Seminar On Sustainable Cities-Sharing Swedish Experience24th MAY2011, PARK ROYAL HOTEL,
KUALA LUMPUR
Guideline And Framework For Green Township In Malaysia
DR. DAHLIA BINTI ROSLY
DIRECTOR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
NORLIZA HASHIM
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF
PLANNERS
Malaysian Institute of Planners
Presented by:
Federal Department of Town and
Country Planning Department
(GHG)
Industrial
Drought
Famine
Flood
Human Activities
Climate Features
Major Threats
Deforestation
CH4
N2O SeaLevel Rise
Adaptation from UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Climate Change: Processes and Threats,2005.
DISASTER
Melting of Ice
Cloud
Global
Warming
UpheavelOf Ocean
Circulation
Precipitation
Interference
Carbon
Cycle
Landuse
ChangeUrbanisation
Burning of
Fossil Fuel
Transport
AgricultureHeat
Destructionof Biodiversity
Change in Life
Style
Threat to Economy
Typhoon
Outbreakof Desease
Loss of Lives
CO2
CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESS &
EFFECTS
3
Energy
EfficiencyWater
Management
Waste
Management
Economic
Vibrancy
Green
Transportation
Environmental
Protection
Heritage
Conservation
Social
Harmony
… and towards a low carbon lifestyle
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
TOWARDS ‘GREEN PLANNING’
• Urban Environment
• Community design
• Transportation
• Infrastructure
• Buildings
DIMENSIONS FOR GREEN
DEVELOPMENT
6
International collaboration for sustainable cities and regions in the low carbon society
Knowledge and wisdom of low-carbon cities in Europe and America (Western style)
・ Low-carbon efforts in the midst of a shift toward a post-industrial and post-material society
・ High levels of eco-consciousness among citizens and companies and capabilities to coordinate diverse entities and manage cities
Challenge to build low-carbon cities in Asia (Asian style)
• Promoting low-carbon efforts interlocked with industrialization and
economic growth
• Promoting projects based on a top-down approach; capabilities to
implement policies
• Communities with capabilities to take eco-action based on experiences with
environmental pollution
Knowledge of low-carbon cities ( eg. Japan style)
・ Low-carbon packages that take advantage of technology and product development capabilities
focusing on fulfilling targets (a combination of device technologies, network technologies, and
social technologies)
・ Social governance system encompassing efforts to build eco-consciousness among citizens
and companies
6
TENTH MALAYSIAN PLAN
(1Oth MP)
Thrust 4th: Improving the Standard and Sustainability of
Quality of Life
Chapter 3 - Ensuring Effective
Sourcing
and Delivery of Energy
Chapter 6 - Developing a Climate
Resilient Growth
Strategy
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To mainstreaming climate changes through wise
management of resources and enhanced environmental conservation resulting in strengthened economic
competitiveness and improved quality of life.
NATIONAL POLICY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
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Strategic Thrust 2 : Provide Conducive Environment for Green Technology Development
Strategic Thrust 5 : Promotion and Public Awareness
EnergyEnvironment Economy Social
4 Pillars : Strategic Thrust :
9
NATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY POLICY
(NGTP)
PLANNING SUSTAINABLE GREEN
NEIGHBOUHOODS
To improve the Quality of Life of communities
through Sustainable Green Neighbourhood
approaches and design, taking into
consideration Technology, Social, Environment
and Economic Well Being of the people10
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Eco-cities and green neighbourhoods towards a low-carbon society(TECHNOLOGY PLUS LIFESTYLE CHANGES)
• Shifting from single innovations to collaborative social innovations
Technology Innovation→System Innovation or Collective Innovation
• Applying best practices to structural innovations in the social system
Single advanced environmental technology(e.g. wind power generation)
Single advanced environmental technology(e.g. photovoltaic power generation)
Single advanced environmental technology
Single environmental technology innovations
Mid- and long-term low-carbon targets
Collaborative innovations to bring technologies together
Community-based innovations (cities and districts)
Planning and Design Guides for Social innovations in low
carbon/green neighbourhoods cities and districts
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
• Prepare Planning Guidelines;
• Initiate the sustainable development
concept into spatial planning;
• Provide guidance on how to use
guidelines to local authorities, state
authority, and developer
• Up to 9th MP, 41 Planning Guidelines were
established and being reviewed;
• 21 Planning Guidelines are expected to be
finalise by 2011;
• 5 new Planning Guidelines are under the
process of preparation.
Planning Guidelines
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
The Purpose of Planning Guidelinei. As a basis for the state government to formulate policies and regulations to
promote green neighbourhood development in respective states;
ii. To assist Local Authorities to recognize whether a specific development is
a conventional one or green neighbourhood development; and
iii. Provide design guidance for developers/players when planning a green
neighbourhood.
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Definition of Neighbourhood
A neighbourhood is a geographically
localised community within a larger city,
town or suburb.
Neighbourhoods are often social
communities with considerable face-to-
face interaction among members.
It is a basic module for townships, can be
based on size, function or threshold with
shared amenities.
