian– jeen tee–in day, thisjin– tian– jeen tee–in todayjing\ zi jeeng dzuh mirrorjing\/ cha/ jeeng chah policemanjiu\ jeo definitelyjiu\ jeo indeedjiu\ jeo merelyjiu\ jeo onlyjiu\ jeo preciselyjiu\ jeo oldjiu\ jeo usedjiu\ dao\ le jeo dow luh arrive, thenjiu\/ jeo (number) ninejiu\/ yue\ jeo yu–eh Septemberju/ se\ juu suh orangeK

ka– fei– kah fay coffeekai– kigh drive (to)kai– kigh open (to)kai– kigh turn on (to)kai– hui\ kigh hway meeting, attend a (to)kan\ kahn look (to)kan\ dao\ kahn dow catch sight of (to)kan\ kan\ kahn kahn look at, take akan\ qi\/ lai kahn tchee lie appear (to)


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kan\ shu– kahn shuu read bookske\/ ai\ kuh eye cuteke\/ ai\ kuh eye lovelyke\/ le\ kuh luh colake\/ shi\ huh shr butke\/ yi\/ kuh ee canke\/ yi\/ kuh ee mayke\/ yi\/ kuh ee permissionKe\/ yi\/ ma? kuh ee mah Is it all right?kong– zhong– xiao\/ jie\/ koong joong shee-ow jee-eh stewardesskou\/ koe entrancekou\/ koe mouthkou\/ koe openingku\ zi\/ kuu dzuh pantskuai\ kwie fastkuai\ kwie quickkuai\ kwie dollar, (measure for money)kuai\ kwie lumpkuai\ kwie piecekuai\ ji\ shi– kwie jee shr C.P.A., certified public accountantkuai\ zi kwie dzuh chopstickskuan– kwahn wideL

lai/ lie come, come here (to)lan/ lahn bluelan/ se\ lahn suh blue colorlao\/ ban\/ lou bahn bosslao\/ shi– lou shr teacherle luh (past tense, change of condition; used at end of sentence)lei\ lay tired (to be)leng\/ luung coldleng\/ qi\ luung tchee air, coldli\ lee forceli\ lee powerli\ lee strengthli\/ lee insideli\/ bai\ (xing– qi/) lee buy weekli\/ bian– lee bee–in inside edgeli\/ mian\ lee mee–in inside surfaceli\/ tou lee toe insideli\/ wu\ lee wuu giftli\/ wu\ lee wuu presentlian\/ lee–in faceliang/ kuai\ lee–ahng kwie cool, comfortablyliang\ lee–ahng bright, shiningliang\/ lee–ahng couple, aliang\/ lee–ahng pair, aliang\/ lee–ahng two ofliang\/ ge\ lee–ahng guh two of …liang\/ tian– lee–ahng tee–in (number) two (measure)lin/ leen forestling/ leeng (number) zeroling\/ dai\ leeng die tieliu/ xia\ leo shee-ah leave (to)liu\ leo (number) sixliu\ yue\ leo yu–eh Juneliu\/ ding– leo deeng orangeliu\/ ding– zhi– leo deeng jr orange juicelu\ luu roadlu\ ren/ luu wren stranger, wayfarerlu\ se\ luu suh green color


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lu\ shi– luu shr attorneylu\ shi– luu shr lawyerlu\ ying\/ dai\ luu eeng die videotapelu\ yin– dai\ luu een die cassette tapelu\/ xing/ luu sheeng travel (to)M

ma mah (question particle; used at end of sentence)ma\/ mah horsema\/ che– mah chuh horsecartma\/ ling/ shu\/ mah leeng shuu potatoma\/ ma\/ hu– hu– mah mah huu huu so–soma– ma mah mah mothermai\ my! sell (to)mai\/ my buy (to)mai\/ gei\/ my gay bought formai\/ gei\/ wo\/ my gay waw bought and gave to meman\ yi\ dian\/ mahn ee dee–in slower, bemang/ mahng busy (to be)mao/ mou dimemao/ mou feathermao/ mou furmao/ mou hair, bodymao/ bi\/ mou bee brush for writingmao/ yi– mou ee sweatermao\ zi\/ mou dzuh hat, capmei/ may not, not yetmei/ mao/ may mou eyebrowmei/ you\/ may yoe have, don't (negates completed action)mei/ you\/ wen\ ti/ may yoe wun tee problem, nomei/ you\/ wen\ ti/ may yoe wun tee question, nomei\ mei may may sister, youngermei\/ may beautifulmei\/ may each, everyMei\/ guo/ may gwaw AmericaMei\/ guo/ may gwaw United StatesMei\/ guo/ ren/ may gwaw wren American peoplemen mun (pluralizing suffix)men/ mun doormen/ mun gatemi/ lu\ me luu lost, become (to)mi\ shu– me shuu secretarymi\/ me rice, uncookedmi\/ fan\ me fahn rice, cookedmian\ mee–in noodlesmian\ mee–in surfacemian\ bao– mee–in bow breadmian\ fen\/ mee–in fin flourmiao\/ (zhong–) mee–ow joong secondsming/ meeng brightming/ nian/ meeng nee–in year, nextming/ pian\ meeng pee–in card, businessming/ tian– meeng tee–in day, tomorrowMing/ tian– jian\. meeng tee–in jee–in See you tomorrow.ming/ zi\ meeng dzuh name, firstmo\ mwoh ink stickmo\ shui\/ mwoh shway inkMo\ xi– ge– mwoh she guh MexicoMo\ xi– ge– ren/ mwoh she guh wren Mexican peoplemu\ muu eyemu\ muu treemu\ muu wood


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N

na\ nah thatna\ li\/ nah lee therena\/ nah what?na\/ nah whichna\/ ge nah guh which onena\/ li\/ nah lee where?na\/ xie– nah shee–eh which (plural)nai\/ nigh milknan/ nahn southnan/ bian– nahn bee–in south sidenan/ hai/ zi nahn high dzuh boyNan/ mei\/ zhou– nahn may joe South Americanan/ peng/ you\/ nahn puung yoe boyfriendnar\ nahr therenar\/ nahr where?ne nuh How about …? (question particle; used at end of sentence)nei\ nay thatnei\ yi– ku\ nay ee kuu underwearnei\/ nay what?nei\/ nay whichneng/ nuung be able to (to)ni\/ nee you (singular)Ni\/ da\/ zuo\ le. Nee dah zwaw luh You dialed the wrong number.ni\/ de nee duh your (singular)ni\/ men/ nee mun you (plural)ni\/ men/ de nee mun duh your (plural)Ni\/ ne? nee nuh How about you?ni\/ zi\ ji\/ nee dzuh jee yourselfnian/ nee–in yearnin/ neen you (polite)ning/ meng/ neeng muung lemonniu/ neo cowniu/ neo oxniu/ nai\/ neo nigh milk, cow'sniu/ you/ neo yoe butternu\/ nuu femalenu\/ er/ nuu urh daughternu\/ hai/ (zi) nuu high dzuh girlnu\/ peng/ you\/ nuu puung yoe girlfriendnu\/ ren/ nuu wren womannuan\/ huo/ nwahn hwaw warmO

Ou– zhou– oh joe EuropeP

pan/ zi pahn dzuh platepeng/ you\/ puung yoe friendpi/ pee leatherpi/ bao– pee bow pursepi/ dai\ pee die belt, leatherpi/ jia/ zi\/ pee jee–ah dzuh wallet, leatherpi/ xie/ pee she–eh shoes, leatherpian/ yi pee–in ee cheappiao\ liang pee–ow lee–ahng smartpiao\ liang\ pee–ow lee–ahng prettypin– pan/ peen pahn fish, assorted coldping/ guo\/ peeng gwaw appleping/ guo\/ zhi– peeng gwaw jr apple juicepu/ tao/ puu tou grapes


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pu/ tou/ you\ puu toe yoe grapefruitQ

qi/ tchee ride astride (to)qi\ che– tchee chuh vehicleqi\ shui\/ tchee shway sodaqi\/ chuang/ tchee chwahng get up from bed… qi\/ lai tchee lie (verb) taking placeqi– tchee (number) sevenqi– yue\ tchee yu–eh Julyqian/ tchee–in moneyqian/ tchee–in frontqian/ bian– tchee–ah bee–in front of edge, inqian/ mian\ tchee–ah mee–in front of surface, inqian/ nian/ tchee–in nee–in year, two agoqian/ tian– tchee–in tee–in day, before yesterdayqian/ tou tchee–ah toe front of, inqian– tchee–in (number) thousandqian– bi\/ tchee–in bee pencilqian– wan\ tchee–in wahn (number) ten million (use 1 wan)qian– wan\ wan\ tchee–in wahn wahn (number) hundred billion (use 1 wan wan)qian– zheng\ tchee–in juung visaqiao\/ ke\ li\ tchee–ow kuh lee chocolateqing\/ tcheeng ask (to)qing\/ tcheeng invite (to)qing\/ tcheeng pleaseqing\/ tcheeng request (to)Qing\/ wen\ tcheeng wun May I ask?qing– cai\ tcheeng tsigh vegetableqing– chen/ tcheeng chun morning, early 3am to 6 amqiu– tian– tcheo tee–in autumn, fall seasonqu\ tchuu go, go there (to)qu\ nian/ tchuu nee–in year, lastqu\ wan/ tchu wahn go play, go out and have fun (to)qun/ zi\/ tchwun dzuh skirtR

re\ ruh hotren/ wren manren/ wren peopleren/ wren personren/ li\ che– wren lee chuh ricksharen\ shi\ wren shr know someone (to)ri\ rr sunRi\ ben\/ rr bin JapanRi\ ben\/ ren/ rr bin wren Japanese peopleRi\ wen/ rr wun Japanese language, literatureS

san– sahn (number) threesan– jiao\/ xing/ sahn jee–ow sheeng trianglesan– ke\ (zhong–) sahn kuh joong quarter hour, thirdsan– yue\ sahn yu–eh Marchsha– la– shah lah saladshan– shahn mountain, hillShan– dong– shahn doong Shantung province (mountains east)shan– shang\ shahn shahng mountain, on theShan– xi– shahn she Shansi province (mountains west)shang\ shahng ascend (to)shang\ shahng go up (to)shang\ shahng to (go)shang\ shahng get on (to)


