Linked Open Data in Digital HumanitiesChristian Morbidoni <[email protected]>
thanks to Michele Barbera for the slides :-)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 Italy
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MissionNet7
Scientific knowledge
Business dataCultural
Heritage
Make knowledge more usable and accessible by applying
Semantic Web technologies.
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From the Cathedral to the Bazar
PhilosophyWe use and promote
Open Source and Free Software
We support Open Access to scientific knowledge and cultural heritage
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LocationKnowledge and innovation area
4 Universities & research Institutions:
- Università di Pisa- Scuola Normale Superiore- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna- CNR
2 Science Parks:
- Polo Tecnologico di Navacchio- Pontech
Consorzio Apice:
- 25 High-Tech SMEs- Turn-around:10 Meur- Operators: 250
~1000 High-Tech SMEs
>7000 knowledge workers
The province of Pisa has ~ 380.000 Inhabitants
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2002Riccardo - 28Federico - 27Michele - 23 Alessio - 29 Simone - 27Roan - 28 Armando - 28
History
Founded by 7 people: 3 computer scientists, 1 historian, 2 physicists, 1 film directorLABS: Pisa, Tuscany
Capital: 4k eur
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2010now
Investement in (own) Research & Innovation in 2009: 45%LABS in 2010: Pisa, Tuscany - Lecce, Puglia
Michele - 29 Federico - 33 Riccardo - 34 Alessio - 35 Luca - 38 Nicola - 32 Daniel - 32Evelyne - 39
Matteo - 46Enrico - 45 Giovanni - 26 Romeo - 26 Simone - 27
Danilo - 32
Massimiliano - 28Massimiliano - 32 Marco - 33Adrian - 38
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Some Clients & Partners
Italy- Tuscany Region- Province of Pisa- Municipality of Milan- Scuola Normale Superiore- University of Pisa- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna- University of Bologna- University of Bergamo- Cilea- UNICREDIT- Intesa Sanpaolo Spa- Connexia Spa
France- INRIA- CNRS- Université Paris-Nord 13- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme
Poland- Knowledgehives Ltd
Cyprus- Cyprus Institute
Ireland- Trinity College Dublin- Digital Enterprise Research Institute- IBM
UK- Oxford Internet Institute- De Montfort University- In2 Ltd.- King’s college London
Germany- Universität München- Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Norway- University of Bergen- AKSIS
Belgium- Id Consulting
Cultural Heritage
Knowledge Management
Document Management
eGovernment
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Researchers are not any more only in the academia*
* See also recent speeches of EU Commissioner M. Quinn and Europe 2020 strategy
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Wikinomics and the Era of Openness: European Innovation at a Crossroads
e-brief published by the Lisbon Council
...the primary difference between the old and new [innovation] system can perhaps best be captured by a single concept of profound ramifications: openness.
This openness stands in stark contrast to the closed innovation systems of the past – systems that produced new products in remote, closed-off laboratories; systems in which intellectual property was never shared but fiercely guarded with the help of patents; systems which were built on incremental, even slow and predictable change. Today, even traditional “brick-and-mortar” industries are opening up their innovation processes, sometimes even sharing their intellectual property and releasing patents. Consumers and users are no longer passive recipients of products that companies produce but are co-creators and valuable sources of intelligence and new ideas. [...]
Europe is already an active contributor and enthusiastic participant in this new, open era of innovation [driven by] the brilliance of collaborative communities [...] In many ways, what we are witnessing is nothing short of the “democratisation” of innovation, empowering millions of people [...] It holds huge potential for citizens, consumers, companies and governments alike, and it must be urgently recognised as a profound and lasting paradigm shift that effects not only the private sector but also society at large.
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in our fancy websites with TEI-aware, user-adaptive, context-sensitive, whatever
search engines
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people (and the next generations) to freely re-use, re-think, re-mix the knowledge we encoded into machines
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Internet users
in Europe:402.380.474 (~50%)
in the world:1.668.870.408
average growth from 2000 to 2009:362.3%
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semantics is hidden, only humans (and not all of them) can extract it from documents
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we explicitly say to machines what we are talking about
... and we keep it simple...
... and we use simple, structured language that they can understand.
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this is what the Semantic Web (and Linked Data, and the Web of Data) is all about.
