Theme 3 Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops

James Legg & Theme 3 Team

RTB Annual Planning Meeting

December 8-10, Lima, Peru

Research Highlights

Overview

James Legg

Development and registration of AdiosMacho-Po and AdiosMacho-St:

a new public-private-partnership for the benefit of small scale potato

farmers

Jürgen Kroschel

RTB-led international alliance for banana bunchy top disease control

in Africa: progress and prospects

Lava Kumar

CROSS-CUTTING

Complementary Projects: The Framework

for Cross-Center Collaboration

Project Lead Center RTB Partners Other

Partners

Location

Degenerative

Diseases

CIP Bioversity,

CIAT, IITA

NRI, KSU/UF,

Aarrhus Univ.,

NARS

Global

Pest Risk

Assessment

CIP Bioversity,

CIAT, IITA

FERA, CABI,

OSU, NARS

Great Lakes

Region of E

Africa

Banana

Bunchy Top

Virus

Bioversity IITA, CIRAD NARS East, Central,

West Africa

Predicting the Effects of Seed Degeneration Sara Thomas et al

23/9/2015 https://yanru­xing.shinyapps.io/SDAppvX1

https://yanru­xing.shinyapps.io/SDAppvX1 1/1

Init ial proportion  of healthy seed

(1=only healthy seed  used, 0=only

infected  seed  used)

1

External inoculum around  farm

(50=high  level of external inoculum,

0=absence of  external inoculum)

5

Maximum seasonal transmission

rate (Maximum rate of disease

transmission  during  the season

when  there are no  limitations for

disease to  spread)

0,02

Weather conduciveness for disease

(1=highly disease conducive

weather, 0=weather completely

restricts disease spread)

0,8

shinyapps.io Powered by  

Pest Risk Assessment and Climate Change Impacts Target Sites along Altitudinal Gradients

Rusizi Basin, Burundi

Climate gradient Burundi, Rusizi Basin: 900 to 2600 m asl Rwanda, Ruhengeri: 1400 to 2600 m asl

BXW & Fusarium wilt

CMD, CBSD &

whiteflies

Altitude Effects on RTB Pest/Diseases

Collaboration to model pest/disease risk

Cropland connectivity as a risk factor for invasion and saturation by pathogens and pests: the case of banana, cassava, potato, sweetpotato, and yam

John Hernandez Nopsa et al. - 2015

PRA Training – Oct 8-16: Kigali, Rwanda

PRA Draft Documents Completed for: • Tuta absoluta

• Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)

• Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense TR4

• Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV)

• Cassava Brown Streak Viruses (CBSVs)

BBTD management: Pilot sites and stages of recovery

Pilot sites set up

in 8 countries

Understanding gender relations in banana cropping systems and their implications

for BBTD management

Gender distribution of tasks • Land clearing: Mostly men (Burundi

64%) • Weeding: Mostly women (DRC 87%) • Many activities: Men and women

Knowledge of BBTD • Very low among both men and women • In Gabon over 80% men and women not

able to accurately identify BBTD

Community mobilization for BBTD control • Women play a key role in Nigeria

Cross-sectional study carried out by gender specialists using standard protocol in all 7 pilot sites

Nematode damage to yam: Meloidogyne spp.

Meloidogyne spp. View under light microscope of extract from infected yam peel (e), Juvenile(f), Juvenile anteror end (g)

e

f

g

Galled tubers

Nematode damage to yam: Scutellonema bradys

Scutellonema bradys View under light microscope of extract from yam peels (a), Male (b) female (c), Female anterior end (d)

a

b c d

Dry rotted tubers

Species composition of 42 samples of Meloidogyne

populations isolated from yam in Nigeria

3% 2%

70%

14%

2% 7%

2%

M. arenaria

M. enterolobii

M. incognita

M. javanica

M. arenaria & M.

incognita

M. enterolobii & M.

incognita

M. enterolobii, M.

incognita & M. javanica

This is a first report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on yam

Management of Yam Nematodes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ame Ame Dan Akuki Ame Dan Akuki Pepa Ame Dan

Ilorin Kwali - Abuja G/lada - Abuja Kubwa - Abuja

Tu

ber w

eig

ht (K

g)

varieties within the sites

Tuber weight of seed yam varieties produced from treated and untreated setts in Ilorin and Abuja

Treated

Untreated

Farmer treatment

(wood ash) Pesticide

Visualizing CWB distribution

CWB impact on cassava yields

J. Legg - IITA

Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (CMD)

CMD – Lake Zone, Tanzania

Cassava Virus Pandemics in Africa

Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)

Whitefly Vector (Bemisia tabaci)

Phytosanitation to Control CBSD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CB

SD

In

cid

en

ce

(%

)

10 PRG

farmers

10 SRG

farmers

CBSD Clean Seed Systems Community Action

The Fruits of Effective CBSD Management

Improved Local

Virus-free cv. Mkombozi: Chato Community phytosanitation yield data: Mkuranga

Chato

Mkuranga

Introduction of virus-free CBSD-tolerant

varieties to communities in Lake and Coast Zones

Chato

• CBSD incidence < 10% after 3 seasons

• 110% yield increase cw local material

Management of banana Xanthomonas wilt

(BXW)

Regional Approach to

BXW Containment and Control

Diagnostic tools for BXW detection and surveillance

Appropriate refinement and scaling

models

Best practices for

producing disease-free

planting material Gender

sensitive cultural

practices for field

eradication of BXW

Resistant and

infection-escaping varieties

National BXW

containment and control strategies

and measures

BXW Field

Detection:

How the

Lateral Flow

Device works

District 0 plant 1-20 plants 20-100 plants >100 plants

Baseline

August

2012

Jan 2013 August

2012

Jan 2013 August

2012

Jan

2013

August

2012

Jan

2013

Mbarara 0 97

55 188

130 0

100 0

Isingiro 0 20

0 180

0 0

200 0

Ntungamo 0 1

0 67

58 0

10 0

Rubirizi 0 17

0 170

155 0

32 0

Sheema 0 15

7 50

95 0

56 0

Buhweiju 0 33

19 66

30 0

50 0

Kiruhura 0 6

0 83

50 61

100 0

Mitooma 0 0

0 12

90 88

20 0

Ibanda 0 0

15 71

56 25

35 10

Bushenyi 0 0

0 23

90 70

12 9

Impact: Effect of cultural practices

on BXW disease incidence

Future Perspectives

Programme Structure. Themes to FPs.

Two complementary projects (PRA and

BBTV) fall within FP3, one (Degen.

Diseases) is in FP2

Most of the current Theme 3 portfolio will

be housed under FP3

Greatest challenge.

Resources. Is there scope for greater

cross-centre discussion about resource

mobilization? Site integration as a focus?

Acknowledgements

Jürgen Kroschel Kris Wyckhuys

Lava Kumar

Charles Staver

Eldad Karamura Greg Forbes Kiddo Mtunda

Donors & Partners

Danny Coyne Norbert Maroya