10


shang\ shahng topshang\ ban– shahng bahn office, go to (to)shang\ ban– shahng bahn on duty, go (to)shang\ ban– shahng bahn work, go to (to)shang\ bian– shahng bee–in above edgeshang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shahng guh sheeng tchee / lee buy week, lastshang\ ge yue\ shahng guh yu–eh month, lastshang\ ke\ shahng kuh go to class (to)shang\ mian\ shahng mee–in above surfaceshang\ shang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\)

shahng shahng guh sheeng tchee / lee buy

week, two ago

shang\ shang\ ge yue\ shahng shahng guh yu–eh month, two agoshang\ tou shahng toe above, upper partshang\ wu\/ shahng wuu noon, before 9 am to 11 amshang– ren/ shahng wren businessmanshao\/ shou fewshao\/ shou littleshei/ shay whoshei/ de shay duh whoseshen/ me shuun muh what?shen/ me shi/ hou\ shuun muh shr hoe when?shen/ mo shuun–mwoh what?shen– ti\/ shuun tee bodyshen– ti\/ hao\/ shuun tee how healthy (for people)sheng– shuung birth to, give (to)sheng– shuung born (to be)sheng– ri\ kuai\ le\ shuung rr kwie luh birthday, happysheng– ri\ shuung ruh birthdaysheng– zi\ shuung dzuh vocabularyshi/ shr (number) tenshi/ er\ shr urh (number) twelveshi/ er\ yue\ shr urh yu–eh Decembershi/ hou shr hoe time (by clock or calendar)

shi/ wan\ shr wahn(number) hundred thousand (use 1 wan)

shi/ wan\ wan\ shr wahn wahn (number) billion (use 1 wan wan)shi/ yi– shr ee (number) elevenshi/ yi– yue\ shr ee yu–eh Novembershi/ yue\ shr yu–eh Octobershi/ zi\ lu\ kou\/ shr dzuh luu koe crossroad junctionshi\ shr be (to), am, is, are, was, wereshi\ shr yes (in response to are you…?)shi\ a! shr ah yesshi\ wu\ suo\/ shr wuu swaw office (for lawyer, accountant)shou\/ show handshou\/ biao\/ show bee–ow watchshou\/ gong– show goong handicraftshou\/ tao\ show tou glovesshou\/ zhi\/ show jr fingershu\ shuu treeshu\ ye\ (zi) shuu yeh dzuh tree leafshu– shuu bookshu– cai\ shuu tsigh vegetableshu– fu/ shuu fuu comfortableshui\ jiao\ shway jee–ow sleep (to)shui\ wu\/ jiao\ shway wuu jee–ow take a nap (to)shui\/ shway watershui\/ guo\/ shway gwaw fruitshuo– shwaw say (to)shuo– shwaw speak (to)shuo– shwaw talk (to)si\ suh (number) four


11


si\ ji\ suh jee seasons, four (of the year)si\ yue\ suh yu–eh Aprilsong\ soong give a gift, escort (to)su\ cai\ suu tsigh vegetable dishsu\ jiao– dai\ suu jee–ow die plastic bag (Taiwan)su\ liao\ dai\ suu lee–ow die plastic bag (China)Su– lian/ suu lee–in RussiaSu– lian/ ren/ suu lee–in wren Russian peoplesuan\ swahn garlicsuo\/ swaw (measure for buildings)suo\/ yi\/ swaw ee sosuo\/ yi\/ swaw ee thereforeT

ta– tah he, him, she, her, itta– de tah duh his, hers, itsta– men/ tah mun they, themta– men/ de tah mun duh theirta– zi\ ji\/ tah dzuh jee himself, herselftai\ tie tootai\ bang\ le tie bahng luh greattai\ leng\/ tie luung cold, tootai\ re\ tie ruh hot, tootai\ tai tie tie wife, Mrs.tai\ wan\/ tie wahn late, tootai\ yang/ tie yahng suntang/ tahng sugar, candytang– chi/ tahng chr spoontao/ zi\/ tou dzuh peachtian/ tee–in field, farmlandtian/ dian\/ tee–in dee–in dessert (sweet)tian– tee–in daytian– tee–in skytian– qi\ tee–in tchee weathertian– tian– tee–in tee–in day, everytiao/ tee–ow (measure for long, narrow objects; roads)tong/ xue/ toong shu-eh classmatetou toe (substantive suffix used with location word)tou/ toe headtou/ fa\/ toe fah hairtu\/ tuu dusttu\/ tuu earthtu\/ tuu soiltui\/ tway legW

wa\ zi\/ wah dzuh sockswai\ wigh outsidewai\ bian– wigh bee–in outside edgewai\ guo/ wigh gwaw foreign countrywai\ mai\ wigh my to go (food; means sell outside)wai\ mian\ wigh mee–in outside surfacewai\ tou wigh toe outsidewan/ wahn fun, have (to)wan/ wahn play, (to)wan\ wahn (number) ten thousandwan\ wan\ (yi\) wahn wahn (number) hundred million (use 1 wan wan)wan\/ wahn bowlwan\/ wahn late (to be)wan\/ fan\ wahn fahn dinnerwan\/ shang\ wahn shahng evening 6 pm to 11 pmwang/ wahng king


12


wang\ (ji\) wahng jee forget (to)wang\ le wahng luh forgotwang\/ wahng towardwei/ jin– way jeen scarfwei\ way hello (to answer phone)wei\ way (measure for people, polite form)wei\ shenme/ way shuun mah why (used at beginning of sentence)wen/ wun languagewen/ wun literaturewen/ wun writingwen\ wun ask (a question, to)wen\ wun inquire (to)wen\ ti/ wun tee problemwen\ ti/ wun tee questionwo\/ waw I, meWo\/ bu\ zhi– dao\. waw buu jr dow I don't know.wo\/ de waw duh my, minewo\/ men/ waw mun we, uswo\/ men/ de waw mun duh ourswo\/ zi\ ji\/ waw dzuh jee myselfwu\/ wuu (number) fivewu\/ fan\ wuu fahn lunchwu\/ yue\ wuu yu–eh Maywu– zi wuu dzuh roomX

xi\/ huan– she hwahn like (to)xi– she westXi– ban– ya/ she bahn yah SpainXi– ban– ya/ ren/ she bahn yah wren Spanish peoplexi– bian– she bee–in west sidexi– gai\ she guy kneexi– guan\/ she gwahn strawxi– gua– she gwah watermelonxi– wang\ she wahng hope, wish (to)xi– zhuang– she jwahng suitxia\ shee–ah belowxia\ shee–ah bottomxia\ ban– shee–ah bahn return from work (to)xia\ bian– shee–ah bee–in below edgexia\ ci\ shee–ah tsu time, nextxia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shee–ah guh sheeng tchee / lee buy week, nextxia\ ge yue\ shee–ah guh yu–eh month, nextxia\ ke\ shee–ah kuh dismiss the class (to)xia\ mian\ shee–ah mee–in below surfacexia\ tian– shee–ah tee–in summer seasonxia\ tou shee–ah toe below, lower partxia\ wu\/ shee–ah wuu afternoon 1 pm to 6 pm

xia\ xia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\)shee–ah shee–ah guh sheeng tchee / lee buy

week, two from now

xia\ xia\ ge yue\ shee–ah shee–ah guh yu–eh month, two from nowxia\ xue\/ shee–ah shu–eh snowxia\ yu\/ shee–ah yuu rainxian\ zai\ shee–in zigh nowXian\ zai\ shi\ shen/ma shi/ hou\?

shee–in zigh shr shuun mah shr hoe Now what time (is it)?

xian– shee–in first

xian– sheng– shee–in shuungMister, sir, husband, gentleman

xian– … zai\ shee–in … zigh first … and thenxiang\ pi/ ca– shee–ahng pee tsah eraser for paperxiang\ … yi/ yang\ shee–ahng … ee yahng as same as


13


xiang\/ shee–ahng plan to (to)xiang\/ shee–ahng think of (to)xiang\/ qi\/ lai/ le shee–ahng tchee lie luh remember nowXiang– gang\/ shee–ahng gahng Hong Kongxiang– jiao– shee–ahng jee–ow bananaxiang– su– ya– shee-ahng suu yah duckling, crisp pepperskinxiao\/ shee–ow smallxiao\/ chi– shee–ow chr snack (street stand)xiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–eh daughter, little sisterxiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–eh girl, young ladyxiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–eh Miss, store assistantxiao\/ shi/ shee–ow shr hour of timexiao\/ tui\/ shee–ow tway calfxiao– ye\ shee–ow yeh snack (before bed)xie/ zi\/ she–eh dzuh shoesxie\ xie she she–eh thank youxie\/ she–eh write (to)xin\ sheen letter (as in mail)xin\ feng– sheen fuung envelopexin– sheen heartxin– sheen newxing/ sheeng OKxing/ sheeng shapexing\ sheeng called (to be)xing\ sheeng named (to be)xing\ sheeng name, lastxing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) sheeng tchee weekxing– qi/ er\ (li\/ bai\ er\) sheeng tchee urh Tuesdayxing– qi/ liu\ (li\/ bai\ liu\) sheeng tchee leo Saturdayxing– qi/ san– (li\/ bai\ san–) sheeng tchee sahn Wednesdayxing– qi/ si\ (li\/ bai\ si\) sheeng tchee suh Thursdayxing– qi/ tian (li\/ bai\ tian) sheeng tchee tee–in Sundayxing– qi/ wu\/ (li\/ bai\ wu\/) sheeng tchee wuu Fridayxing– qi/ yi– (li\/ bai\ yi–) sheeng tchee ee Mondayxiu– xi sheo she rest (to)xue/ shu–eh learn, study (to)xue/ sheng– shu–eh shuung student, pupilY

ya/ chi\/ yah chr teethya/ qian– yah tchee–in toothpickya/ yi– yah ee dentistYa\/ zhou– yah joe Asiayan/ yahn saltyan/ yahn speechyan/ yahn wordyan/ se\ yahn suh coloryan\ tai/ yahn tie ink stoneyan\/ jing\ yahn jeeng eyeglassesyan\/ jing– yahn jeeng eyeyao\ yow want (to)yao\ shi\ yow shr ifye\ li\/ yeh lee night 11 pm to 3 amye\/ yeh alsoye\/ yeh tooyi/ gong\ ee goong altogetheryi/ gong\ ee goong in allyi/ ke\ (zhong–) ee kuh joong quarter hour, firstyi/ xia\ ee shee–ah moment/little while, in ayi/ yang\ ee yahng alikeyi/ yang\ ee yahng sameYi\ da\ li\ ee dah lee Italy