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DONATELLO FLORENCEis from
BRUNELLESCHI
worked with
made
is a
Marble StatueMuseo Nazionale del Bargello
is exposed in
DAVID
FROM wikipedia
FROM the museum web site
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Linking ?
The Web is great because it is so simple to jump from a web page to the others
With the Semantic Web it should be easy to jump from a database to an other:
Image separated clouds of data that are ready to interoperate with each other ...
as if it was a unique world wide database
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Web of Documents vs. Web of Data
Presentation Layer
Data representation layer
Hyperlinks
?
RDF Data RDF Data RDF Data RDF Data
???
semantically defined relations ???
Web Infrastructure
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Web of Documents
Web of Data
Social Web
Web 1.0
Web 2.0
Web 3.0
Hidden semantics, no access to data
Hidden semantics, partial access to data,1-to-1 Interoperability
Explicit semantics, full access to data, global Interoperability
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An important consideration
The Semantic Web is not a magic thing
It doesn’t necessarily mean artificial intelligence
It aims at better structuring knowledge so that:
Independently produced knowledge can be more easily merged
Applications can be smarter in collecting, managing and presenting knowledge
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after TBL call for “Raw data now!” on TED in 2009there has been a huge growth of LOD
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to let them do research, develop applications and mash-ups, play, do business...
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just a couple of examples
freebase.com
data.gov.uk
geonames.org+
http://www.where-can-i-live.com/londonproperty
http://www.wheredoesmymoneygo.org/
http://www.we-love-the.net/FreeInfluencer/
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MurucaSet of tools (not an out-of-the box product) to build research platforms and digital libraries in the Linked
Data Cloud
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Muruca
Led by Net7 with University of Ancona, DERI Galway and other contributors
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Muruca‣Talia + SwickyNotes (to be merged soon)
‣IIPImage + IIPImageAnnotator
‣Linked Data recommender & search
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SWikyNotes
SemanticAnnotations
Import orrun-time mashup
XHTML
RDF(S)
Navigation based on contextual semantic information
- +
Talia based Web Site
Site Ontology
http://www.example.com/ex1.html
Talia & SWickyNotes
• SwickyNote users add semantic annotations to web pages or to zones of the page• e.g. this phrase (fragment) contradicts that other one; this page mentions a
moecule; this word is a place.• Semantic annotations are published into Talia• Talia uses semantic annotation to enrich the browsing and searching experience of its
users.
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Talia & SWickyNotesPuccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
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Talia & SWickyNotesPuccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
stable URLhttp://taliaexample.com/puccini/xpointer(id(‘123’))
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Talia & SWickyNotesPuccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
stable URLhttp://taliaexample.com/puccini/xpointer(id(‘123’))
Puccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
Stable URLhttp://piccini-source/sources/Bio/xpointer(id('123'))
Example:
http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio#xpointer(id('123'))
http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio
"This is partially true because...."
comment
part of
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Talia & SWickyNotesPuccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
RDF/XML
This is partially true because most recente research found ou that Puccini bla bla bla...
Puccini Source
Text
http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio
Semantic enrichment in practice
Stable URLhttp://piccini-source/sources/Bio/xpointer(id('123'))
Example:
http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio#xpointer(id('123'))
http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio
"This is partially true because...."
comment
part of
?
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approach
example.com/mymanuscript/
example.com/shape1
example.com/shape2
example.com/shape3
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example.com/shape1
example.com/shape2
onto:belongs_to
onto:belongs_toonto:belongs_to
onto:c
oordin
ates
example.com/svgfile.xml
example.com/mymanuscript/
example.com/shape3
http://example.com/myImageAnnotations.rdf
example.com/shape654/
???
example.com/textFragment39847/
??? ???
another.com/pagex/
example.com/concepts/democracy
???
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web
• browser application
• editor and viewer versions
• embeddable and scriptable
• viewer based on OpenZoom
• based on multiple technologies on the server side (see next slides)
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links
• link shapes (URIs) to everything (URIs)
• other images
• shapes in other images
• Ascii text
• non TEI xml
• webpages
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stand-off
• anchors are stand-off
• coordinates are stand-off
• links are stand-off (instances of ontology properties)
• targets are stand-off (anything has a URI)
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base layers
• shapes on server side- gigabyte images
• shape on normal flat images
• shapes on tiled pyramidal GIS maps
• shapes on multispectral pyramidal images
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