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What is bioinformatics?
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A marriagebetween Biology and Computers!
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What is bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the field of science in whichbiology, computer science, and informationtechnology merge into a single discipline.
Bioinformatics is the science of managing andanalyzing biological data using advancedcomputing techniques.
Bioinformatics ultimate goal, (as is described by
an expert), is to enable the discovery of newbiological insights as well as to create a globalperspective from which unifying principles inbiology can be discerned
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Computers & Bioinformatics
*+* Bio informatics is the computer-assisted data management discipline thathelps us: Gather, store, analyze, integrate
biological and genetic information (data),and represent this information efficiently.
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Computers & Bioinformatics
There are many different bioinformatics toolsavailable over the Internet free of charge towhomever wishes to use them.
There are also many commercial software
packages used in bioinformatics by researcherswho can afford it
The number of software products is growingconstantly, so that it is impossible to list, as
software developers working in the life sciences(or life scientists with software developmenttalents), are constantly updating and producinguseful new applications.
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Bioinformatics is associated typically withmassive databases of gene and proteinsequenceand structure/function informationdatabases.
New sequences, new structures or
protein/gene function that are discovered aresearched, (compared) against what isalreadyknown, (gathered), and deposited into thedatabases.
(These searches are done by remotecomputer access using variousbioinformatics tools.)
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What is done in bioinformatics?
4 Analysis and interpretation of various types ofbiological data including: nucleotide and aminoacid sequences, protein domains, and proteinstructures.
4 Development of new algorithms and statisticswith which to assess biological information, suchas relationships among members of large datasets.
Development and implementation of tools thatenable efficient access and management ofdifferent types of information, such as variousdatabases, integrated mapping information.
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What "units of information" do wedeal with in bioinformatics?
DNA Sequence Pathways
RNA Structure Interactions Protein Evolution Mutations
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Examples of biological data used inbioinformatics
DNA (Genome)
RNA (Transciptome)
Protein (Proteorne)
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DNA
Simple Sequence Analysis
Database searching
Pairwise analysis...
Regulatory Regions
Gene Finding
Whole Genome Annotations Comparative Genomics (Analyses
between Species and Strains )
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DNA
Raw DNA Sequence
Coding or Not
4 bases: AGCT
atggcaattaaaattggtatcaatggttttggtcgtatcggccgtatcgtattccgtgcagcacaacaccgtgatgacattgaagttgtaggtattaacgacttaatc
gacgttgaatacatggcttatatgttgaaatatgattcaactcacggtcgtttcgacggcactgttgaagtgaaagatggtaacttagtggttaatggtaaaactatccgtgtaactgcagaacgtgatcca
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DNA
Complete genome annotation
Comparative Oenornics (Analysesbetween Species and Strains )
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RNA
Splice Variants
Tissue specific expression
Structure
Single gene analysis (various cloningtechniques...)
Ex peri mental data involving thousands
of genes simultaneously DNA Chips, MicroArray, and Expression
Array Analyses
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Examples of biological data forbioinformatics
DMA Chips, MicroArray, and GeneExpression Data to be Analyzed
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