14


Yi\ da\ li\ ren/ ee dah lee wren Italian peopleyi\ dian\/ ee dee–in little bit, ayi\ qi\/ ee tchee togetheryi\ shuang– ee shwahng pairyi\/ hou\ ee hoe after, aftAArwardsyi\/ jing– ee jeeng alreadyyi\/ qian/ ee tchee–in beforeyi– ee (number) oneyi– fu/ ee fuu clothes, dressyi– ge ee guh one of (used with verb to be)yi– ge yue\ ee guh yu–eh one monthyi– hui\/ er ee hway urh moment/little while, in ayi– sheng– ee shuung doctoryi– yuan\ ee ywen hospitalyi– yue\ ee yu–eh JanuaryYin\ du\ een duu IndiaYin\ du\ ren/ een duu wren Indian peopleying– eeng braveying– gai– eeng guy should, ought toYing– guo/ eeng gwaw EnglandYing– guo/ ren/ eeng gwaw wren English peopleying– han\ zi\ dian\/ eeng hahn dzuh dee–in dictionary, English–ChineseYing– wen/ eeng wun English language, literatureyong\ yoong use (to)you/ piao\ yoe pee–ow stamp, postageyou/ yong\/ yoe yoong swim (to)you\ yoe again (past)you\ yoe alsoyou\ yoe right (in direction)you\ bian– yoe bee–in right side, at theyou\ zhuan\/ yoe jwahn turn rightyou\ … you\ yoe … yoe both … andyou\/ yoe have (to)yu/ yuu fishyuan/ xing/ ywen sheeng circleyuan/ zi\/ bi\/ ywen dzuh bee pen, ball–pointyuan\ yi\ ywen ee willing toyue\ yu–eh monthyue\ yu–eh moonyue\ liang\ yu–eh lee–ahng moonYue\ nan/ yu–eh nahn Viet NamYue\ nan/ ren/ yu–eh nahn wren Vietnamese peopleZ

zai\ tsai (future again)zai\ zigh atzai\ zigh be atzai\ zigh inzai\ zigh onzai\ zigh occupyzai\ (place)de (direction)bian– zigh …duh …bee–in direction from one place to anotherZai\ jian\. zigh jee–in Good bye. (again see)zai\ … han\ …de zhong– jian– zigh … hahn duh joong jee–in between in, middlezai\ … hou\ bian– zigh … hoe bee–in back of edge, in; rearzai\ … hou\ mian\ zigh … hoe mee–in back of surface, in; rearzai\ … hou\ tou zigh … hoe toe back of, in; rearzai\ … li\/ bian– zigh … lee bee–in inside edgezai\ … li\/ mian\ zigh … lee mee–in inside surfacezai\ … li\/ tou zigh … lee toe insidezai\ … qian/ bian– zigh … tchee–ah bee–in front of edge, inzai\ … qian/ mian\ zigh … tchee–ah mee–in front of surface, inzai\ … qian/ tou zigh … tchee–ah toe front of, in


15


zai\ … shang\ bian– zigh … shahng bee–in above edgezai\ … shang\ mian\ zigh … shahng mee–in above surfacezai\ … shang\ tou zigh … shahng toe above, upper partzai\ … wai\ bian– zigh … wigh bee–in outside edgezai\ … wai\ mian\ zigh … wigh mee–in outside surfacezai\ … wai\ tou zigh … wigh toe outsidezai\ … xia\ bian– zigh … shee–ah bee–in below edgezai\ … xia\ mian\ zigh … shee–ah mee–in below surfacezai\ … xia\ tou zigh … shee–ah toe below, lower partzai\ … you\ bian– zigh … yoe bee–in right side, at thezai\ … zuo\/ bian– zigh … zwaw bee–in left side, at thezao\/ zow good morningzao\/ chen/ zow chun morning 6 am to 9 amzao\/ fan\ zow fahn breakfastzen\/ ma zou\/ zen mah zoe how do you go, get thereZen\/ me yang\? zen muh yahng How about …?, How's everything?zhai\/ jigh narrowzhang\ dan– jahng dahn check, bill (restaurant)zhang\/ jahng growzhang– jahng flatzhang– jahng (measure for flat objects)zhao\ gu\ jow guu take care of (to)zhao\/ jow look for (to)zhao\/ jow seek (to)zhao\/ jow visit (to)zhe\ juh thiszhe\ ge juh guh this onezhe\ li\/ juh lee herezhe\ xie– juh shee–eh thesezhei\ jay thiszhei\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) jay guh sheeng tchee / lee buy week, thiszhei\ ge yue\ jay guh yu–eh month, thiszhen– jun reallyzhen– de jun duh real, iszhen– de jun duh true, isZhen– de ma? jun duh mah Is that true?zhen– shi\ jun shr really iszheng\ hao\/ juung how exactly at the right moment

zheng\ zai\ juung zighjust in the midst of doing something(used before a verb to form a progressive)

zher\ jurh herezhi/ er/ jr urh nephewzhi/ nu\/ jr nuu niecezhi/ ye\ fu\ nu\/ jr yeh fuu nuu woman, careerzhi\/ jr paperzhi\/ shi\ jr shr justzhi\/ shi\ jr shr onlyzhi– jr juicezhi– jr (measure for long slender objects)zhi– dao\ jr dow know that …, know a fact (to)zhi– piao\ jr pee–ow check (money)zhong– joong clockzhong– joong middlezhong– can– joong tsahn Chinese foodZhong– guo/ joong gwaw China, Chinese (country)Zhong– guo/ zi\ joong gwaw dzuh Chinese characterzhong– jian– joong jee–in between inZhong– mei\/ zhou– joong may joe Central AmericaZhong– shan– joong shahn Sun Yatsen (middle mountain)zhong– tou/ joong toe hour of timeZhong– wen/ joong wun Chinese language, literaturezhong– wu\/ joong wuu noon time 11 am to 1 pm


16


zhou– joe state (political area)zhu\ juu blesszi\ dian\/ dzuh dee–in dictionaryzi\ ji\/ dzuh jee selfzi\ xing/ che– dzuh sheeng chuh bicyclezi\/ dzuh childzi\/ dzuh sonzi\/ se\ dzuh suh purple colorzou\/ zoe go (to)zou\/ zoe leave (to)zou\/ ba zoe bah let's gozu\/ cheng/ zuu chuung form (to), compose, constitutezu– zuu rent (to)zui\ zway (best)zui\ zway mostzui\ jin\ zway jeen recentlyzui\ jin\ zway jeen latelyzui\/ ba– zway bah mouthzuo/ tian– zwaw tee–in day, yesterdayzuo\ zwaw do (to)zuo\ zwaw make (to)zuo\ zwaw sit (to)zuo\ fan\ zwaw fahn cook (to)zuo\ gong– zuo\ zwaw goong zwaw work, do (to)zuo\ ju\ zi zwaw juu dzuh make sentence (to)zuo\ shi\ zwaw shr work, have a job; handle affairs (to)zuo\/ zwaw left (in direction)zuo\/ bian– zwaw bee–in left side, at the

Relative WordsEnglish Mandarin Pinyin Pronunciation

Numbers

zero ling/ leengone yi– eetwo er\ urhtwo of … liang\/ ge\ lee–ahng guhtwo (measure) liang\/ tian– lee–ahng tee–inthree san– sahnfour si\ suhfive wu\/ wuusix liu\ leoseven qi– tcheeeight ba– bahnine jiu\/ jeoten shi/ shreleven shi/ yi– shr eetwelve shi/ er\ shr urhhundred bai\/ buythousand qian– tchee–inten thousand wan\ wahnhundred thousand (use 1 wan) shi/ wan\ shr wahnmillion (use 1 wan) bai\/ wan\ buy wahnten million (use 1 wan) qian– wan\ tchee–in wahnhundred million (use 1 wan wan) wan\ wan\ (yi\) wahn wahnbillion (use 1 wan wan) shi/ wan\ wan\ shr wahn wahnten billion (use 1 wan wan) bai\/ wan\ wan\ buy wahn wahnhundred billion (use 1 wan wan) qian– wan\ wan\ tchee–in wahn wahnhow many (less than ten) ji\/ jeehow many? duo– shao\/ dwaw shou


17


how many? (quantity) duo– shao\/ hao\ dwaw shou howhow many people? ji\/ wei\ jee wayhow many things? ji\/ ge\ jee guhhow much money? duo– shao\/ qian/ dwaw shou tchee–in

Time

year nian/ nee–inyear, two ago qian/ nian/ tchee–in nee–inyear, last qu\ nian/ tchuu nee–inyear, this jin– nian/ jeen nee–inyear, next ming/ nian/ meeng nee–inyear, two from now hou\ nian/ hoe nee–inyear 1999 yi– jiu\/ jiu\/ jiu\/ nian/ ee jeo jeo tchee nee–in

seasons si\ ji\ suh jeespring chun– tian– chwun tee–insummer xia\ tian– shee–ah tee–inautumn, fall qiu– tian– tcheo tee–inwinter dong– tian– doong tee–inmonth yue\ yu–ehmonth, two ago shang\ shang\ ge yue\ shahng shahng guh yu–ehmonth, last shang\ ge yue\ shahng guh yu–ehmonth, this zhei\ ge yue\ jay guh yu–ehmonth, next xia\ ge yue\ shee–ah guh yu–ehmonth, two from now xia\ xia\ ge yue\ shee–ah shee–ah guh yu–ehone month yi– ge yue\ ee guh yu–ehJanuary yi– yue\ ee yu–ehFebruary er\ yue\ urh yu–ehMarch san– yue\ sahn yu–ehApril si\ yue\ suh yu–ehMay wu\/ yue\ wuu yu–ehJune liu\ yue\ leo yu–ehJuly qi– yue\ tchee yu–ehAugust ba– yue\ bah yu–ehSeptember jiu\/ yue\ jeo yu–ehOctober shi/ yue\ shr yu–ehNovember shi/ yi– yue\ shr ee yu–ehDecember shi/ er\ yue\ shr urh yu–ehweek li\/ bai\ (or) xing– qi/ lee buy (or) sheeng tcheeweek, two ago shang\ shang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shahng shahng guh sheeng tcheeweek, last shang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shahng guh sheeng tcheeweek, this zhei\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) jay guh sheeng tcheeweek, next xia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shee–ah guh sheeng tcheeweek, two from now xia\ xia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shee–ah shee–ah guh sheeng tcheeday tian– tee–inday, before yesterday qian/ tian– tchee–in tee–inday, yesterday zuo/ tian– zwaw tee–inday, this; today jin– tian– jeen tee–inday, tomorrow ming/ tian– meeng tee–inday, after tomorrow hou\ tian– hoe tee–inday of the month hao\ howday, every tian– tian– tee–in tee–inMonday xing– qi/ yi– (li\/ bai\ yi–) sheeng tchee eeTuesday xing– qi/ er\ (li\/ bai\ er\) sheeng tchee urhWednesday xing– qi/ san– (li\/ bai\ san–) sheeng tchee sahnThursday xing– qi/ si\ (li\/ bai\ si\) sheeng tchee suhFriday xing– qi/ wu\/ (li\/ bai\ wu\/) sheeng tchee wuuSaturday xing– qi/ liu\ (li\/ bai\ liu\) sheeng tchee leoSunday xing– qi/ tian (li\/ bai\ tian) sheeng tchee tee–intime of dayearly morning 3am to 6 am qing– chen/ tcheeng chun


