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Muṣṭalaḥ Al-Ḥadīth Hadith Terminology
1Hadith Structure 2Varioius
issues regarding Ahadith
3Orientalists and Hadith
Learning Intention for this WORKSHOP إن شاء الله
oop
1 Isnad & Matn Mutawaatir & Ahaad Hadith according to its origins Conditions for a saheeh Hadith
HadithStructure
KEY-facts Mustalah Al-Hadith is a very
sophisticated science It only developed into a science in the
Muslim scholarly community
Distinct components of any Hadith …oop
1. The MATN: The body/text of the Hadith
2. The ISNAAD: The chain of transmission
Ibn Hajr رحم%%ه الله said: “A Khabr [Hadeeth] may have few Turuq/Isnaad (chains); either of a fixed number or an unfixed amount. There will either be more than two Sanads or two or one.” [Nukhbat-ul-Fikr, page 10]
Muhammad ibn Sirin رحم%%ه الله said: “They did not previously inquire about the sanad. However, after the turmoil occurred they would say, ‘Name for us your narrators.’ So the people of the Sunnah would have their hadith accepted and the people of innovation would not.” [Reported by Muslim in the introduction to his Sahih, vol. 1, pg. 8]
Every Hadith has TWO very distinct components …
Mutawaatir & Ahaadoop If the Isnaad has an unfixed amount of Turuq [different ways of
transmission] than the Hadith is labeled as Mutawaatir[either mutawaatir lafzee (wording) or mutawateer m’anawee (meaning)]
Narrated by a large number of scholars Scholars are found in every level/generation of the chain Impossibility of them gathering together to make up a lie Serves ‘ilm-ul-yaqeen (definite or certainty of the narration)
Any Isnaad which does not fulfil the conditions of Mutawaatir is called Ahaad [mashoor: 3, people, ‘azeez: 2 people, ghareeb: 1 person … in every generation]
Condition for a saheeh Hadithoop Some ‘Ulama have established five conditions for a Hadith to be
saheeh (authentic):1. Good character of all its narrators 2. Good memory and precision on the part of narrators with regard
to what they are narrating. 3. Continuous isnaad from beginning to end, meaning that each
narrator heard the Hadith from the one before him. 4. The Hadith is free from any oddness in its isnaad or text. What is
meant by “odd” is anything in which the narrator narrates something that contradicts the narration of a sounder narrator.
5. The Hadith is free from faults in its isnaad and text. A “fault” is a subtle problem that undermines the soundness of the Hadith, which can be detected only by the well versed scholars of Hadith
Basic Structure in Mustalah Al-Hadith
oopCategorization of the Hadith according to its narration to us
Mutawatir
Ahaad
Hassan (good)
Rejected due to an error in the isnaad
Mardood (rejected)
Makbool (accepted)
Saheeh (authentic)
Rejected due to an error in the Raawí (narrator)
2 What is the difference between “saheeh hadeeth” and “its isnaad is saheeh”
Are we allowed to narrate a Hadith by
its meaning?
The six most famous Hadith collections
KEY-facts In order to be a Muhadith
one must dedicate ones whole live to learn the detailed issues of this science
Various issues
regarding Ahadith
Difference between “saheeh hadeeth” and “saheeh isnaad”
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Al-Haafiz ibn al-Salaah رحم%%ه الله said: “When they say “This hadeeth has a saheeh isnaad or a hasan isnaad” instead of “this is a saheeh hadeeth or a hasan hadeeth”, that is because it may be said that this hadeeth has a saheeh isnaad but it is not saheeh per se because it is shaadhdh (odd) or mu’allal (faulty).”
[Muqaddimah fi ‘Uloom al-Hadeeth, page 23]
Ibn Katheer رحم%ه الله said: “The fact that the isnaad is deemed to be saheeh or hasan does not necessarily mean that the same applies to the text, because it may be shaadhdh (odd) or mu’allal (faulty).”
[Ikhtisaar ‘Uloom al-Hadeeth, page 43]
Narrating a Hadith by its meaningoop It is permissible for a person to narrate the meaning of a Hadith
according to the majority of scholars, for one who has knowledge of Arabic and is free of the risk of making mistakes or changing the meaning which would lead to changing the ruling. But that changing of the wording is not allowed in the case of words that used in worship such as dhikr and du’a that are narrated in ahadeeth.
The six most famous Hadith collectionsoop1- Imam al-Bukhaari
Abu ‘Abd-Allaah Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel ibn Ibraaheem ibn al-Mugheerah ibn Bardizbah al-Ja’fi al-Bukhaari (194-256 AH)
2- Imam MuslimMuslim ibn al-Hajjaaj ibn Muslim al-Qushayri al-NisapooriAbu’l-Husayn (204-261 AH)
3- Imam Abu Dawood (202-275 AH)
4- Imam al-Tirmidhi (209-279 AH)
5- Imam al-Nasaa’í (215-300 AH)
6- Imaam Ibn Maajah (209-273 AH)
3KEY-Facts
Orientalists were studying Hadith for the past two centuries
They studied Hadith for various reasons/intentions
Orientalists and Hadith
Who are some of the most famous Orientalists in regards to Hadith studies
Important notes regarding Orientalist
studies of Hadith
Some Orientalists who studied Hadithoop Joseph Schacht Ignaz Goldzieher G.H.A. Juynboll Nabia Abbott … and others
Orientalists had various reasons/intentions to study Hadith There was some benefit which came from the Orientalist’s studies of
Hadith There is a lot of doubt about the Sunnah/Hadith spread by
Orientalists Many of their arguments against the Sunnah are self-defeating
The EndBy Abu Bilal Sanel Abdurrahman
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