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Definition of Green Neighbourhood
Protection and consumption of natural resources;
Application of green technology; and
recycling;
that seeks to preserve the environment, reduce the
ecological footprint, reduce the production of carbon
emission, improving of public health, safety as well as
general welfare of city dwellers.
Neighbourhood area is planned and designed in an
integrated manner with the priority given to -
16
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Comparison between Of Conventional Neighbourhood And
Green Neighbourhood
Conventional Neighbourhood Green Neighbourhood
Building, infrastructure and utilities development of are not environmentalfriendly.
Apply green approaches in buildings, infrastructure, utility and built environment as a whole.
Wasteful use of resources and over-dependence on natural resources.
Practice efficient management of resource.
Private transport oriented. Public transportation system are not integrated.
Lifestyle: private automobile oriented and making multi trips
Transit oriented development with integration of multiple transportation mode, supported by variety of facilities.
Lifestyle that reduces making unnecessary trips, promotes walkability, narrower/skinnier streets.
Priority given to greenfield development, encouraging sprawl.
Priority given to brownfield/infill site to conserve land and energy resources.
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Scope of the Guidelines
The Planning Guideline
is applicable to –
new development;
existing development
through retro-fitting and
adaptation; and
Redevelopment projects.
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Contents of the Guideline
Definition of Green Neighbourhood
Scope of the Guidelines
Planning Principles
General Guidelines of Green
Neighbourhood
Specific Guidelines of Green
Neighbourhood
Implementation Framework
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Planning Principles
IN TANDEM WITH THE TOTAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DOCTRINE 1997
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
CLEANLINESS AND BEAUTY
PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCES
ECONOMIC AND EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
IN TANDEM WITH THE TOTAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DOCTRIN 1997
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS FELLOW MAN
PEACE AND SECURITY
UNITY
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT COOPERATION AND MUTUAL RESPECT
Planning Principles
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
- Interpretation -
PLANNING PRINCIPLES
i. Priority given to sustainability and environment of aspect;
ii. Creating sustainable communities living in harmony, heathly and interact with each other;
iii. Create high accessibility environment;
iv. Comfortable human scale neighbourhoods design;
22
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
vi. Containing the features of afforable housing;
vii. Provide Green Infrastructure/ “greenfrastructure”;
viii. energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE).
continued….
- Interpretation -
PLANNING PRINCIPLES
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
General Guidelines
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
General Guidelines
i. Site Selection and site planning
ii. Application of green technology in building
development
iii. Walkability and Connectivity
iv. Green network
v. Safe neighbourhood
vi. Short distance to transit
vii. Green Infrastructure (Greenfrastructure)
viii. Mixed-use development
ix. High density
x. Green community network
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
i. Site Selection and Site Planning
Avoid ESAs;
Priority given to brownfield/Infill development;
Connect existing street network with the adjacent
network; and
Integrated infrastructure.
continued….
General Guidelines
26
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
ii. Application of green technology
in building development
Comply to international and
national assessment criterias for
green building
General Guidelines
27
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
iii. Walkability and Connectivity
Pedestrian network is interconnected
and accessible to all amenities and
services.
Apply Universal Design/Barrier-free
Design
Destination and amenities are within
walking distance
General Guidelines
28
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
iv. Green Network
Planting strips and street
trees.
Connecting the natural
habitat and waterway with
landscape or garden.
Neighbourhood farming
plot
Home ‘green plots’
continued….
General Guidelines
29
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
v. Safe Neighbourhood
Incorporate Crime
Prevention Through
Environmental
Design (CPTED)
when planning and
designing a green
neighbourhood
continued….
General Guidelines
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
vi. Short distance to transit
Rapid, convenient and efficient transit service.
continued….
General Guidelines
31
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
vii. Providing Green Infrastructure
Provision of green infrastructure
through application of
technology or using natural
methods.
continued….
General Guidelines
32
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
viii. Mixed-use Development
Diverse landuse.
Mixed use/ multiuse
building.
Diversity of activities.
Continued….
General Guidelines
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
ix. High density development
Higher density are located in,
adjacent to or within close
proximity to the core area.
Lower density are generally
are located at the edge of the
neighbourhood.
Density is crucial in supporting
public transportation and as a
threshold to support
community facilities.
Continued….
General Guidelines
34
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
x. Green Community Network
Sambungan….
General Guidelines
Community-driven
Public involvement in
neighbourhood planning
and design process through
community discourse and
social media
Good green leadership.
36
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
G r e e n N e i g h b o u r h o o d D e s i g n
37
Specific Guidelines
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
A. GREEN NEIGHBOURHOOD
DESIGN
i. Neighbourhood Size
ii. Density
iii. Composition of Mixed Land
Use
iv. Variety of Housing Types
v. Street Network
vi. Transit Services
vii. Streetscape
viii.Public Open Space
ix. Neighbourhood Centre
x. Local Food Production
SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
38
B. GREEN
INFRASTRUCTURE
i. Rainwater
Harvesting
ii. Rain Garden or Bio-
retention
iii. Roof Top Garden
iv. Permeable paver
v. On-Site Renewable
Energy
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Neighbourhood Size
Continued….
A module neighbourhood is
designed at a walkable
scale – with an at least 10
minute’s walk to main
community facilities.