18


morning 6 am to 9 am zao\/ chen/ zow chunbefore noon 9 am to 11 am shang\ wu\/ shahng wuunoon time 11 am to 1 pm zhong– wu\/ joong wuuafternoon 1 pm to 6 pm xia\ wu\/ shee–ah wuuevening 6 pm to 11 pm wan\/ shang\ wahn shahngnight 11 pm to 3 am ye\ li\/ yeh leehours dian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joongo'clock dian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joonghour of time xiao\/ shi/ shee–ow shrhour of time zhong– tou/ joong toehalf past … … dian\/ ban\ (zhong–) … dee–in bahn joonghalf an hour of time ban\ ge zhong– tou/ bahn guh joong toequarter hour, first yi/ ke\ (zhong–) ee kuh joongquarter hour, third san– ke\ (zhong–) sahn kuh joongquarter hour, fourth si\ ke\ (zhong–) suh kuh joongminutes fen– (zhong–) fin joongseconds miao\/ (zhong–) mee–ow joongtime, next xia\ ci\ shee–ah tsuWhat time is it? Ji\/ dian\/ zhong–? jee dee–in joongtime (number hour:number minutes) (number) dian\/ (number) fen– … dee–in … fin

Location

north bei\/ baynorth side bei\/ bian– bay bee–ineast dong– doongeast side dong– bian– doong bee–insouth nan/ nahnsouth side nan/ bian– nahn bee–inwest xi– shewest side xi– bian– she bee–indirection from one place to another zai\ (place)de (direction)bian– zign …duh …bee–inbefore yi\/ qian/ ee tchee–inafter yi\/ hou\ ee hoeabove, upper part shang\ tou shahng toeabove surface shang\ mian\ shahng mee–inabove edge shang\ bian shahng bee–inbelow, lower part xia\ tou shee–ah toebelow surface xia\ mian\ shee–ah mee–inbelow edge xia\ bian– shee–ah bee–infront of, in qian/ tou tchee–in toefront of surface, in qian/ mian\ tchee–in mee–infront of edge, in qian/ bian– tchee–in bee–inback of, in; rear hou\ tou hoe toeback of surface, in; behind, rear hou\ mian\ hoe mee–inback of edge, in; rear hou\ bian– hoe bee–inleft side, at the zuo\/ bian– zwaw bee–inbetween in, middle zhong– jian– joong jee–inright side, at the you\ bian– yoe bee–ininside li\/ tou lee toeinside surface li\/ mian\ lee mee–ininside edge li\/ bian– lee bee–inoutside wai\ tou wigh toeoutside surface wai\ mian\ wigh mee–inoutside edge wai\ bian– wigh bee–in

Basic ConversationEnglish Mandarin Pinyin

Greetings

Hello (How are you?) Ni/ hao\/.


19


Good morning. Zao\/shang\ hao\/. -or- Zao\/an—.Good afternoon. Xia\wu\/ hao\/. -or- Wu\/an—.Good evening. Wan\/shang\ hao\/. -or- Wan\/an—.Good night. Wan\/an—.Good-bye. Zai\ jian\.See you soon. Hui/ tou/ jian\.See you later. Yi\huir\/ jian\.See you later. Dai—huir\/ jian\.See you tomorrow. Ming/tian— jian\.I hope to meet you again. Xi—wang\ wo\/men zai\ jian\mian\.I'll miss you. Wo\/ hui\ xiang\/nian\ ni\/de.Hello (on the phone) Wei\. -or- Wei/.

I am American. Wo\/ shi\ Mei\/guo/ ren/.My name is ____. Wo\/ jiao\ _____.What is your family name? Gui\ xing\?What is your surname? Ni\/ xing\ shen/me?What is your first name? Ni\/ jiao\ shen/me ming/zi?Nice meeting you. Hen\/ gao—xing\ ren\shi ni\/.I am glad to meet you. Hen\/ gao—xing\ ren\shi ni\/.Glad to meet you. Zhen— gao—xing\ ren\shi ni\/.It's been a long time since we last met. Hao\/jiu\/ mei/ jian\le.Long time no see. Hao\/jiu\/ bu/jian\.I am really pleased to see you. Wo\/ zhen— gao—xing jian\dao\ ni\/.I am very pleased to have met you. Hen\/ gao—xing\ yu\dao\ ni\/.I've brought you a small present. Wo\/ gei\/ ni\/ dai\lai/ yi/ge xiao\/ li\/wu\.I know a little Chinese. Wo\/ hui\ yi\dianr\/ Zhong—wen/.I don't understand. Wo\/ ting— bu\ dong\/.Can you say that again? Ni\/ neng/ zai\ shuo— yi—bian\ ma?Say it again. Zai\ shuo— yi—bian\.Please speak more slowly. Qing\/ shuo— man\ yi\dian\/.

Excuse me. (I'm sorry.) Dui\ bu\ qi\/.I'm sorry. Qing\/ yuan/liang\.I'm sorry. Bao\ qian\.May I ask you a question? Wo\/ neng/ wen\ ni\/ yi/ge wen\ti/ ma?May I ask … Qing\/ wen\ …Please tell me … Qing\/ gao\su\ wo\/ …Please tell me how to get to _____ Qing\/ gao\su\ wo\/ _____ zen\/me zou\/.Where is _____? _____ zai\ na\/li\/?Would you help me? Ni\/ neng/ bang— wo\/ yi/xia\ ma?Can I help you? Xu—yao\ wo\/ bang—mang/ ma?What's the matter? Zen\/me hui/ shi\?That's too bad. Zao—le.Can be done. Ke\/yi\/. -or- Xing/.Can't be done. Bu\ ke\/yi\/. -or- Bu\ xing/.

Thank you. Xie\xie\.Thank you very much. Shi/fen— gan\/xie\. -or- Hen\/ xie\xie ni\/.Thank you for all you've done for me. Xie\xie\ ni\/ wei\ wo\/ suo\/ zuo\de yi/qie\.Thank you for your kindness, I appreciate it very much.

Xie\xie\ ni\/de hao\/yi\, wo\/ xin—ling\/le.

Thank you for your hospitality. Xie\xie\ ni\/de zhao—dai\.You're welcome. Bu/yao\ ke\qi\.That's all right. Mei/ guan—xi.OK! Xing/!Good! Hao\/!Not good! Bu\ hao\/!Very good! Tai\ hao\/le!Excellent! Hao\/ ji/le!Extremely good! Bang\ ji/le!Wonderful! Tai\ jing—cai\/le!


20


Delicious! Wei\dao\ hao\/ ji/le! -or- Zhen— hao\/chi—.I like _____. Wo\/ xi\/huan— _____.I don't like _____. Wo\/ bu\ xi\/huan— _____.I like it very much. Wo\/ hen\/ xi\/huan—.I like _____ very much. Wo\/ hen\/ xi\/huan— _____.Won't do! Bu\ xing/!Ridiculous! Jian\/zhi/ ke\/xiao\ ji/le!That's too bad! Zhen— zao— gao—!

I'm here. Wo\/ lai/le.Welcome. Huan—ying/.Please, come in. Qing\/ jin\.Please, sit down. Qing\/ zuo\.Make yourself at home. Bu/yao\ ke\qi\.Excuse me. (Please make way.) Qing\/ rang\ yi/rang\.Look out! (Be careful!) Xiao\/ xin—!Shopping Do you have _____? Ni\/ you\/ _____ ma?Do you have _____? Ni\/ you\/ mei/ you\/ _____?I want _____. Wo\/ yao\ _____.I don't want _____. Wo\/ bu/ yao\ _____.This one is very nice. Zhe\ge hen\/ hao\/.It's really beautiful. Zhen—shi\ piao\liang\ ji/le.I'll buy this one. Wo\/ yao\ zhe\ge.How much does it cost? Duo—shao\/ qian/?It's too expensive. Tai\ gui\le.Can you lower the price a little bit? Neng/ pian/yi yi\dianr\/ ma?I can't affort it. Wo\/ mai\/ bu\ qi\/.Sorry, I don't want this. Dui\ bu\ qi\/ wo\/ bu/yao\le.It's a deal. Cheng/ jiao—le.

== English-Mandarin Dictionary ==English Mandarin Pinyin PronunciationNumbers

zero ling/ leengone yi– eetwo er\ urhthree san– sahnfour si\ suhfive wu\/ wuusix liu\ leoseven qi– tcheeeight ba– bahnine jiu\/ jeoten shi/ shreleven shi/ yi– shr eetwelve shi/ er\ shr urhhundred bai\/ buythousand qian– tchee–inten thousand wan\ wahnhundred thousand (use 1 wan) shi/ wan\ shr wahnmillion (use 1 wan) bai\/ wan\ buy wahnten million (use 1 wan) qian– wan\ tchee–in wahnhundred million (use 1 wan wan) wan\ wan\ (yi\) wahn wahnbillion (use 1 wan wan) shi/ wan\ wan\ shr wahn wahnten billion (use 1 wan wan) bai\/ wan\ wan\ buy wahn wahnhundred billion (use 1 wan wan) qian– wan\ wan\ tchee–in wahn wahnModifiers

(best) zui\ zway(experiential suffix to verb) guo\ (after a verb) gwaw


21


(future again) zai\ tsai(future tense, used before verb) jiang– jee–ahng(measure for book) ben\/ ben(measure for buildings) suo\/ swaw(measure for clothes) jian\ jee–in(measure for flat objects) zhang– jahng(measure for long slender objects) zhi– jr(measure for long, narrow objects; roads) tiao/ tee–ow(measure for movies) bu\ buu(measure for people, polite form) wei\ way(measure, general) ge\ guh(modifier, changes adjective into adverb) de duh(particle at end of imperative sentence implying probability) ba bah(past tense, change of condition; used at end of sentence) le luh(pluralizing suffix) men mun(possessive, used after word, omit for close relationship) de duh(question particle) a ah(question particle; used at end of sentence) ma mah(substantive suffix used with location word) tou toe(verb) taking place … qi\/ lai tchee lieA

able to hui\ hwayabove edge shang\ bian– shahng bee–inabove edge zai\ … shang\ bian– zigh … shahng bee–inabove surface shang\ mian\ shahng mee–inabove surface zai\ … shang\ mian\ zigh … shahng mee–inabove, upper part shang\ tou shahng toeabove, upper part zai\ … shang\ tou zigh … shahng toeadditionally, in addition hai/ highAfrica Fei– zhou– fay joeafter, afterwards yi\/ hou\ ee hoeafternoon 1 pm to 6 pm xia\ wu\/ shee–ah wuuagain (past) you\ yoeair, cold leng\/ qi\ luung tcheeairplane fei– ji– fay jeeairplane ticket fei– ji– piao\ fay jee pee–owalike yi/ yang\ ee yahngall dou– doealready yi\/ jing– ee jeengalso ye\/ yehalso you\ yoealtogether yi/ gong\ ee goongAmerica Mei\/ guo/ may gwawAmerican people Mei\/ guo/ ren/ may gwaw wrenand han\ hahnappear (to) kan\ qi\/ lai kahn tchee lieapple ping/ guo\/ peeng gwawapple juice ping/ guo\/ zhi– peeng gwaw jrApril si\ yue\ suh yu–eharm ge– bei guh bayarm ge– bo guh bwoharrive, then jiu\ dao\ le jeo dow luhas same as xiang\ … yi/ yang\ shee–ahng … ee yahngascend (to) shang\ shahngAsia Ya\/ zhou– yah joeask (a question, to) wen\ wunask (to) qing\/ tcheengat zai\ zighattorney lu\ shi– luu shrAugust ba– yue\ bah yu–ehautomobile che– zi chuh dzuh


