Land Use and Land Cover Change
Isaac Gerg
Land Cover & Usage Timeline History Playing Field Visible Multispectral Hyperspectral SAR
1970
1980
1990
2000
2008
2013 - VIIRS
2011 - EnMap
2009 – TanDEM-X
2008 - GeoEye-1
2008 - ARTEMIS
2007 - Worldview-1
2007 – TerraSAR-X
2007 – RADARSAT-
2 2006 – PALSAR
2006 - Kompsat-2
2004 - FORMOSAT-
2 2003 – Orbview 3
2003 – LISS-3
2002 - NEMO
2002 – MERIS
2002 - ASAR
2001 – Quickbird
2001 – Orbview-4
2001 – CHRIS
2000 – Hyperion
2000 – ALI
1999 – MODIS
1999 – MISR
1999 – Landsat-7
1999 – Kompsat-1
1999 – Ikonos
1999 – ASTER
1997 – Orbview 2
1995 – RADARSAT-
1 1995 – ATSR
1994 – SIR-C/X-SAR
1992 – JERS-1
1991 – AMI
1987 – Seasat
1986 – SPOT
1978 – AVHRR
1972 – Landsat 1
2001
2002
2003
2004
1858: First aerial pictures by French photographer and balloonist Nada over Paris, France.
1959: Explorer 6 takes first satellite image of earth. 1972: Birth of Landsat and birth of spaceborne MSI. 1972: Blue Marble from Apollo 17. 1977: KH-11 series satellites give first near real-time
imagery. 2007: Worldview-1 has current lowest commercial GSD
@ 0.5m for a satellite.
History
The Playing Field (μm) Sample MSISample HSI
Visible Wavelength SensorsSensor Launch Date GSD [m] Country
Orbview 2,3 1997, 2003 USA
Kompsat-1 1999 6 Korea
Ikonos 1999 1 USA
Quickbird 2001 0.6 USA
FORMOSAT-2 2004 2 Taiwan
Kompsat-2 2006 1 Korea
Worldview-1 2007 0.5 USA
GeoEye-1 (Orbview-5) 2008 0.41 USA
Houston, TX 10/07 via Worldview-1
Houston, TX 10/07 via Worldview-1
Utility of MSI NDVI Crop growth stage Fire detection Surface Temperature Landcover usage (NLCD) Deforestation monitoring Mineral mapping Soil Brightness Index (SBI) Green Vegetation Index (GVI)
Multispectral SensorsSensor Platform Launch Date Country
MSS, ETM+ Landsat 1-7 1972-99 USA
AVHRR NOAA POS 1978-88 USA
SPOT 1986-2002 France
ATSR ERS-2 1995 ESA
MODIS Terra, Aqua 1999, 2002 USA
ASTER Terra 1999 USA
MISR (multi-angle look) Terra 1999 USA
ALI EO-1 2000 USA
MERIS Envisat 2002 ESA
LISS-3,4 ResourceSat-1 2003 India
VIIRS NPOESS 2013 USA
Land Cover Classification
MODIS Fire Map
MODIS NDVI
Sats launched 1972-1999 7 satellites (Landsat 6 failed to reach orbit) Only 5 and 7 still functioning Multispectral (MSS) on Landsat 1-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor on Landsat 4 & 5
0.45 um – 2.35um + thermal band (10.4-12.5) Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) on Landsat 7 Landsat 1: 18 day revisit, RBV, MSS Landsat 2: 18 day revisit, RBV, MSS Landsat 3: 18 day revisit, RBV, MSS, first with thermal band Landsat 4: 16 day revisit, TM, MSS, 30m max resolution Landsat 5: TM, MSS, 16 day revisit, provide global archive of satellite
photos, TM Landsat 7 (ETM+, 16 day revisit, 15m resolution panchromatic, 60m thermal
resolution, Current, cloud free imagery) ETM+ has 8 bands including thermal
Landsat Program
Utility of HSI Material abundance maps (MAMs) Subpixel detection Automatic target recognition (ATR) Crop health Crop type
Hyperspectral SensorsSensor Platform Launch Date Country
Hyperion (220 bands) EO-1 2000 USA
CHRIS PROBA-1 2001 ESA
Orbview-4 2001 (DNO) USA
ARIES Australia
NEMO Cancelled 2002 USA
ARTEMIS (~400 bands) TacSat-3 2008 USA
EnMap 2011 Germany
Mineral Maps of Cuprite, NV
MAM from Moffett Field, CA
Utility of SAR Polarization All weather DEM Urban density Soil moisture Crop type
SAR SensorsSensor Platform Launch Date Country
Seasat 1987 USA
AMI ERS-1,2 1991, 1995 ESA
JERS-1 1992-1998 Japan
SIR-C/X-SAR Endeavor 1994 USA
RADARSAT-1,2 1995, 2007 Canada
ASAR Envisat 2002 ESA
PALSAR ALOS 2006 Japan
TerraSAR-X 2007 Germany
TanDEM-X 2009 Germany
SIR-C/X-SAR SAR Examples
Questions?
References See slide notes.
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