Proposed a module should
not be more than 125
acres.
Green Neighbourhood Design
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Continued….
Residential densities, lot sizes and housing types may be varied, but
the average gross density of the developed area should be at least 12
units per acre (medium density).
Options/ Example of Housing Density
Medium Density
12 units semi-detached/acre;
20 units terrace/acre; and
24 units townhouse/acre.
High Density : 30 units apartment/acre.
If necessary to build Low Density
Component in development, it should
be located at periphery of
neighbourhood
6 units bungalow/acre.
Green Neighbourhood DesignNeighbourhood Density
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignComposition of Mixed Land Use
A neighbourhood module must have a
mixture of residential and non-residential
land use.
Some non-residential component to support
neighbourhood’s self-sufficiency.
Minimum 15% of floor space is for
commercial use.
The school should located at the edge of
the neighbourhood for future sharing of
facilities.
Provision of public amenities should be in
accordance with the JPBD Planning
Guideline of Public Facilities (2011).
41
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Comprises of different economic
background of communities;
Provide affordable housing;
Provide barrier free housing with
consideration of special needs as
in JPBD Universal Design
Guidelines, (2011).
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignVariety of Housing Types
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Encourage pedestrian connectivity
by providing sidewalks and alleys.
Provide route options, for efficient
internal movements and between
adjacent neighbourhoods.
Discourage cul-de-sac.
Streets are relatively narrow and
shaded by rows of trees.
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignStreet Network
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Transit oriented development
Bus stop should be located
within 5 minutes walking
distance. Transit station within
10 minutes walking distance
Transit system to be
supported by pedestrian
network and feeder services
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood Design
Transit Service
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Road capacity criteria to
align with street function
and character (e.g avenue,
boulevard, alley, parklane
etc.
Provide sidewalks.
Buildings facing streets and
street-oriented.
All buildings to be
accessible by pedestrians
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignStreetscape
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignPublic Open Space
At least a plot of open
space is provided in the
neighbourhood.
Urban Park should be
located at the edge of
neighbourhood and shared
with adjacent
neighbourhood.
Provide *10% public open
space.
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Provide discernable community
centre;
Provide design components that
can create sense of community
and sense of identity;
Provide car free zone and
encourage pedestrianization
Designed to cater for special
needs and people with
disabilities.
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignNeighbourhood Centre
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Continued….
Green Neighbourhood DesignLocal Food Production
Encourage local food
production (Community and/or
home plots)
Implement the Chief Secretary
General Circular of MHLG No. 5
2008 ”Implementation of ”Green
Earth Programme by Local
Authorities”.
48
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Specific Guidelines
G r e e n I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
49
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
B. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
i. Rainwater Harvesting
ii. Rain Garden or Bio-retention
iii. Roof Top Garden
iv. Permeable paver
v. On-Site Renewable Energy
Continued….
Specific Guidelines
50
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
2 options of rainwater harvesting
Green InfrastructureRainwater Harvesting
Cisterns
Underground/ below houses
collection system
Examples:
Rain barrels (approximately of
400 gallon water per tank)
Continued….
51
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Bio-retention dan swale
before…
after…
Green InfrastructureRain Garden or Bio-retention
Continued….
grass swale can be designed to
promote Bioretention
Comprises of 6 components -
i. Grass buffer strips
ii. Ground surface is covered by sand
iii. Ponding area
iv. Organic layer
v. Space for farming
vi. Vegetation
53
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Sambungan….
Green InfrastructureGreen Roofs and Roof Top Garden
Encourage roof top gardens
in multi-level buildings and
public buildings in the core
areas or high density
residential area (refer the
Planning Guideline for Roof
Top Garden, JPBD)
54
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Sambungan….
Green InfrastructurePermeable paver
Encourage the use of
permeable material for
pavers to reduce surface
run-off
Porous pavements for car
parks or pedestrian
walkways.
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
Sambungan….
Green Infrastructure
Installation of Solar
• Public building, street light and lamp in the public areas.
• Encourage the installation of solar in residential areas, commercial zones
and industrial zone.
Day Lighting
• Passive design of buildings allowing day lighting in the building
Use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) Lamp
• LED Lamp using solar energy.
On-Site Renewable Energy
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
for Planning Guideline
Federal Level
State Level
Local Authority Level
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
MHLG will coordinate Green Neighbourhood
development through the Green
Neighbourhoods Working Committee.
FDTCP will facilitate the implementation of
the Green Neighbourhood Planning
Guideline.
Federal Level
58
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
In the context of federal level Green Neighbourhood
Working Committee, state to expand the functions/roles
of existing committees.or
Propose to establish a new Green Neighbourhood
Committee in each of the state-
Chairman – TKSU (Pembangunan/Development)
Secretary – Director of JPBD State
SPCs should set a goal of green neighbourhood
development framework for respective states.
State Level
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Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia
IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
Local Authority
Giving priority to the application of green
neighbourhood
Establish partnership with the private sector
and NGOs for developing program/activities
and carrying out maintenance of the Green
Neighbourhood.
* „self regulation vs incentives‟
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