22


autumn, fall season qiu– tian– tcheo tee–inB

back of edge, in hou\ bian– hoe bee–inback of edge, in; rear zai\ … hou\ bian– zigh … hoe bee–inback of surface, in hou\ mian\ hoe mee–inback of surface, in; rear zai\ … hou\ mian\ zigh … hoe mee–inback of, in hou\ tou hoe toeback of, in; rear zai\ … hou\ tou zigh … hoe toebanana xiang– jiao– shee–ahng jee–owbe (to), am, is, are, was, were shi\ shrbe able to (to) neng/ nuungbe at zai\ zighbe, not (to) bu/ shi\ buu shrbeach hai\/ bian– high bee–inbeancurd dou\ fu\/ doe fuubeautiful mei\/ maybeef with oyster sauce hao/ you/ niu/ rou\ how yoe neo roebefore yi\/ qian/ ee tchee–inbehind hou\ mian\ hoe mee–inbelow xia\ shee–ahbelow edge xia\ bian– shee–ah bee–inbelow edge zai\ … xia\ bian– zigh … shee–ah bee–inbelow surface xia\ mian\ shee–ah mee–inbelow surface zai\ … xia\ mian\ zigh … shee–ah mee–inbelow, lower part xia\ tou shee–ah toebelow, lower part zai\ … xia\ tou zigh … shee–ah toebelt, leather pi/ dai\ pee diebetween in zhong– jian– joong jee–inbetween in, middle zai\ … han\ …de zhong– jian– zigh … hahn duh joong jee–inbicycle jiao\/ ta\ che– jee–ow tah chuhbicycle zi\ xing/ che– dzuh sheeng chuhbig da\ dahbirth to, give (to) sheng– shuungbirthday sheng– ri\ shuung ruhbirthday, happy sheng– ri\ kuai\ le\ shuung rr kwie luhblack and white hei– bai/ hay buyblack color hei– hayblackboard hei– ban\/ hay bahnbless zhu\ juublue lan/ lahnblue color lan/ se\ lahn suhboard ban\/ bahnbody shen– ti\/ shuun teebook shu– shuuborn (to be) sheng– shuungborrow from (someone) (to) gen– (someone) jie\ gun … jee-ehboss lao\/ ban\/ lou bahnboth dou– doeboth … and you\ … you\ yoe … yoebottom xia\ shee–ahbought and gave to me mai\/ gei\/ wo\/ my gay wawbought for mai\/ gei\/ my gaybowl wan\/ wahnboy nan/ hai/ zi nahn high dzuhboyfriend nan/ peng/ you\/ nahn puung yoebrave ying– eengbread mian\ bao– mee–in bowbreakfast zao\/ fan\ zow fahnbright ming/ meengbright, shining liang\ lee–ahngbring (to) dai\ die


23


brother, older ge– ge guh guhbrother, younger di\ di dee deebrush for writing mao/ bi\/ mou beebus, public gong– gong\ qi\ che– goong goong tchee chuhbusinessman shang– ren/ shahng wrenbusy (to be) mang/ mahngbut ke\/ shi\ huh shrbutter niu/ you/ neo yoebuy (to) mai\/ myC

C.P.A., certified public accountant kuai\ ji\ shi– kwie jee shrcalculator (counting machine) ji\ suan\ ji– jee swahn jeecalf xiao\/ tui\/ shee–ow twaycalled (to be) jiao\ jee–owcalled (to be) xing\ sheengcan hui\ hwaycan ke\/ yi\/ kuh eeCanton Guang\/ dong– gwahng doongcar che– zi chuh dzuhcard, business ming/ pian\ meeng pee–incarp with hot bean sause dou\ ban\ yu/ doe bahn yuucarrot hong/ luo/ bo/ hoong lwaw bwohcart che– chuhcassette tape lu\ yin– dai\ luu een diecatch sight of (to) kan\ dao\ kahn dowcent, penny fen– finCentral America Zhong– mei\/ zhou– joong may joecheap pian/ yi pee–in eecheck (money) zhi– piao\ jr pee–owcheck, bill (restaurant) zhang\ dan– jahng dahnchicken ji– jeechicken, diced with paprikas gong– bao\/ ji– ding– goong bow jee deengchild zi\/ dzuhchildren hai/ zi high dzuhChina, Chinese (country) Zhong– guo/ joong gwawChinese character Zhong– guo/ zi\ joong gwaw dzuhChinese food zhong– can– joong tsahnChinese language, literature Zhong– wen/ joong wunchocolate qiao\/ ke\ li\ tchee–ow kuh leechopsticks kuai\ zi kwie dzuhcircle yuan/ xing/ ywen sheengcity cheng/ chuungclassmate tong/ xue/ toong shu-ehclassroom jiao\ shi\ jee–ow shrclever cong– ming tsoong meengclip, paper hui/ wen/ zhen– hway wun junclock zhong– joongclothes, dress yi– fu/ ee fuucoffee ka– fei– kah faycola ke\/ le\ kuh luhcold leng\/ luungcold, too tai\ leng\/ tie luungcolor yan/ se\ yahn suhcome from cong/ … lai/ tsoong … liecome to (place) dao\ (place) lai/ dow … liecome, come here (to) lai/ liecomfortable shu– fu/ shuu fuucompany gong– si– goong suhcomparatively bi\/ jiao\ bee jee–owcomputer (electric brain) dian\ nao\/ dee–in nowcomputer programmer dian\ nao\/ cheng/ shi\ she\ ji\ shi– dee-in now chuung shr shuh jee shr


24


cook (to) zuo\ fan\ zwaw fahncookie, cracker bing\/ gan– beeng gahncool, comfortably liang/ kuai\ lee–ahng kwiecopy (of a book) ben\/ bincorrect!, right! dui\ dwaycorrect!, right! dui\ le dway luhcountry guo/ gwawcouple, a liang\/ lee–ahngcow niu/ neocrossroad junction shi/ zi\ lu\ kou\/ shr dzuh luu koecute ke\/ ai\ kuh eyeD

daughter nu\/ er/ nuu urhdaughter, little sister xiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–ehday tian– tee–inday of the month hao\ howday, after tomorrow hou\ tian– hoe tee–inday, before yesterday qian/ tian– tchee–in tee–inday, every tian– tian– tee–in tee–inday, this jin– tian– jeen tee–inday, tomorrow ming/ tian– meeng tee–inday, yesterday zuo/ tian– zwaw tee–inDecember shi/ er\ yue\ shr urh yu–ehdefinitely jiu\ jeodelicious hao\/ chi– how chrdentist ya/ yi– yah eedepartment store bai\/ huo\ gong– si– buy hwaw goong dzuhdessert dian\/ xin– dee–in sheendessert (sweet) tian/ dian\/ tee–in dee–indialog dui\ hua\ dway hwahdictionary zi\ dian\/ dzuh dee–indictionary, English–Chinese ying– han\ zi\ dian\/ eeng hahn dzuh dee–indifferent bu\ yi/ yang\ buu ee yahngdime mao/ moudinner wan\/ fan\ wahn fahndirection fang– xiang\ fahng shee-ahngdirection from one place to another zai\ (place)de (direction)bian– zigh …duh …bee–indismiss the class (to) xia\ ke\ shee–ah kuhdo (to) zuo\ zwawdo, won't; not OK bu\ xing/ buu sheengdoctor yi– sheng– ee shuungdollar, (measure for money) kuai\ kwiedoor men/ mundot dian\/ dee–indrink (to) he– huhdrive (to) kai– kighduckling, crisp pepperskin xiang– su– ya– shee-ahng suu yahdust tu\/ tuuE

each, every mei\/ mayear er\/ duo– urh dwawearth tu\/ tuueast dong– doongeast side dong– bian– doong bee–ineat (to) chi– chreat breakfast chi– zao\/ fan\ chr zow fahneat dinner chi– wan\/ fan\ chr wahn fahneat food, eat a meal (to) chi– fan\ chr fahneat lunch chi– wu\/ fan\ chr wuu fahneat or drink soup he– tang– huh tahng


25


edge bian– bee–inegg ji– dan\ jee dahnembassy da\ shi\/ guan\/ dah shr gwahnengineer gong– cheng/ shi– goong chuung shrEngland Ying– guo/ eeng gwawEnglish language, literature Ying– wen/ eeng wunEnglish people Ying– guo/ ren/ eeng gwaw wrenentirely dou– doeentrance kou\/ koeenvelope xin\ feng– sheen fuungeraser for blackboard ban\/ ca– bahn tsaheraser for paper xiang\ pi/ ca– shee–ahng pee tsahEurope Ou– zhou– oh joeevening 6 pm to 11 pm wan\/ shang\ wahn shahngexactly at the right moment zheng\ hao\/ juung howExcuse me. I'm sorry. Dui\ bu\ qi\/. dway buu tchee expensive gui\ gwayeye mu\ muueyebrow mei/ mao/ may moueyeglasses yan\/ jing\ yahn jeengeye yan\/ jing– yahn jeengF

face lian\/ lee–infamily jia– ren/ jee–ah wrenfast kuai\ kwiefather ba\ ba bah bahfeather mao/ mouFebruary er\ yue\ urh yu–ehfeet jiao\/ jee–owfemale nu\/ nuufew shao\/ shoufield, farmland tian/ tee–infinger shou\/ zhi\/ show jrfire huo\/ hwawfirst xian– shee–infirst … and then xian– … zai\ shee–in … zighfish yu/ yuufish, assorted cold pin– pan/ peen pahnflat zhang– jahngflour mian\ fen\/ mee–in finflower hua– hwahfollow me gen– wo\/ lai/ gun waw liefood fan\ fahnforce li\ leeforeign country wai\ guo/ wigh gwawforest lin/ leenforget (to) wang\ (ji\) wahng jeeforgot wang\ le wahng luhfork cha– zi chah dzuhform (to), compose, constitute zu\/ cheng/ zuu chuungfoundation ben\/ binFrance Fa\ guo/ fah gwawfree (not have cost) bu/ yao\ qian/ buu yow tchee–inFrench people Fa\ guo/ ren/ fah gwaw wrenFriday xing– qi/ wu\/ (li\/ bai\ wu\/) sheeng tchee wuufriend peng/ you\/ puung yoefrom cong/ tsoongfront qian/ tchee–infront of edge, in qian/ bian– tchee–ah bee–infront of edge, in zai\ … qian/ bian– zigh … tchee–ah bee–infront of surface, in qian/ mian\ tchee–ah mee–in


