ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND THE
GLOBAL AGENDA
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
Global Trends
Globalisation of:• Business and trade in goods and services;• Communication systems;• Media coverage and ownership, hence awareness;• Travel and tourism;• Urban links with mega-city growth
• Environmental impacts – air and atmospheric, water and oceanic, biodiversity, pathogens, climate;
• Responses…
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
Global Responses• Global institutions
– UN and World Bank systems
– Global Associations – ICLEI,
– Global NGOs – WWF, IUCN, Greenpeace
• Global conventions
• Global intentions
• National interpretations
• Local applications
THINK GLOBALLY
ACT LOCALLY
Everything
happens
locally!
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
It’s NOT the thought that counts!
Three elements necessary for behavioural change:
Awareness of the need to change, and of the goal of change
Right attitude and a firm intention to change, i.e. a decision
The ability (authority, resources, knowledge, etc.) to change
(empowerment)
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
Many Conventions, including Millennium Development Goals
• Trans-generational sustainability– Environment and natural resources – Economic– Social
• Reduce poverty• Remove gender discrimination• Improve governance• Encourage empowerment = participation
Global Goals
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
Sustainability: local - global
Sustainability presupposes:– Peace and stability (war/conflict is not sustainable)– Wide-scale participation– Socio-economic justice
Ultimately it will also require– Some degree of population and migration control– Much more effective use of resources– A fundamentally different value/economic/ development
system
LEM has significant role to play.
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LEM & Conflict
• Mutual environmental concerns MAY be used to build “bridges” and end conflict.
• At local levels, good environmental management can be used to avoid tension and conflict.
But…
• Environmental management cannot work well in conflict situations – locally, regionally, nationally, internationally.
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LEM & Poverty Alleviation
Poverty is more than lack of moneyLocal Environmental Management is about:• Awareness creation and empowerment; • Finding solutions to environmental issues that also lead
to….– Better incomes – Improved living standards, better homes, water &
sanitation, indoor & outdoor environment;– Improved health
• Doing more with very little – effectiveness & efficiency;• Reuse and recycle – the poor are experts!
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
The Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1; it is sometimes multiplied by 100 to range between 0 and 100. A low Gini coefficient indicates a more equal distribution, with 0 corresponding to complete equality, while higher Gini coefficients indicate more unequal distribution, with 1 corresponding to complete inequality.
To be validly computed, no negative goods can be distributed. Thus, if the Gini coefficient is being used to describe household income inequality, then no household can have a negative income. When used as a measure of income inequality, the most unequal society will be one in which a single person receives 100% of the total income and the remaining people receive none (G=1); and the most equal society will be one in which every person receives the same percentage of the total income (G=0).
GINI COEFFICIENT
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
Poverty-Conflict-Environment
POVERTY
CONFLICT
ENVIRONMENT
This applies regionally,
nationally, and locally!
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LEM and Gender
Direct and indirect differences due to gender:
• Values & attitudes towards living/natural environment;
• Interactions with, & experience of, the local environment;
• Participation in identifying issues, determining priorities;
• Actual/potential ability to effect change (decision-making);
• Impacts of change are different.
• Cultural, social, and religious factors;
• Institutional and organisational factors;
• Economic factors.
LEM must mobilise the positive features of both genders!
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LEM & Democracy
Democracy is about empowering the people:• Voicing aspirations, goals and priorities;• Identifying issues, concerns;• Alerting authorities to system failures, dangers, shortfalls;• Participating in policy and decision-making;• Participating in implementation, monitoring, evaluation.
Democracy in LEM means mobilising people, enabling them to pursue legitimate & sustainable environmental goals.
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2010 AFRICA
LEM & Good Governance
Good governance is about:• Service mindedness, rapid response to public needs;• Transparency, as tool to reduce corruption;• Openness and two way information flows;• Building trust between parties – LA, business, civic society
Requires:• Willingness and intention to continuously improve;• Monitoring & evaluation for betterment, not for blame.
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