LeadershipLeadership
Lecture # 17
Pete Rose on Leadership:Pete Rose on Leadership:
Some players you pat their butts, some you kick their butts, some players you leave alone.
PowerPower
Position Power
Personal Power
Position PowerPosition Power
Legitimate (Traditional) Power
Position PowerPosition Power
Reward Power
Position PowerPosition Power
Coercive Power
Position PowerPosition Power
Whatever the organization giveth, the organization can take away
Personal PowerPersonal Power
Expert PowerKnowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA)
Personal PowerPersonal Power
Referent Power (Charisma)
Personal PowerPersonal Power
Referent Power (Charisma)
Personal PowerPersonal Power
You are the locus of this power, not your position
You can take this power with you to other organizations
LeadershipLeadership
Why do some people make better leaders than others?
Why is it helpful to organizations to identify leaders early?
The Quest for Leadership Qualities…The Quest for Leadership Qualities…
Three Approaches to Studying LeadershipThree Approaches to Studying Leadership
Trait Approach
Behavioral Approach
Situational Approach
Trait ApproachTrait Approach
Aka the Great Man approach
looking for the Born Leader
What Characteristics do Leaders Possess?What Characteristics do Leaders Possess?
Intelligence (Knowledgeable)
Self-Confidence
Extroverted
Good Communicators
But, these traits can be learnedBut, these traits can be learned
For example, as one’s communication skill (a learned trait in itself) improves, one becomes more self-confident
Continuing the QuestContinuing the Quest
Perhaps it’s not who a person is, but what a person does that matters…
Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach
Two dimensions of leader behavior were identified in multiple studies:
Task Orientation – Get the Job Done
Employee Orientation – Openness and friendliness of leader, concern for subordinates
Blake & Mouton GridBlake & Mouton Grid
Included the two dimensions of leader behavior
Identified 5 distinguishable styles of leadership
1,9 9,9
5,5
1,1 9,1
5 Leadership Styles5 Leadership Styles
1,1 Impoverished or Laissez-Faire 5,5 Middle of the Road or Organization Man 1,9 Country Club 9,1 Authoritarian or Task 9,9 Team or Democratic
Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach
Seems to have answered which is the best style in general, but raises other questions, including:
What style works best in particular situations?
Situational or Contingency ApproachSituational or Contingency Approach
In what situations does a particular style work more effectively?
How do you identify one situation from another? What are the essential characteristics of a
situation?
Fiedler and his associatesFiedler and his associates
Developed a Contingency or Situational model of leadership
Identified four factors to consider when defining a situation
Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model
Managerial Characteristics
Subordinate Characteristics
Task Characteristics
Organizational Characteristics
Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model
Combined those four characteristics into three questions about a situation:
Leader-Member Relations: Good or Bad? Task Structure: Structured or Unstructured? Position Power of the Leader: Strong or Weak?
Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model Task Task Task Employee Employee Employee Task Task
Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model
In Very Certain situations, or Very Uncertain situations, a Task style seems to work best
In Moderately Certain situations, an Employee style seems to work best
Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model
When things are quite clear, or very chaotic, people respond well to being told what to do.
Task Orientation
When the situation is moderate, people often need to be convinced or appealed to.
Employee Orientation
Two Uses for Fiedler in OrganizationsTwo Uses for Fiedler in Organizations
Find the right place (situation) for a manager’s leadership style
Two Uses for Fiedler in OrganizationsTwo Uses for Fiedler in Organizations
Provide additional training for the manager to better match his/her situation
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