26


front of surface, in zai\ … qian/ mian\ zigh … tchee–ah mee–infront of, in qian/ tou tchee–ah toefront of, in zai\ … qian/ tou zigh … tchee–ah toefruit shui\/ guo\/ shway gwawfruit juice guo\/ zhi– gwaw jrfun, have (to) wan/ wahnfur mao/ mouG

garlic suan\ swahngate men/ mungate, main da\ men/ dah munGerman people De/ guo/ ren/ duh gwaw wrenGermany De/ guo/ duh gwawget on (to) shang\ shahngget up from bed qi\/ chuang/ tchee chwahnggift li\/ wu\ lee wuugive a gift (to) song\ soongginger jiang– jee–ahnggirl nu\/ hai/ (zi) nuu high dzuhgirl, young lady xiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–ehgirlfriend nu\/ peng/ you\/ nuu puung yoegive (to) gei\/ gaygloves shou\/ tao\ show touglue jiao– shui\/ jee–ow shwaygo (to) zou\/ zoego from cong/ … qu\ tsoong … tchugo out (to) chu– qu chuu tchugo out of town on business (to) chu– chai– chuu chighgo play, go out and have fun (to) qu\ wan/ tchu wahngo to (place) dao\ (place) qu\ dow … tchugo to (to) dao\ dowgo to class (to) shang\ ke\ shahng kuhgo to work (to) shang\ ban– shahng bahngo up (to) shang\ shahnggo, go there (to) qu\ tchuuGood bye. (again see) Zai\ jian\. zigh jee–ingood morning zao\/ zowgood, not bu\ hao\/ buu howgood, well, fine, OK hao\/ howgood–looking (to be) hao\/ kan\ how kahngrapefruit pu/ tou/ you\ puu toe yoegrapes pu/ tao/ puu tougreat tai\ bang\ le tie bahng luhgreen color lu\ se\ luu suhgrow zhang\/ jahngH

hair tou/ fa\/ toe fahhair, body mao/ mouhalf ban\ bahnhalf an hour of time ban\ ge zhong– tou/ bahn guh joong toehalf past hour dian\/ ban\ dee–in bahn

half past …(number) dian\/ ban\ (zhong–)

dee–in bahn joong

hand shou\/ showhandicraft shou\/ gong– show goonghandle (to) ban\ bahnhappy (to be) gao– xing\ gow sheenghat, cap mao\ zi\/ mou dzuhhave (to) you\/ yoehave, don't (negates completed action) mei/ you\/ may yoe


27


have, still hai/ you\/ high yoehave, still don't hai/ mei/ you\/ high may yoeHaven't seen you for a long time. (good long time no see) Hao/ jiu\/ bu/ jian\. how jeo buu jee–inhe, him, she, her, it ta– tahhead tou/ toehealthy (for people) shen– ti\/ hao\/ shuun tee howheart xin– sheenhello (to answer phone) wei\ wayhere zher\ jurhhere zhe\ li\/ juh leehigh gao– gowhimself, herself ta– zi\ ji\/ tah dzuh jeehis, hers, its ta– de tah duhhit da\/ dahhit (someone), spank da\/ ren/ dah wrenhome jia– jee–ahhomeland guo/ jia– gwaw jee–ahHong Kong Xiang– gang\/ shee–ahng gahnghope, wish (to) xi– wang\ she wahnghorn jiao\/ jee–owhorse ma\/ mahhorsecart ma\/ che– mah chuhhospital yi– yuan\ ee ywenhot re\ ruhhot, too tai\ re\ tie ruhhour dian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joong(number) hour (number) quarter (number) dian\/ (number) ke\ dee–in …kuhhour of time xiao\/ shi/ shee–ow shrhour of time zhong– tou/ joong toehouse fang/ zi fahng dzuhHow about you? Ni\/ ne? nee nuhHow about …? (question particle; used at end of sentence)

ne nuh

How about …?, How's everything? Zen\/ me yang\? zen muh yahnghow do you go, get there zen\/ ma zou\/ zen mah zoehow many (less than ten) ji\/ jeehow many people? ji\/ wei\ jee wayhow many things? ji\/ ge\ jee guhhow many? duo– shao dwaw shouhow many? (quantity) duo– shao\/ hao\ dwaw shou howhow much money? duo– shao\/ qian/ dwaw shou tchee–inhow much? duo– shao dwaw shouHunan province (lake south) Hu/ nan/ huu nahnHupeh province (lake north) Hu/ bei\/ huu bayI

I don't know. Wo\/ bu\ zhi– dao\. waw buu jr dowI, me wo\/ wawif yao\ shi\ yow shrin zai\ zighin all yi/ gong\ ee goongincorrect bu/ dui\ buu dwayincorrect cuo\ tswawindeed jiu\ jeoIndia Yin\ du\ een duuIndian people Yin\ du\ ren/ een duu wrenink mo\ shui\/ mwoh shwayink stick mo\ mwohink stone yan\ tai/ yahn tieinquire (to) wen\ wuninside li\/ leeinside li\/ tou lee toe


28


inside zai\ … li\/ tou zigh … lee toeinside edge li\/ bian– lee bee–ininside edge zai\ … li\/ bian– zigh … lee bee–ininside surface li\/ mian\ lee mee–ininside surface zai\ … li\/ mian\ zigh … lee mee–inintelligent cong– ming tsoong meengintroduce (to) jie\ shao\ jee–eh shouinvite (to) qing\/ tcheengIs it all right? Ke\/ yi\/ ma? kuh ee mahIs that true? Zhen– de ma? jun duh mahItalian people Yi\ da\ li\ ren/ ee dah lee wrenItaly Yi\ da\ li\ ee dah leeJ

January yi– yue\ ee yu–ehJapan Ri\ ben\/ rr binJapanese language, literature Ri\ wen/ rr wunJapanese people Ri\ ben\/ ren/ rr bin wrenjob gong– zuo\ goong zwawjuice zhi– jrJuly qi– yue\ tchee yu–ehJune liu\ yue\ leo yu–ehjust zhi\/ shi\ jr shrjust in the midst of doing something(used before a verb to form a progressive)

zheng\ zai\ juung zigh

K

ketchup fan– qie/ jiang\ fahn tchee–eh jee–ahngking wang/ wahngknee xi– gai\ she guyknife dao– dowknife dao– zi dow dzuhknow how (to) hui\ hwayknow someone (to) ren\ shi\ wren shrknow that …, know a fact (to) zhi– dao\ jr dowKorea Chao/ xian– chow shee–inKorea Han/ guo/ hahn gwawKorean people Chao/ xian– ren/ chow shee–inn wrenKorean people Han/ guo/ ren/ hahn gwaw wrenL

labor gong– goonglake hu/ huulanguage wen/ wunlanguage (used after country name) hua\ hwahlarge da\ dahlate (to be) wan\/ wahnlate, too tai\ wan\/ tie wahnlately zui\ jin\ zway jeenlawyer lu\ shi– luu shrlearn, study (to) xue/ shu–ehleather pi/ peeleave (to) liu/ xia\ leo shee-ahleave (to) zou\/ zoeleft (in direction) zuo\/ zwawleft side, at the zai\ … zuo\/ bian– zigh … zwaw bee–inleft side, at the zuo\/ bian– zwaw bee–inleg tui\/ twaylemon ning/ meng/ neeng muunglend (to) jie\ gei\/ jee-eh gaylesson (number) di\ (number) ke\ dee (number) kuhlet's go zou\/ ba zoe bah


29


letter (as in mail) xin\ sheenlike (to) xi\/ huan– she hwahnlike, don't bu\ xi\/ huan– buu she hwahnliterature wen/ wunlittle shao\/ shoulittle bit, a yi\ dian\/ ee dee–inlong chang/ chahnglook (to) kan\ kahnlook at, take a kan\ kan\ kahn kahnlook for (to) zhao\/ jowlost, become (to) mi/ lu\ me luulove (to) ai\ eyelovely ke\/ ai\ kuh eyelump kuai\ kwielunch wu\/ fan\ wuu fahnM

make (to) zuo\ zwawmake sentence (to) zuo\ ju\ zi zwaw juu dzuhman ren/ wrenmanage (to) ban\ bahnManchuria (east north) Dong– bei\/ doong baymany duo– dwawmap di\ tu/ dee tuuMarch san– yue\ sahn yu–ehmarried (to be) jie/ hun– jee–eh hwunmay ke\/ yi\/ kuh eeMay wu\/ yue\ wuu yu–ehMay I ask? Qing\/ wen\ tcheeng wunmeans fang– fa\/ fahng fahmeet (people) jian\ jee–inmeeting, attend a (to) kai– hui\ kigh hwaymenu can\ dang– tsahn dahngmerely jiu\ jeomethod fang– fa\/ fahng fahMexican people Mo\ xi– ge– ren/ mwoh she guh wrenMexico Mo\ xi– ge– mwoh she guhmiddle zhong– joongmilk nai\/ nighmilk, cow's niu/ nai\/ neo nighminutes fen– (zhong–) fin joongmirror jing\ zi jeeng dzuhMiss, store assistant xiao\/ jie\/ shee–ow jee–ehMister, sir, husband, gentleman xian– sheng– shee–in shuungmoment/little while, in a yi/ xia\ ee shee–ahmoment/little while, in a yi– hui\/ er ee hway urhMonday xing– qi/ yi– (li\/ bai\ yi–) sheeng tchee eemoney qian/ tchee–inmonth yue\ yu–ehmonth, last shang\ ge yue\ shahng guh yu–ehmonth, next xia\ ge yue\ shee–ah guh yu–ehmonth, this zhei\ ge yue\ jay guh yu–ehmonth, two ago shang\ shang\ ge yue\ shahng shahng guh yu–ehmonth, two from now xia\ xia\ ge yue\ shee–ah shee–ah guh yu–ehmoon yue\ yu–ehmoon yue\ liang\ yu–eh lee–ahngmore hai/ highmorning 6 am to 9 am zao\/ chen/ zow chunmorning, early 3am to 6 am qing– chen/ tcheeng chunmost zui\ zwaymother ma– ma mah mahmountain, hill shan– shahn


