• Making medieval culture and traditions alive in our own Making medieval culture and traditions alive in our own daysdays
• Medieval events chart (IXth to XVIIth century)
IX-th Century• First Hungarian attack in
Transylvania• Depicted by Anonymus in his
chronicle “Gesta Hungarorum”• Hungarians found here three rulers:
Gelu, Glad, Menumorut• In the next century, those three
were defeated by the Hungarians
Ruins of the Biharea fortress, Menumorut’s residence
• Menumorut was a strong leader, who tried to fight the Hungarians
X-th century• Jupan (ruler) Dimitrie ruled in Dobrudja
(South-Eastern part of Romania, on the Black Sea Coast)
• His name can be found on an inscription discovered in today’s Mircea Voda, dating 943
• Little is known about Dimitrie or his state
The inscription of 943 • The language in the old language
of the Slavs, used by the Romanians in the medieval times
• It seems to be the first written document in this language discovered in our country
XI-th century• The Roman-Catholic Cathedral “Saint
Michael” in Alba-Iulia is built beginning with the XI-th century
• It was built in Romanic style with Gothic influences added later
• It was partially destroyed by the Tartars in 1242
• Here are the tombs of Iancu of Hunedoara and Ioan Sigismund, rulers of Transylvania
XII-th century• 1176-the first voievod (ruler,
prince) of Transylvania is mentioned in a document
• His name was Leustachius• Transylvania was under the rule of
the Hungarian kingdom by that time
XII-th century• He was also count of Dăbâca
before being ruler of Transylvania• Little is known about him and his
period as a ruler
XIII-th century• Building of the Râşnov peasants’ fortress• It was built by the inhabitants from
Râşnov, near the city of Braşov• They needed a fortess in order to protect
themselves from the attacks of the Tartars and later from the Turks; the Tartars could not conquer the fortress in the 13th century
XIV-th century• The Battle of Posada-1330• In 1330, the Hungarian king Carol
Robert of Anjou tried to defeat the Romanian ruler Basarab (also named Basarab the I-st the Founder, the first prince of Valachia, the Southern part of Romania)
• Basarab won and the Romanian state became independent
XV-th century• The battle of Podu-Inalt (Vaslui)• In 1475, January 10-th, a huge Turkish
army tried to conquer Moldavia (the Eastern part of Romania), which was ruled by the greatest medieval prince, Steven the Great.
• The Turks were badly defeated, but returned the next year
XVI-th century• The battle of Calugareni• In 1595, the Turkish army led by Sinan
attacked Valachia again• The battle took place in Calugareni, on the river
Neajlov, in a moor (close to the Danube river)• The Romanians under the rule of Michael the
Brave won• Michael the Great was the first ruler of the
three Romanian states (Transylvania, Valachia and Moldavia) in 1600
XVII-th century• The Bible of Bucharest, 1688• This Bible is the first book written in Romanian• The work of translating the Bible into Romanian
started during the rule of prince Serban Cantacuzino and finished under the rule of the great prince Constantin Brancoveanu
• It was translated by a group of scholars• It was one of the most important books in the
Romanian space in medieval times and helped to the creation of today literary language
Bible of Bucharest• Bucharest was the capital of
Valachia in medieval and modern times and became the capital of Romania in the XIX-th century
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