I. Aldehydes• Aldehyde – an organic compound that contains
a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain.
• General Formula:
• Rule Changes1.Parent chain contains carbonyl group.2.Carbonyl group is #1.3.Name parent chain, ending with –al.4.Name and number any branches.
II. Ketones• Ketone – an organic compound that contains a
carbonyl group (C=O) in the middle of a carbon chain.
• General Formula:
• Rule Changes1.Parent chain contains carbonyl group.2.Name parent chain, ending with –anone.3.Number the carbonyl group.4.Name and number any branches.
III. Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic acid – an organic acid that contains
a terminal carboxyl group. Like a cross between an aldehyde and an alcohol.
• General Formula:
• Rule Changes1.End parent name with –anoic acid.
IV. Esters• Ester– a carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen
from the hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkylgroup. Like a cross between a ketone and an ether.
• General Formula:
• Rule Changes1.The parent chain contains the carbonyl group
(C=O).2.End parent name with –anoate.3.R’ group is named as a branch, ending in –yl.
IV. Esters• Esterification:• Reactants: Carboxylic acid and alcohol• Products: Ester and water• Just heat them up together!
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