Life Span
Healthy Lifestyle
Defining Development
• The science of human development…
• Seeks to understand how and why people change over time.
Life Expectancy
• “The average number of years a person is expected to live”
Why do some people live longer than other?
• Nature • Nurture
Which of the following is an example of nature influencing life
expectancy?A.The mother smoked while pregnant
with the childB.Social-economical statusC. The year of birthD.X-Y chromosome anomaly
The Life-Span Perspective
• Multidirectional http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cphgANTK0LA
• Multicontextual• Multicultural• Multidisciplinary• Plasticity
Life expectancy
1850 1890 1920 1950 1970 1990 201138.3 42.5 56.3 66.3 67.9 72.7 78.4
Why?
• Why is life expectancy going up?
History of Health Care
• Early Civilization• 1st med schools–Greece–600 B.C.–Hippocrates• “The Father of western medicine”
• Edward Jenner–Father of
immunology–Smallpox
vaccine
• 1749 - 1823
Bacteriology
• Louis Pasteur–Germ theory–Vaccine
advancement
• 1822 - 1895
Bacteriology
• Joseph Lister–Father of
Antiseptic Surgery–Hand-washing
• 1827-1912
Bacteriology
• Robert Koch–Founder of modern
bacteriology–1st “Magic-bullets”–Staining
• 1843 - 1910
• Alexander Fleming–Discovered Penicillin
• 1881- 1955
Antibiotics
• When was penicillin first available as a prescription drug?
A. 1868B. 1927C. 1928D. 1939E. 1943
What was the first vaccine available?
A. Small poxB. PertussisC. DiphtheriaD. TetanusE. Polio
What was the first vaccine available?
A. Small pox (1796)B. Pertussis (1904)C. Diphtheria (1926)D. Tetanus (1938)E. Polio (1955)
1948 = DPT
• Measles (1963)• Mumps (1967)• Rubella (1969)– MMR (1971)
• Hepatitis B (1981)• Hib (1985)• Chickenpox (1996)• HPV (2006)
• What happened to the small pox vaccine?
• D/C 1971– eradicated
Nursing Role
• Florence Nightingale• Clara Barton• Dorothea Dix• Lillian Wald
Why?
• Why is the USA not number 1?
Violence plays role in lower U.S. life expectancy• Denver Post• The Associated Press: 09 January 2013• WASHINGTON — The United States suffers far
more violent deaths than any other wealthy nation, due in part to the widespread possession of firearms and the practice of storing them at home in a place that is often unlocked, according to a report released Wednesday by two of the nation's leading health research institutions.
Does “old age” = HEALTH?
Health
“A state of complete physical, mental and social (spiritual) well-
being, not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”
Holistic Health
LIFE
Physical
Spiritual
Mental
Social
Health – Illness continuum
Health Promotion
Empowerment
Small Group Questions
• Define health, holistic & life expectancy.• Describe in general that history of health
care.• Define nature vs. nurture• How have the following people
influenced health care? Hippocrates, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Fleming
Healthy Lifestyle
Nutrition
• Malnutrition– Poor dietary practice
due to lack of nutrients
• Nutritious Diet – Carbohydrates– Amino acids– Vitamins– Minerals
Chemical Avoidance
• Alcohol
Chemical Avoidance:
• Caffeine
Exercise
• 30 min/day
Stress reduction
Stress
• “Anything that upsets our psychological or physiological equilibrium”
Stress Fight or Flight
Stress Adrenal Gland
Adrenalin & Cortisol
Fight Or
Flight Response
General Symptoms of Stress
• Respiratory rate–h
• Blood shunted from–GI
• Blood directed to–Muscles
General Symptoms of Stress
• Pupils–Dilate
• Pain perception–i
• Heart rate–h
Responses to stress
• Physiological• Emotional• Intellectual
General Adaptation Syndrome
1.Alarm Stage2.State of
resistance3.State of
exhaustion
• Hans Selye
Anxiety
• “Multisystem response to a stressful situation”
Levels of Anxiety
• Mild• Moderate• Severe• Panic
Stress Health
• SRRS–Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Stress Reduction Techniques
1. Meditate2. Imaging3. Breath deeply4. Focus on NOW5. Show some love
1. Massage2. Take a time out8. Music9. Attitude break
Disease prevention
• Primary–Before disease
• Secondary–Diagnosis
• Tertiary–Rehabilitation
Mental Health
• Adjust • Cope• Contribute• Realistic• Fluctuates
Emotional Maturity
• When individuals are able to control their responses and can express their emotions in socially appropriate ways.
Small Group Questions
• List 5 healthy lifestyle practices.• What are Hans Selye’s 3 stages of stress?
Describe each stage• What is Anxiety? • How can you reduce or manage stress? • What are the levels of disease prevention?
Give an example of each level.
In GAS, what is the second stage?
A.AlarmB.ResistanceC. ExhaustionD.Adrenaline E. Adaptation
Homework
• Read–Key words–Learning objectives–Review questions
• Lecture notes
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