KOSThe microwave multifunctional
tissue processor
林臻鞠
友聯光學有限公司
[email protected] 02-26980508
2013.10.31
Microwave heating
A bit of theory
Wavelengths range from 1mm to 1m
Frequency allowed for commercial, medical and
scientific applications:
2,450 MHz (12.2 cm wavelength)
Heating is caused by
- Dipole rotation
- Ionic migration
Theory of microwave heatingTheory of microwave heating
Microwaves are not ionising radiation
Microwaves energy is largely below the energy necessary to break the bonds of common organic molecules
H-OH 5,2CH3-CH3 3,8
Hydrogen bond (water) 0,21
Chemical bond energy (eV)
Microwaves radiation (2.450 MHz) quantum energy (eV)0,0016
EnergyEnergy
Theory of microwave heatingTheory of microwave heating
Interaction of materialsInteraction of materials with microwaveswith microwaves
METALS
WATER
PTFE, PP, TPX
Reflective
Absorptive
Transparent to Microwaves
Metals
Water, alcohols
PTFE, PP, Cassette, WAX, Glass
• Transparent to Microwaves
Absorptive
Reflective
Interaction of materialsInteraction of materials with microwaveswith microwaves
Conventional HeatingConventional Heating
The temperature of the outside surface of the
vessel is in excess of the boiling point of the solution
Container is heated first thenthen the solution.
CONDUCTIVE HEATING
SOLUTIONCONVECTIVE CURRENTS
傳導性的
Microwave heatingMicrowave heating
Shorter ReactionTimes
Solution is heated firstfirst
MICROWAVE HEATING
SOLUTION
Reality
• Microwaves cook my samples
• Rapid processing = poor morphology
• Antigens will be lost forever
• Molecular studies are not possible
• Day processing is useless
Microwaves create physical heat like conventionals do but internally the tissues. Better homogenity & efficiency.
Today’s technology makes 12-14hours a useless waste of time. Quality is guaranteed priority.
Diagnostic equivalence is validated by studies showing optimal antigen reactivity.
Microwave do not affect DNA, RNA and proteins’ quality at all.
Day processing = same day diagnosis = patient centric care
Perception
KOSThe microwave multifunctional
tissue processor
State of the Art
Microwave is switched OFF if:
1.Cavity ventilation is compromised
2.Solvent in cavity is above Threshold
3.Humidity in cavity exceeds set value
4.Microwave leak is detected
In a fraction of the time
• Tissue processing
• Decalcification
• Special stains
• Gross hardening
• Fixation
•Antigen retrieval (93°C to 120°C)
KOS
KOS: Smart and Fast
The first Icon driven HistoStation
• Multifunctional: 1 unit 6 applications
• Fast: Just plug-in and process
• Reliable: Sensors controlled
• Flexible: User programs / Favorites
• Safe: Sensors monitored
• Smart: Icons driven
KOS*
Multifunctional: ONE unit SIX major applications
• Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I.
• Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven
• Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I.
• Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven
Rapid Tissue processingSame day results for all tissue types.
• From 1 to 45 cassettes
• Ideal for transplant center
• Urgent biopsies
• Up to 3 mm thickness
• Safe. No xylene
• Ethanol – isopropanol only
Fast, unmatched tissue processing time
.
• 35 minutesFor transplant biopsies including fixation
• 75 minutesFor 2 mm biopsiesAdd 18 min fixation
• 140 minutesFor 3 mm biopsiesAdd 28 min fixation
Excellent H&E, IHC and FISHIn a fraction of the time
High Quality Slides
Breast Red-Labeled HER2-FISH, x800
Colonic BiopsyH&E, x400
AdenocarcinomaCytokaratin
CAM 5.2, x400
Breast, HER2IHC, x400
SMART . ICONS DRIVEN MENU
1) Select thickness.
2) Select number of cassettes.
3) Select reagents
4) Press GO
5) Press START.That’s all
Time left will be shown on the terminal
Any protocol as Favorite
Special StainsUp to 16 slides
Up to 76% time saving for staining protocols
1) Select stains menu
2) Select specific stain
3) Follow step by step indications
4) Selected program is prestored ready to
use.
Dedicated Histomodules
4K, up to 4 cassette
45K, up to 45 cassette
16s, up to 16 slides
A review of some key factors influencing the quality of sections and
stains
Bench-level quality factors
• Pre-fixation• Fixation• Grossing• Processing• Embedding• Microtomy• Flotation• Section drying• H&E and special stains• IHC, ISH and FISH• Coverslipping
Pre-fixation damage
“If tissue is not in a healthy, living state when it is fixed, it can reveal only abnormal details,whatever its subsequent treatment.”
Bracegirdle B. A History of Microtechnique
Autolysis
Pre-fixation damage: examples
Heat damage Crush artifact
Dessication
Fixation: common problems
Inadequate volume offormalin
Poor quality fixative
Tissue fragmentsroughly handled
Inappropriate containers
THANK YOU !
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