7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
1/31
VFR FLIGHT
Rules
References
Operational Considerations Simulator View
Ground Ref. Maneuvers
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
2/31
Still remember the Traffic Pattern?
Upwind Crosswind Downwind (1000ft)
Base - Final
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
3/31
VFR flying
Where we are and our DESINATION
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
4/31
Visual Flying Rules- Clear of cloud
- In sight of the ground and sea
- Have other aeroplane in sight
- Avoid collision with other planes or terrain- Not at night (CARS 94)
SummaryYOU TAKE CARE OF YOUR SEPARATION
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
5/31
VFR Weather Minima
1. General
Visibility 5 km and cloud ceiling of not less
than 3000ft.
In Uncontrolled airspace remain clear of cloud
and in sight of surface under 3000ft.
Not at night!
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
6/31
How can I not
collide with others?
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
7/31
General Flight Rules
A/C CONVERGING FROM THE RIGHT
TRAFFIC AT THE RIGHT
HAS THE RIGHT OF WAY
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
8/31
CONVERGING
TRAFFIC AT THE RIGHT
HAS THE RIGHT OF WAY
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
9/31
General Flight Rules
A/C APPROACH HEAD-ON
EVERYONE TURNS RIGHT!
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
10/31
General Flight Rules
A/C OVERTAKING
RIGHT OF WAY
OVERTAKE FROM THE RIGHT
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
11/31
How to Read VFR Flight
Instruments
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
12/31
Instruments in the aircraft
Gives information about the airplanes flight situation
Altimeter
Attitude Indicator
Turn Coordinator
Heading Indicator
Vertical Speed Indicator Used in particularly poor visibility
i.e. clouds, or no outside visual reference points.
What ARE flight instruments?
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
13/31
Called the six pack
Layout
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
14/31
Moving around the airport
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
15/31
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
16/31
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
17/31
Movement/Non Movement Areas
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
18/31
Runway MarkingsThreshold Marking
Provides width of the runway, each stripe
represents 5m wide
So 4x5=20m, 6x5=30m, etc.
Usual measurement reported in feet.
Displaced Threshold
Can increase TORA
Landing is prohibited
Can taxi, take off.
White arrows toward the runway
Blastpad
Yellow chevrons, no movement
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
19/31
Touchdown Zone Marking [TD zone]
Two SOLID blocks of marking
A visual reference for pilots to perform
touchdown nearby the marking
Usually 1000 feet from the threshold
Runway Designation Consists of the a magnetic track of the
center-line
+-5 degrees
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
20/31
Taxiway Signage
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
21/31
Critical/Warning Signs and Runway Ind.
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
22/31
Hold Short Markings
Exit Markings
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
23/31
Hold Short Markings
h k
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
24/31
Other Markings
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
25/31
Runway Taxiway Markings
Runway Boundary Sign (Holding Point)
A reference which separate between taxiwayand Runways
The runway-side are dashed, non-runway-side
are solid
ILS Critical Area Boundary Sign
A line reference which notify the traffic is
crossing the ILS gild slope path and maycause ILS signal distortion for Approaching
traffics.
May also serve as Runway Boundary Sign for
ILS CAI II / III runway.
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
26/31
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
27/31
Closed Runway The 'X' Indicates that the taxiway/runway
is not in service.
However runway with the X sign can
also considered as taxiway.
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
28/31
Taxiways MarkingTaxiway markings
Taxiway center-line
Solid yellow
Taxiway edge Double dash yellow
o Allowed to cross
Double solid yellow
o Not allowed to cross
Vehicle Roadway Markings
Mainly for ground crew
Roadway center-line
Dash white
Roadway edge
Solid or zipper stylewhite (same usage)
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
29/31
Visual Approach Slope Indicator PAPI
Precision Approach Path Indicator
PAPI Consist of four lights visible from distance
Color pattern changes as aircraft's glide angle
from touchdown zone
The steepness of the glide path should
be usually 3
For visual reference, doesnot coincide with ILS during final
What is a glide path?
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
30/31
Runway Lighting
Glide Slope
PAPI (Red and White)
Runway Centerline (White, with Red at the end)
Runway Edge (White, with Yellow at the end)
Threshold (Green bar)
Approach Lighting System (Varies)
7/28/2019 Lec 15.4.13
31/31
Taxiway Lighting
Runway end
Taxiway Centerline (Green)
Taxiway Edge (Blue)
Intersecting taxiways
Top Related