30


mountain, on the shan– shang\ shahn shahngmouth kou\/ koemouth zui\/ ba– zway bahmovie dian\ ying\/ dee–in eengmuch duo– dwawmustard, ground jie\ mo jee–eh mwohmy, mine wo\/ de waw duhmyself wo\/ zi\ ji\/ waw dzuh jeeN

name, first ming/ zi\ meeng dzuhname, last xing\ sheengnamed (to be) xing\ sheengnapkin can– jin– zhi\/ tsahn jeen jrnarrow zhai\/ jighnation guo/ gwawneck bo/ zi\/ bwoh dzuhnecktie da\/ ling\/ dai\ dah leeng dienephew zhi/ er/ jr urhnew xin– sheenniece zhi/ nu\/ jr nuunight 11 pm to 3 am ye\ li\/ yeh leeno matter (choice between two things) bu/ lun\ … dou– (hao\/) buu lwun … doe (how)No thanks. Bu/ xie\. buu she–eh no, not bu\ buunoodles mian\ mee–innoon time 11 am to 1 pm zhong– wu\/ joong wuunoon, before 9 am to 11 am shang\ wu\/ shahng wuunorth bei\/ bayNorth America Bei\/ mei\/ zhou– bay may joenorth side bei\/ bian– bay bee–innose bi/ zi\/ bee dzuhnot, not yet mei/ maynot bad, so-so bu/ cuo\ buu tswawnot both bu\ dou– buu doenot very, not too bu/ tai\ buu tienotebook ben\/ zi\/ ben dzuhnotebook bi\/ ji\ ben\/ bee jee benNovember shi/ yi– yue\ shr ee yu–ehnow xian\ zai\ shee–in zighNow what time (is it)? Xian\ zai\ shi\ shen/ma shi/ hou\?shee–in zigh shr shuun mah shr hoenumber hao\ ma\/ how mahnurse hu\ shi\ huu shrO

o'clock dian\/ (zhong–) dee–in joongoccupy zai\ zighocean hai\/ highocean (hai\/) yang/ high yahngocean, big da\ hai\/ dah highOctober shi/ yue\ shr yu–ehoffice ban\ gong– shi\ bahn goong shroffice (for lawyer, accountant) shi\ wu\ suo\/ shr wuu swawoffice, go to (to) shang\ ban– shahng bahnoften chang/ (chang/) chahng chahngOK xing/ sheengOK? Hao\/ ma? how mahold jiu\ jeoon zai\ zighon duty, go (to) shang\ ban– shahng bahnone month yi– ge yue\ ee guh yu–ehone of (used with verb to be) yi– ge ee guh


31


onion, green cong– tsoongonly jiu\ jeoonly zhi\/ shi\ jr shropen (to) kai– kighopening kou\/ koeor huo\ shi\ hwaw shror (still is) hai/ shi high shrorange (color) ju/ se\ juu suhorange (fruit) liu\/ ding– leo deengOrange County cheng/ xian\ chuung shee–inorange juice liu\/ ding– zhi– leo deeng jrorder food (to) dian\/ cai\ dee-in tsighorigin ben\/ binours wo\/ men/ de waw mun duhoutside wai\ wighoutside wai\ tou wigh toeoutside zai\ … wai\ tou zigh … wigh toeoutside edge wai\ bian– wigh bee–inoutside edge zai\ … wai\ bian– zigh … wigh bee–inoutside surface wai\ mian\ wigh mee–inoutside surface zai\ … wai\ mian\ zigh … wigh mee–inox niu/ neoP

pair yi\ shuang– ee shwahngpair, a liang\/ lee–ahngpants ku\ zi\/ kuu dzuhpants, long chang/ ku\ chahng kuupants, short duan\/ ku\ dwahn kuupaper zhi\/ jrpaper, white bai/ zhi\/ buy jrpark gong– yuan/ goong ywenpart fen– finpass, exceed, crossover (to) guo\ gwawpassport hu\ zhao\ huu jowpay money to (to) fu\ qian/ fuu tchee–inpeach tao/ zi\/ tou dzuhpen, ball–point yuan/ zi\/ bi\/ ywen dzuh beepen, fountain gang– bi\/ gahng beepen, pencil, marker bi\/ beepencil qian– bi\/ tchee–in beepeople ren/ wrenpepper hu/ jiao– fen\/ huu jee–ow finpermission ke\/ yi\/ kuh eeperson ren/ wrenpiece kuai\ kwiepink color fen\/ hong/ se\ fin hoong suhplace di\ fang– dee fahngplan to (to) xiang\/ shee–ahngplastic bag (Taiwan) su\ jiao– dai\ suu jee–ow dieplastic bag (China) su\ liao\ dai\ suu lee–ow dieplate pan/ zi pahn dzuhplay ball da\/ qiu/ dah tcheoplay, (to) wan/ wahnplease qing\/ tcheengpoliceman jing\/ cha/ jeeng chahpotato ma\/ ling/ shu\/ mah leeng shuupower li\ leeprecisely jiu\ jeopresent li\/ wu\ lee wuupretty piao\ liang\ pee–ow lee–ahngproblem wen\ ti/ wun tee


32


problem, no mei/ you\/ wen\ ti/ may yoe wun teepurple color zi\/ se\ dzuh suhpurse pi/ bao– pee bowput on accessories (to) dai\ dieQ

quarter hour, first yi/ ke\ (zhong–) ee kuh joongquarter hour, third san– ke\ (zhong–) sahn kuh joongquestion wen\ ti/ wun teequestion, no mei/ you\/ wen\ ti/ may yoe wun teequick kuai\ kwieR

rain xia\ yu\/ shee–ah yuurather, really hen\/ hinread books kan\ shu– kahn shuureal, is zhen– de jun duhreally zhen– junreally is zhen– shi\ jun shrrear hou\ hoerecently jin\ lai/ jeen lierecently zui\ jin\ zway jeenrectangle chang/ fang– xing/ chahng fahng sheengred hong/ hoongred color hong/ se\ hoong suhregion bu\ buuremember now xiang\/ qi\/ lai/ le shee–ahng tchee lie luhrent (to) zu– zuurequest (to) qing\/ tcheengreservation, make a (to) ding\ wei\ deeng wayrest (to) xiu– xi sheo sherestaurant can– ting– tsahn teengrestaurant fan\ guan\/ fahn gwahnreturn, come back (to) hui/ lai/ hway liereturn from work (to) xia\ ban– shee–ah bahnreturn home (to) hui/ jia– hway jee–ahrice plant dao\ zi\/ dow dzuhrice, cooked fan\ fahnrice, cooked mi\/ fan\ me fahnrice, fried chao\/ fan\ chow fahnrice, uncooked mi\/ mericksha ren/ li\ che– wren lee chuhride astride (to) qi/ tcheeright (in direction) you\ yoeright side, at the you\ bian– yoe bee–inright side, at the zai\ … you\ bian– zigh … yoe bee–inroad lu\ luuroom wu– zi wuu dzuhroot ben\/ binruler chi\/ chrRussia E\ guo/ uh gwawRussia Su– lian/ suu lee–inRussian people E\ guo/ ren/ uh gwaw wrenRussian people Su– lian/ ren/ suu lee–in wrenS

sailboat fan/ chuan/ fahn chwahnsalad sha– la– shah lahsalt yan/ yahnsame yi/ yang\ ee yahngSaturday xing– qi/ liu\ (li\/ bai\ liu\) sheeng tchee leosay (to) shuo– shwaw


33


scarf wei/ jin– way jeenseasons, four (of the year) si\ ji\ suh jeeseconds miao\/ (zhong–) mee–ow joongsecretary mi\ shu– me shuusee (people) jian\ jee–inSee you again. (again see) Zai\ jian\. zigh jee–inSee you tomorrow. Ming/ tian– jian\. meeng tee–in jee–inseek (to) zhao\/ jowself zi\ ji\/ dzuh jeesell (to) mai\ my!September jiu\/ yue\ jeo yu–ehShansi province (mountains west) Shan– xi– shahn sheShantung province (mountains east) Shan– dong– shahn doongshape xing/ sheengship, boat chuan/ chwahnshirt, blouse chen\ shan– chun shahnshoes xie/ zi\/ she–eh dzuhshoes, leather pi/ xie/ pee she–ehshort (for people) ai\/ eyeshort (length, for things) duan\/ dwahnshould, ought to ying– gai– eeng guyside bian– bee–insister, older jie\/ jie jee–eh jee–ehsister, younger mei\ mei may maysit (to) zuo\ zwawskirt qun/ zi\/ tchwun dzuhsky tian– tee–insleep (to) shui\ jiao\ shway jee–owslower, be man\ yi\ dian\/ mahn ee dee–insmall xiao\/ shee–owsmart piao\ liang pee–ow lee–ahngsnack (before bed) xiao– ye\ shee–ow yehsnack (street stand) xiao\/ chi– shee–ow chrsnack, dim sum dian\/ xin– dee–in sheensnow xia\ xue\/ shee–ah shu–ehso suo\/ yi\/ swaw eeso–so ma\/ ma\/ hu– hu– mah mah huu huusocks wa\ zi\/ wah dzuhsoda qi\ shui\/ tchee shwaysoil tu\/ tuuson er/ zi urh dzuhson zi\/ dzuhsouth nan/ nahnSouth America Nan/ mei\/ zhou– nahn may joesouth side nan/ bian– nahn bee–inSpain Xi– ban– ya/ she bahn yahSpanish people Xi– ban– ya/ ren/ she bahn yah wrenspeak jiang\/ (shuo–) jee–ahng shwawspeak (to) shuo– shwawspeech hua\ hwahspeech yan/ yahnspinach bo– cai\ bwoh tsighspoon tang– chi/ tahng chrspring season chun– tian– chwun tee–insquare fang– xing/ fahng sheengstamp, postage you/ piao\ yoe pee–owstapler ding\ shu– ji– deeng shuu jeestate (political area) zhou– joestewardess kong– zhong– xiao\/ jie\/ koong joong shee-ow jee-ehstill hai/ highstill not yet (verb) hai/ mei/ (verb) ne high may … nuhstranger, wayfarer lu\ ren/ luu wren


34


straw xi– guan\/ she gwahnstreet jie– jee–ehstrength li\ leestudent, pupil xue/ sheng– shu–eh shuungsugar, candy tang/ tahngsuit xi– zhuang– she jwahngsummer season xia\ tian– shee–ah tee–insun ri\ rrsun tai\ yang/ tie yahngSun Yatsen (middle mountain) Zhong– shan– joong shahnSunday xing– qi/ tian (li\/ bai\ tian) sheeng tchee tee–insurface mian\ mee–insweater mao/ yi– mou eeswim (to) you/ yong\/ yoe yoongT

take a nap (to) shui\ wu\/ jiao\ shway wuu jee–owtake care of (to) zhao\ gu\ jow guutalk (to) shuo– shwawtall gao– gowtea cha/ chahteacher lao\/ shi– lou shrteeth ya/ chi\/ yah chrtelephone dian\ hua\ dee-in hwahtelephone call, make a (to) da\/ dian\ hua\ dah dee–in hwahtell (to) gao\ su\ gow suuthank you xie\ xie she she–ehthat na\ nahthat nei\ naytheir ta– men/ de tah mun duhthere nar\ nahrthere na\ li\/ nah leetherefore suo\/ yi\/ swaw eethese zhe\ xie– juh shee–ehthey, them ta– men/ tah munthigh da\ tui\/ dah twaything dong– xi doongthink of (to) xiang\/ shee–ahngthis zhei\ jaythis zhe\ juhthis one zhe\ ge juh guhThursday xing– qi/ si\ (li\/ bai\ si\) sheeng tchee suhtie ling\/ dai\ leeng dietime (number hour: number minutes) (number) dian\/ (number) fen– dee–in … fintime (by clock or calendar) shi/ hou shr hoetime, leisure gong– fu goong fuutime, next xia\ ci\ shee–ah tsutired (to be) lei\ layto (go) shang\ shahngto go (food; means sell outside) wai\ mai\ wigh mytoday jin– tian– jeen tee–intogether yi\ qi\/ ee tcheetomato fan– qie/ fahn tchee–ehtoo tai\ tietoo ye\/ yehtoothpick ya/ qian– yah tchee–intop shang\ shahngtoward wang\/ wahngtraffic lights hong/ lu\ deng– hoong luu duungtrain huo\/ che– hwaw chuhtrain station huo\/ che– zhan\ hwaw chuh jahntravel (to) lu\/ xing/ luu sheeng


