History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
Modernism
LECTURE 6
Nipesh P Narayanan
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
19th & 20th CENTURY - THE ERA OF – INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION & WAR
• 1850 to 1877 – Population of Paris doubled
• Industrialization led Urbanization and massive building exercise
• New materials for building
• World War I (1914-18) & World War II (1939-45)
• World War II and End of Colonialism
• New Typologies – Railway Station, Department Store, Office, Apartment towers, Factories, Dams and Airports…
• New Clients – Municipalities, cooperatives, institutions, social groups…
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
ÉDOUARD MANET OLYMPIA
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File
:Edo
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_Man
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1863
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHARLES BAUDELAIRE PARIS SPLEEN
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1869
“The crowd is not only the newest asylum of outlaws; it is also the latest narcotic of those abandoned. The flaneur is someone abandoned in the crowd. In this he shares the situation of the commodity. He is not aware of this special situation, but this does not diminish its effect on him and it permeates him blissfully like a narcotic that can compensate him for many humiliations. The intoxication to which the flaneur surrenders is the intoxication of the commodity around which surges the stream of customers”
~ Walter Benjamin
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE LE PONT DE L'EUROPE
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The Europe Bridge (1876)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CLAUDE MONET MEN UNLOADING COAL
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1875
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CLAUDE MONET SAINT LAZARE TRAIN STATION
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1877
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GEORGES SEURAT BATHERS IN ASNIÈRES
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1884
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND STEEL
Garabit viaduct, France, Gustave Eiffel (1882-84)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND STEEL
Forth Bridge, Scotland, Benjamin Baker (1890)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
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udito
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_Bui
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Auditorium, Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler, 1886-89
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
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Auditorium, Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler, 1886-89
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
“As long as we are used to proceeding by reasoning, as long as we have a principle, any compositional task is possible, if not easy, and follows an orderly, methodical path, the results of which, though they may not be masterpieces, are at the very lest fine, acceptable pieces of work that can have style"
~ Wugène Viollet-le-duc Lectures on Architecture, 1881.
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=lG
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pg=P
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&hl
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sig=
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IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
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Otto Wagner ‘In modern Architecture (1896)’ advocates utilitarian style, that was free of historical references & that transported the rhythms of industrial society of architecture.
1895
1903
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
"It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, of all things physical and metaphysical, of all things human and all things superhuman, of all true manifestations of the head, of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law.“
~ Louis Sullivan (1896). "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered"
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
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1_So
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
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[ON
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Rue Franklin Apartments, Paris, Auguste Perret (1902-04)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Dom-ino House, Concept, Le Corbusier (1914-15)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Lycée Camille Sée, Paris, François Le Coeur (1933-34)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
• Long Distance Travel
• Telegraph
• Increasingly accurate reproduction of Photographs (Beginning 1820s)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
Crystal Palace, Photo: François Emile Zola, 1898
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
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1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California,"
Emile Bénard won but John Galen Howard built
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
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[ON
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The 1912 Competition to Design Canberra
Walter Burley Griffin won the competition
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
PETER BEHRENS AEG TURBINE FACTORY
1908-09
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
PETER BEHRENS
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Le Corbusier
Walter Gropius
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
THE NEW OBJECTIVISM AND THE WEIMAR GERMANY
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1904-05
Hermann Muthesius
Deutscher Werkbund (German Association of Craftsmen)
Bauhaus
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GERMAN WERKBUND AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOCIAL REFORM
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Karl Marx-Hof, Karl Ehn, Vienna, 1927-30
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GERMAN WERKBUND AND THE 1914 COLOGNE EXHIBITION
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[ON
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Glass Pavilion , Bruno Julius Florian Taut, 1914
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
THE NEW OBJECTIVISM AND THE 1914 COLOGNE EXHIBITION
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Model Factory, Walter Gropius & Adolf Meyer, 1914
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
BAUHAUS
1919 to 1933
• Weimar - 1919 to 1925, • Dessau - 1925 to 1932 • Berlin - 1932 to 1933
Walter Gropius - 1919 to 1928, Hannes Meyer - 1928 to 1930
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe - 1930 until 1933
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL & DECORATIVE ARTS
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 1925
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L'Esprit Nouveau Pavilion, Le Corbusier, 1925
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 1925
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USSR Pavilion, Konstantin Melnikov, 1925
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
VIRGINIA WOOLF TO THE LIGHTHOUSE
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1927
"Yes, of course, if it's fine tomorrow," said Mrs Ramsay. "But you'll have to be up with the lark," she added. To her son these words conveyed an extraordinary joy, as if it were settled, the expedition were bound to take place, and the wonder to which he had looked forward, for years and years it seemed, was, after a night's darkness and a day's sail, within touch. Since he belonged, even at the age of six, to that great clan which cannot keep this feeling separate from that, but must let future prospects, with their joys and sorrows, cloud what is actually at hand, since to such people even in earliest childhood any turn in the wheel of sensation has the power to crystallise and transfix the moment upon which its gloom or radiance rests, James Ramsay, sitting on the floor cutting out pictures from the illustrated catalogue of the Army and Navy stores, endowed the picture of a refrigerator, as his mother spoke, with heavenly bliss. It was fringed with joy.”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CIAM CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHITECTURE MODERNE – 1928-59
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER 5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE
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•Pilotis
•Roof gardens
•The free designing of the ground plan
•The free design of façade
•The horizontal window
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
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Paris , 1928-31
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
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[ON
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Paris , 1928-31
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
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/site
/cac
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/b_7
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_0_0
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mag
es_s
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s_us
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Mar
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hiar
a_Vi
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avoy
e_vi
lla_s
avoy
e_2d
_zoo
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Paris , 1928-31
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER CAPITAL COMPLEX
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alac
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Chandigarh , 1950s
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER CAPITAL COMPLEX
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_200
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Chandigarh , 1950s
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER’s PARIS MODERNISM AND UTOPIA
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-14-
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1925
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
WALTER GROPIUS BAUHAUS
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/wik
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auha
us.JP
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Dessau, 1925-26
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
WALTER GROPIUS BAUHAUS
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/wik
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auha
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Dessau, 1925-26
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
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he_B
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_Pav
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,_Ba
rcel
ona,
_201
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Barcelona , 1929
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
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arce
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_mie
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d_ro
he_p
avill
on_w
elta
usst
ellu
ng19
99_0
3.jp
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Barcelona , 1929
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
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/wik
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avel
l%C3
%B3
_Mie
s_05
.JPG
[ON
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Barcelona , 1929
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
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/201
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/mie
s_va
n_de
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he_s
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am_b
uild
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chic
ago2
_jpg
.jpg
[ON
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Less is more, New York , 1958
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
Imag
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law
.com
/wp-
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/02/
seag
ram
1-80
0.jp
g [O
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New York , 1958
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
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New York , 1958
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
"God is dead“~ Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882
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