MAIN RESULTS OF THE TASK
Garching, January 17th, 2006: L. Ooms
TW4-TSW-001-D1a: Recycling
Report: Feasibility of fusion waste recyclingReference: R-4056, February 2005; L. Ooms, V. Massaut
Experience in fission technology
• Discussion with melting facilities: Siempelkamp (Germany)
Studsvik (Sweden)
Socodei (France)
Duratek (US)
• Discussion with manufacturers of
complex pieces (PLANSEE, Austria).
Experience in fission technology
Nuclear melting facilities:• Goals for fission industry:
Homogenization
Decontamination
Volume reduction
• Present installations => No remote control (but possible)
• Feasible to treat material up to 1000 Bq/g (hands on)
• Melting points determined by the oven lining
• Products of melting are simple
• Severe filtration system
Experience in fission technology
Materials treated up to now:• Low activities: limit value around 200 Bq/g • Transport regulation is also a limit to take into
account.• Materials treated up to now: Al, SS, CS, Pb, Zn
and brass.• Material separation during melting:
Separation possible if delta T > 200°C Very few practical experience Danger for cross-contamination
Between materials Between oven liner and materials
Recycling of fusion materials is rather complex and challenging (1) Wide range of materials, joined using special bonding
techniques. Joining Technologies
Brazing Electron Beam Welding Diffusion Bonding Hot Isostatic Pressing Casting
Sophisticated testing during fabrication Non-Destructive Examination Radiography Ultrasonic Thermography Hot Helium Leak Tests.
Feasibility of fusion waste recycling
Recycling of fusion materials is rather complex and challenging (2) High dose rate Parameters not yet known:
Impurities Build up of activation products Effects on material properties Dose rate and activity level
Waste treatment: slag, dust, tritium
Feasibility of fusion waste recycling
Feasibility of fusion waste recycling
ACTIVITY LEVEL PLANT MODEL A
1,0E+001,0E+011,0E+021,0E+031,0E+041,0E+051,0E+061,0E+071,0E+081,0E+091,0E+101,0E+111,0E+12
1 year 50 years 100 years
Decay period
Act
ivit
y l
evel
(B
q/g
)
Blanket
Divertor
First wall
TF coil
VV
Shield
Remote recycling
Current limit
• Define the techniques for recycling, since melting is only a partial solution.
• Recycling includes also separation and fabrication of the parts.
• Availibility of detritiation processes• Available capacity is too low, so recycling plants have to
be build.• Hands on recycling is excluded (limit is 1000 Bq/g),
even after 100 years of decay.
Conclusions (1)
Recycling of fusion materials is not obvious, several challenges have to be overcome
►To cope with the findings of the final PPCS report (no waste burden in recycling is applied) it is important to show to the public that recycling can be applied on fusion materials.
►Do not make the same mistake as in fission technology!
Conclusions (2)
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