35


tree mu\ muutree shu\ shuutree leaf shu\ ye\ (zi) shuu yeh dzuhtriangle san– jiao\/ xing/ sahn jee–ow sheengtrue, is zhen– de jun duhtrue, is not bu/ shi\ zhen– de buu shr jun duhTuesday xing– qi/ er\ (li\/ bai\ er\) sheeng tchee urhturn on (to) kai– kighturn over (to) fan\/ fahnturn right you\ zhuan\/ yoe jwahntwo of liang\/ lee–ahngtwo of … (measure) liang\/ ge\ lee–ahng guhU

understand (to) dong\/ doongunderwear nei\ yi– ku\ nay ee kuuUnited States Mei\/ guo/ may gwawuse (to) yong\ yoongused jiu\ jeoV

vegetable qing– cai\ tcheeng tsighvegetable shu– cai\ shuu tsighvegetable dish su\ cai\ suu tsighvegetables, stir–fry chao\/ qing– cai\ chow tcheeng tsighvehicle che– chuhvehicle qi\ che– tchee chuhvehicle, electric; trolley bus dian\ che– dee–in chuhvery hen\/ hinvery many hen\/ duo– hin dwawvideotape lu\ ying\/ dai\ luu eeng dieViet Nam Yue\ nan/ yu–eh nahnVietnamese people Yue\ nan/ ren/ yu–eh nahn wrenvisa qian– zheng\ tchee–in juungvisit (to) zhao\/ jowvocabulary sheng– zi\ shuung dzuhvolume (of books) ben\/ binW

wait (to) deng\/ duungwaiter fu/ wu\ sheng– fuu wuu shuungwallet, leather pi/ jia/ zi\/ pee jee–ah dzuhwant (to) yao\ yowwant, don't bu/ yao\ buu yowwant, still hai/ yao\ high yowwarm nuan\/ huo/ nwahn hwawwatch shou\/ biao\/ show bee–owwater shui\/ shwaywatermelon xi– gua– she gwahway fang– fa\/ fahng fahwe, us wo\/ men/ waw munwear clothes (to) chuan– chwahnweather tian– qi\ tee–in tcheeWednesday xing– qi/ san– (li\/ bai\ san–) sheeng tchee sahnweek li\/ bai\ (xing– qi/) lee buyweek xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) sheeng tcheeweek, last shang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shahng guh sheeng tchee / lee buyweek, next xia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shee–ah guh sheeng tchee / lee buyweek, this zhei\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) jay guh sheeng tchee / lee buy

week, two agoshang\ shang\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\)

shahng shahng guh sheeng tchee / lee buy

week, two from now xia\ xia\ ge xing– qi/ (li\/ bai\) shee–ah shee–ah guh sheeng tchee / lee


36


buywest xi– shewest side xi– bian– she bee–inWhat is your name? Gui\ xing\? gway sheengWhat time (is it)? Ji\/ dian\/ zhong–? jee dee–in joongwhat? na\/ nahwhat? nei\/ naywhat? shen/ me shuun muhwhat? shen/ mo shuun–mwohwhen? shen/ me shi/ hou\ shuun muh shr hoewhere? na\/ li\/ nah leewhere? nar\/ nahrwhich na\/ nahwhich nei\/ naywhich (plural) na\/ xie– nah shee–ehwhich one na\/ ge nah guhwhite bai/ buywho shei/ shaywhose shei/ de shay duhwhy (used at beginning of sentence)

wei\ shenme/ way shuun mah

wide kuan– kwahnwife, Mrs. tai\ tai tie tiewilling to yuan\ yi\ ywen eewind blow gua– feng– gwah fuungwindow chuang– hu\ chwahng huuwinter season dong– tian– doong tee–inwipe (to) ca– tsahwith, follow gen– gunwoman nu\/ ren/ nuu wrenwoman, career zhi/ ye\ fu\ nu\/ jr yeh fuu nuuwood mu\ muuword yan/ yahnwork gong– goongwork gong– zuo\ goong zwawwork, do (to) zuo\ gong– zuo\ zwaw goong zwawwork, have a job; handle affairs (to)

zuo\ shi\ zwaw shr

worker gong– ren/ goong wrenwrite (to) xie\/ she–ehwriting wen/ wunwrong bu/ dui\ buu dwaywrong cuo\ tswawY

year nian/ nee–inyear, last qu\ nian/ tchuu nee–inyear, next ming/ nian/ meeng nee–inyear, this jin– nian/ jeen nee–inyear, two ago qian/ nian/ tchee–in nee–inyear, two from now hou\ nian/ hoe nee–inyellow color huang/ se\ hwahng suhyes shi\ a! shr ahyes (in response to are you…?) shi\ shryou (plural) ni\/ men/ nee munyou (polite) nin/ neenyou (singular) ni\/ neeYou dialed the wrong number. Ni\/ da\/ zuo\ le. Nee dah zwaw luhYou're welcome. Bu/ ke\ qi\. buu kuh tcheeyour (plural) ni\/ men/ de nee mun duhyour (singular) ni\/ de nee duhyourself ni\/ zi\ ji\/ nee dzuh jee


37



38


Mandarin Pronunciation GuideThe word for “good” in Mandarin Chinese is spelled “hao” using the Pinyin system. To learn how to pronounce it, find “H” in to top row of this chart. Find “AO” in either the left or right column. Then locate where the column and row intersect and you will see it is pronounced “how.”

A B C CH D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S SH T W X Y Z ZH

A ah bah tsah chah dah · fah gah hah · kah lah mah nah · pah · · sah shah tah wah · yah zah jah A

AI eye buy tsigh chigh die · · guy high · kigh lie my nigh · pie · · sigh shy tie wigh · · zigh jigh AI

ANahn

bahntsah

nchahn dahn ·

fahn

gahn hahn · kahn lahnmah

nnahn · pahn ·

rahn

sahn

shahn tahnwah

n·

yahn

zahn

jahn AN

ANG

ahng

bahng

tsahng

chahng

dahng

·fahng

gahng

hahng

·kahn

glahng

mahng

nahng ·pahn

g·

rahng

sahng

shahng

tahng

wahng

·yahng

zahng

jahng

ANG

AO ow bow tsow chow dow · · gow how · kow lou mou now · pow · rousaow

shou tou · · yow zow jow AO

E · · tsuh chuh duh uh · guh huh · kuh luh muh nuh · · · ruh suh shuh tuh · · yeh zuh juh E

EI · bay · · ·(long.a)

fay gay hay · · lay may nay · pay · · · shay · way · · zay jay EI

EN · buntswu

nchun · un fun gun hun · kun · mun nun · pun ·

wrun

sun shuun · wun · · zun jun EN

ENG

·buun

gtsuung

chuung

duung

ungfuung

guung

huung

·kuun

gluung

muung

nuung ·puun

g·

ruung

suung

shuung

tuung

wuung

· ·zuung

juung

ENG

ER · · · · · urh · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ER

I · bee tsu chr dee · · · · jee · lee me nee · pee tchee rr suh shr tee · she eedzuh

jr I

IA · · · · · · · · ·jee·a

h·

lee·ah

· · · ·tchee·a

h· · · · ·

shee·ah

· · · IA

IAN ·bee·i

n· ·

dee·in

· · · · jee·in · lee·inmee·

innee·in ·

pee·in

tchee·in

· · ·tee·i

n·

shee·in

· · · IAN


39


IANG

· · · · · · · · ·jee·ahng

·lee·ahng

·nee·ahng

· ·tchee·a

hng· · · · ·

shee·ahng

· · ·IAN

G

IAO ·bee·ow

· ·dee·o

w· · · ·

jee·ow

·lee·o

wmee·ow

nee·ow

·pee·ow

tchee·ow

· · ·tee·ow

·shee·o

w· · · IAO

IE ·bee·eh

· ·dee·e

h· · · ·

jee·eh

·lee·e

hme·e

hnee·e

h·

pee·eh

tchee·eh

· · ·tee·eh

·shee·e

h· · · IE

IN · bin · · · · · · · jeen · leenmee

nneen · peen tcheen · · · · · sheen een · · IN

ING ·been

g· ·

deeng

· · · · jeeng · leengmeeng

neeng ·peen

gtcheen

g· · ·

teeng

·sheen

geen

g· · ING

IONG

· · · · · · · · ·jee·ohng

· · · · · · · · · · · ·shee·o

ng· · ·

IONG

IU · · · ·deo/dew

· · · ·jeo/jew

·leo/lew

meo neo · · tcheo · · · · · sheo · · · IU

O ·bwo

h· · · ·

fwoh

· · · · ·mwo

h·

aw

pwaw

· · · · · waw · yaw · · O

ONG

· ·tsoong

choong

doong

· ·goon

ghoon

g·

koong

loong · noong · · ·roong

soong

·toon

g· ·

yoong

zoong

joong

ONG

OU · · tsoe choe doe · foe go hoe · koe low moe nooh

poe · roe sow show toe · · yoe zoe joe OU

U · buu tsu chuu duu · fuu guu huu juu kuu luu muu nuu · puu tchu ruu suu shuu tuu wuu shu yuu zuu juu U

UA · · ·chwa

h· · · gwah hwah · kwah · · · · · · · ·

shwah

· · · · · jwah UA

UAI · · · chwie · · · gwie hwie · kwie · · · · · · · · shwie · · · · · jwie UAI

UAN

· ·tswahn

chwahn

dwahn

· ·gwah

nhwah

njwen

kwahn

lwahn ·nwah

n· ·

tchwahn

rwahn

swahn

shwahn

twahn

· shwenywe

nzwahn

jwahn

UAN


40


UANG

· · ·chwahng

· · ·gwah

nghwah

ng·

kwahng

· · · · · · · ·shwahng

· · · · ·jwahng

UANG

UE · · · · · · · · · ju·eh · lu·eh · nu·eh · · · · · · · · shu·ehyu·e

h· · UE

UI · ·tswa

ychwa

ydway · · gway hway · kway · · · · · ·

rway

sway

shway

tway · · ·zwa

yjway UI

UN · ·tswu

nchwu

ndwun · · gwun hwun jwin kwun lwun · · · · tchwun

rwun

suun

shwun

twun

· shwunywu

nzwu

njuwu

nUN

UO · ·tswa

wchwa

wdwaw · ·

gwaw

hwaw

·kwaw

lwaw · nwaw · · ·rwaw

swaw

shwaw

twaw

· · ·zwaw

jwaw UO


41