MADISON AND MONROEUNIT 3.4
#4 JAMES MADISONElected in 1808 (and re-elected in 1812)
Served 1809-1817
Democratic-Republican
Part of Virginia Dynasty
Shortest President (5’4”)
wife – Dolly
Inherited problems from the Embargo Act and Impressment Issues
WAR OR PEACE
“Mr. Madison’s War” – nickname for the War of 1812
Causes:
1. Impressment / Freedom of the Seas
– remember Chesapeake-Leopard affair?
2. War Hawks – those wanted to fight (younger congressmen)
- Henry Clay
- John C. Calhoun
3. Border disputes/Desire for Land (Manifest Destiny)
- Maine, Oregon, Canada
4. Indian “problem” – Is Britain helping them?
WAR OF 1812 – THE BAD- Failed invasion of Canada.
- Navy in the Atlantic Ocean (how did those Jeffs do?)
- Defeat of troops on East Coast
- Burning of Washington D.C. (1814)
WAR OF 1812 - SUCCESSES - Against Indians
Battle of Thames – William H. Harrison v. Tecumseh
Battle of Horseshoe Bend – Andrew Jackson
- Commodore Oliver Perry in Great Lakes (Battle of Put-in-Bay)
- Ft. McHenry (Baltimore)
- Francis Scott Key and the Star-Spangled Banner
CEASEFIRE
Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 24, 1814)
- Did not resolve any of the causes of the war, just stopped the fighting.
- Why did we sign it?
- Why did Britain sign it?
- Ever since the War of 1812, how is our overall relationship with Britain?
THE BIGGEST BATTLE? - After the Treaty was signed, the biggest battle was fought. Why?
Battle of New Orleans (Jan) 1815
- Andrew Jackson
- help from pirates led by Jean Lafitte. Why did they help the U.S.?
- Casualties: U.S. - 55 killed, 185 wounded, 93 MIA
Britain – 386 killed, 1521 wounded, 552 MIA
- Why did it not matter officially?
- Why did it matter unofficially?
OLD COUNTRY SONGHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=XBME_CLKBBU
NEW ENGLAND RUMBLINGS
- New England states felt that the Democratic-Republicans were trying to purposely hurt them with Embargo and then war.
- Met during war
- Hartford Convention (1814)
- Discussed Nullification and hinted at Secession- Soon after news of Ghent and New Orleans- Basically deathblow to Federalist Party (except for in
Supreme Court w/ John Marshall)
FLORIDA AFTER WAR OF 18121st Seminole War- After New Orleans, Jackson
went back after Creeks
- Many “ran away” to Spanish Florida
- Jackson went after them with U.S. Army (act of war)
- Seminoles never surrender, fighting just stops over time
- Diplomatic crisis for U.S.
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
- U.S. buys Florida for $5.3 million
- U.S. gives up any claims to Texas from L.P.
-Jackson becomes military governor of Florida
#5 JAMES MONROE- Elected in 1816, Re-elected in 1820
- Ran unopposed in 1820 - But not elected unanimously in the Electoral College. Why not?
- Era of Good Feelings nickname, but was everything good?
- Had Goodwill Tour of Nation- Last of Virginia Dynasty. 1817-1824
GREAT LAKES PROBLEM SOLVED
Rush – Bagot Agreement (1818)
- With Britain (weren’t we just fighting them?)
- Led to mutual disarmament of Great Lakes (demilitarization)
- Longest undefended border between U.S. and (now) Canada
THIS IS OUR HEMISPHERE!
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
- Written by Sec. of State John Q. Adams (Monroe gives it in a State of Union Address)
- Aimed at Britain and France (eyeing lands Spain is losing- Mexico 1821)
- Says that European powers are to not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere (N & S America)
- U.S. Navy did not have power to enforce it. So who did and why?
MAIN IDEA (MINI-THESIS)
The United States sought dominance over the North American continent through a variety of means, including military actions, judicial decisions, and diplomatic efforts.
War of 1812, Adam-Onis Treaty, Monroe Doctrine
THE 3 WHO LASTED (NEVER DIE?)The Great Triumvirate
- Emerging during the War of 1812 talk, they will be powerful forces in the U.S. government through the 1850s
- From the West – Henry Clay
- From the South – John C. Calhoun
- From New England – Daniel Webster
SECTIONALISM EMERGESMissouri Compromise / Compromise of 1820
- In 1819 there were 11 free states / 11 slave states.
- Southerners wanted to keep the balance to block any laws that threatened Slavery (free outnumbered in House of Reps).
- Missouri applied for statehood (first from Louisiana Purchase).
- After months of debate, Henry Clay makes a Compromise Bill.
- Missouri as a slave state- Maine as a free state- In rest of Louisiana Purchase, all above 36-30 latitude to be
free- Solves problem for next 30 years.
MONEY ISSUES1816 Tariff- Put into place to protect
U.S. Manufactures.
- Many had developed due to embargo and war limiting competition
- 1st protective tariff in U.S. history
- Why good? Why bad?
Panic of 1819- First major economic
downturn since 1789.
- Panic = recession
- Caused by over speculation on land and Wildcat Banks
BUS PROBLEMS
2nd Bank of U.S.- Rechartered in 1816
- Democratic-Republicans approved it
- How is different than when the Federalists first introduced one?
McCulloch v. Maryland- 1819
- Could a state tax the B.U.S.?
- Can Congress have a bank without a section in the Constitution?
- John Marshall and Supreme Court ruled yes due to:
- Elastic Clause – “congress can do anything necessary and proper”
- Known as Implied Powers
- Federalist Party dead, but ideas live on.
MARSHALL, MARSHALL, MARSHALL
Gibbons v. Ogden- 1824
- Ferries in Hudson
- Marshall rules Federal government has power over Interstate Commerce
Other Marshall cases- Ruled in favor of the Federal gov’t
and businesses over the states.
- How is that what the Federalist Party wanted?
- Fletcher v. Peck 1810 – Contracts legal even if shady
- Worcester v. Georgia 1831 – U.S., not states over Indians
MAIN IDEA (MINI-THESIS)
Supreme Court decisions sought to assert federal power over state laws and the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution.
Examples: McCulloch v. Maryland, Worcester v. Georgia, Gibbons v. Ogden
3.4 REFLECTION QUESTIONS
- 1. What were the causes of the War of 1812?
- 2. How did Presidents Madison and Monroe go away from the original ideas of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans?
- 3. Although the Federalist Party died in the 1810s, how did it actually continue to exert its influence for the next two decades?
- 4. In what ways did the Supreme Court increase the power of the federal government over the states in the early 1800s?
- 5. How does the Missouri Compromise delay the sectional conflict within the United States?
LINKS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBmE_clkBBU – Battle of New Orleans song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsH9cR9Hv-c&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=2&feature=plcp – review video (War of 1812)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVZhJT1tBW4&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=55&feature=plcp – review video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGDRnNneGvQ&feature=fvwrel – Presidents song
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