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LISFRANC INJURIES: FUSION
John Ketz,M.D.CSFS Tampa 2018
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ORIF FUSION
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Introduction
Uncommon Injuries
Highly Variable Injuries Trauma Sports
Associated with other injuries
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Introduction
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Introduction
• “ I always do ORIF, and then I take out my screws
• “ I always do ORIF, but I leave my screws in”
• “I always fuse”
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Impact of Injury
• It’s a Lisfranc until proven otherwise
• Diagnosis is missed or delayed in up to 20% of cases
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Impact of Injury
Diagnosis is missed or delayed in up to 20% of cases
Litigation
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• Weight Bearing
• Contralateral views
• Stress
• CT/MRI
Imaging of Lisfranc Injuries
NWB WB
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Operative Treatment
OptionsORIF
Primary Arthrodesis
Percutaneous pinning/screws
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Results of ORIF Outcomes Fair Rapid progression of arthrosis Need for further procedures
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Results of ORIF Good to Fair Results
Most Important Parameter was Anatomic Reduction
Arntz et al. JBJS 1988
Kuo et al. JBJS 2000
Rajapakse et al. Injury 2006Teng et al. FAI 2002
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Rationale for Fusion
Kuo et al JBJS am 2000 Worse outcomes in primarily ligamentous injuries
Komenda et al JBJS am 1996 Significant improvement after midfoot arthrodesis for
PTOA
Sangeorzan et al FAI 1990 Improved results with early fusion for PTOA midfoot
Granberry Surg Gyn Obs 1962 Noted high incidence of PTOA post Lisfranc injury Recommended primary fusion
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Rationale for Fusion
Medial column of the midfoot functions rigidly during gait for stablility
Lateral column (4th, 5th mts-cuboid) is the mobile midfoot segment
One operation, one recovery period
Eliminates need for hardware removal
Fusion is more forgiving
Fusion is not time sensitive
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Osseous Stabilizing Structures
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Operative Technique
• Where to start?• Medial to lateral
• Lateral to medial
• Least to most comminuted
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Case – 50 yo M fall from roofSubstance abuse, Hepatitis C, Bipolar disorder, smoker
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Closed Reduction
Urgent if tenting the skin
Can be blocked by tendons, ligaments, bone
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Case
Operative Procedure?
1. ORIF
2. Primary Fusion
3. PT/Conservative care
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Operative Technique Incisions
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Case
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Case
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Case
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Operative Technique
Reduction/Temporary Fixation
Remove pins and debride one joint at a time
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DO NOT fuse in situ!
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Operative Technique Internal Fixation
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Operative Technique
Internal Fixation
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Case
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Case – 11 months
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Case – >4 yrs
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Hardware
What to use? Screws 3.5mm or 4.0mm cortical
Cannulated screws
Spanning Plates comminution
Suture Bridge?
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Hardware Screws
Fusion with Plates
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• Pin 4th and 5th if unstable, don’t fuse
Lateral Column
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Case – 17 yo M s/p twisting injury
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Case
CT at 2wks
WBAT
MRI at 8 wks
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Case – 9wks
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Case – 4 mo postop
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Post-Op
NWB Short leg cast X 6 weeks
Remove K wires at 4 weeks
Boot, gradual WB starting at 8-10 weeks
PT or HEP
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Primary Arthrodesis(PA) vs ORIF
Mulier et al FAI 2002 Advocated for partial primary arthrodesis for medial
column
Ly & Coetzee JBJS 2006
Randomized prospective study, improved results in PA vs ORIF for ligamentous injuries
Henning et al FAI 2009
Less secondary procedures and trends towards better outcomes in PA vs ORIF
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Complications Pain/neuritis
Wound Problems Should be less than ORIF
Post-Traumatic Arthritis? – NO!
Nonunion
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Fuse Everyone?
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My Experience
Low Energy
Young
Agility Athletes
ORIF PRIMARY FUSION
Chronic
High Energy
Older, Low Demand
BMI Champions
Work Comp
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Benefits of Primary Fusion
1. Avoids late arthrosis
2. Avoids need for removal of hardware
3. One surgery, one recovery period
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Summary
Complex Injuries with potential for poor outcomes
Do not miss subtle injuries
Listen to the soft tissues
Goal of fixation Stable plantigrade foot
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Thank You
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Case – 43 yo M s/p twisting injury
Happened 6 wks ago doing a tough mudder
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Case
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Case
Operative Procedure?
1. ORIF
2. Primary Fusion
3. PT/Conservative care
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Case – 5mo
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Case Deformity
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