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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN
KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN
STADION SEPAKBOLA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai Syarat untuk Mencapai
Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Disusun Oleh :
Erpan Nur Saputro
I0214035
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2018
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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN
STADION SEPAKBOLA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN
Disusun Oleh :
Erpan Nur Saputro
I0214035
Menyetujui,
Surakarta,
Pembimbing II Pembimbing I
Sri Yuliani S.T.,MAPPSc Ir. Widi Suroto M.T.
NIP. 19710706 199512 2 001 NIP. 19560905 198601 1 001
Mengesahkan,
Kepala Program StudiArsitektur
FakultasTeknik
Amin Sumadyo, S.T., M.T.
NIP. 19720811 200012 1 001
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2018
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah S.W.T., karena dengan rahmat,
ridho, dan keberuntungan dari-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Akhir
Dengan Judul Konsep Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Stadion Sepakbola Dengan
Pendekatan Arsitektur Hijau Di Kabupaten Sragen. Laporan Tugas Akhir ini disusun
sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Arsitektur Universitas Sebelas
Maret.
Dalam menyusun dan menyelesaikan ini, banyak pihak yang telah memberikan
bimbingan, pertolongan, dan dukungan kepada penulis. Maka pada kesempatan ini penulis
mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:
1. Allah S.W.T. atas segala ridho dan keberuntungan dari-Nya,
2. Keluarga yang telah memberikan dukungan moril dan materil.
3. Bapak Amin Sumadyo, S. T., M. T., selaku Kepala Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
4. Bapak Ir. Widi Suroto M.T. selaku Pembimbing Pertama Tugas Akhir yang telah
membimbing selama proses Tugas Akhir.
5. Bapak Sri Yuliani S.T.,MAPPSc selaku Pembimbing Pertama Tugas Akhir yang
telah membimbing selama proses Tugas Akhir.
6. Bapak dan Ibu dosen Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Sebelas Maret atas segala ilmu dan pengalamannya,
7. Staff Tata Usaha dan Pendidikan Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Sebelas Maret atas segala bantuannya,
8. Teman-teman Ar. Peradaban, Adnan Zuhdi, David, Daniel, Iqbal, Habib, Om,
Windra, Waski, Way, dan Zeta,
9. Teman – teman seperjuangan Studio Tugas Akhir periode 151
10. Teman – teman Arsitektur angkatan 2014
11. Seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan oleh penulis yang telah membantu
selama proses KPPA dan Studio Tugas Akhir.
Penulis menyadari, sebagai mahasiswa yang masih kurang pengalaman dan masih
dalam proses belajar, Laporan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Dari itu, penulis meminta
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kritik dan sarannya. Akhir kata semoga Laporan ini bermanfaat khususnya untuk penulis
dan untuk pembaca.
Surakarta,
Erpan Nur Saputro
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DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ...........................................................................................................................xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................. 1
A. Pengertian Judul ...................................................................................................................... 1
B. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................................... 2
C. Permasalahan dan Persoalan .................................................................................................. 5
D. Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................................................................. 6
E. Lingkup dan Batasan ............................................................................................................... 7
F. Sistematika ................................................................................................................................ 7
1. Sistematika Konsep ............................................................................................................ 7
2. Sistematika Studio .............................................................................................................. 8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. 10
A. Tinjauan Stadion Sepakbola ................................................................................................. 10
1. Jenis – Jenis Stadion ......................................................................................................... 10
2. Pengguna dan kegiatan pada stadion sepakbola ............................................................... 12
3. Jenis – jenis organisasi ruang ........................................................................................... 13
4. Zona Stadion Sepakbola Menurut FIFA .......................................................................... 14
5. Standar Kebutuhan Tempat Parkir ................................................................................... 15
6. Kriteria Pemilihan Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ..................................................... 15
7. Bentuk Dasar Stadion Sepakbola ..................................................................................... 15
8. Standar Bangunan Stadion .............................................................................................. 15
9. Syarat – Syarat Daya Tarik Wisata Pada Stadion Sepakbola ........................................... 21
10. Standar Stadion Menurut FIFA .................................................................................... 21
B. Tinjauan Arsitektur hijau ..................................................................................................... 23
1. Pengertian Arsitektur Hijau .............................................................................................. 23
2. 6 prinsip Arsitektur Hijau ................................................................................................. 23
3. Stadion Hijau .................................................................................................................... 24
4. Standar Pengukuran arsitektur Hijau di Indonesia ........................................................... 25
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C. Tinjauan Preseden Stadion Sepakbola ................................................................................. 28
1. Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno.................................................................................. 28
BAB III METODE PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN .......................................... 32
A. Pola Pikir ................................................................................................................................. 32
B. Metode Perencanaan .............................................................................................................. 34
C. Metode Perancangan ............................................................................................................. 37
BAB IV TINJAUAN DATA PERANCANGAN DAN PERENCANAAN ........................... 40
A. Data Perencanaan .................................................................................................................. 40
1. Data Lokasi ....................................................................................................................... 40
2. Data pengguna .................................................................................................................. 42
3. Data kegiatan .................................................................................................................... 43
4. Data ruangan ..................................................................................................................... 43
B. Data Perancangan .................................................................................................................. 44
1. Data Organisasi Ruang ..................................................................................................... 44
2. Data Luasan Lantai Ruang ................................................................................................ 45
3. Data Luasan Lantai Dasar Ruang ..................................................................................... 46
4. Data Luasan Parkir Umum .............................................................................................. 47
5. Data Luasan Tapak ........................................................................................................... 47
6. Data Orientasi Masa Terhadap Tapak............................................................................... 48
7. Data Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ........................................................................... 49
8. Data Tapak Terhadap Lingkungan Sekitar ....................................................................... 49
9. Data Bentuk Dasar Stadion Sepakbola ............................................................................. 50
10. Data Fasad Stadion Yang Dapat Mendukung Pariwisata Pada Stadion ........................... 51
11. Data Penghematan Energi ................................................................................................. 51
12. Data Pemanfaatan Sumber Alami ..................................................................................... 53
13. Data Pengelolaan Limbah Pada Stadion ........................................................................... 55
14. Data Struktur Stdion Sepakbola ........................................................................................ 57
15. Data Utilitas ...................................................................................................................... 59
BAB V ANALISIS PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ......................................... 60
C. Analisis perencanaan ............................................................................................................. 60
1. Analisis Lokasi ................................................................................................................. 60
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2. Analisis Pengguna ............................................................................................................ 64
3. Analisis Kegiatan .............................................................................................................. 64
4. Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................................... 67
D. Analisis perancangan ............................................................................................................. 69
1. Analisis Organisasi Ruang ................................................................................................ 69
2. Analisis Luasan Lantai Ruang .......................................................................................... 87
3. Analisis Luasan Lantai Dasar Ruang ................................................................................ 91
4. Analisis Luasan Parkir Umum .......................................................................................... 92
5. Analisis Luasan Tapak ...................................................................................................... 93
6. Analisis orientasi masa terhadap tapak ............................................................................. 96
7. Analisis Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ...................................................................... 98
8. Analisis Tapak Terhadap Lingkngan Sekitar .................................................................... 99
9. Analsisis bentuk dasar bangunan .................................................................................... 101
10. Analisis Fasad Stadion Yang Dapat Mendukung Pariwisata Pada Stadion .................... 105
11. Analisis Penghematan Energi ......................................................................................... 108
12. Analisis Pemanfaatan Sumber Alami ............................................................................. 115
13. Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Pada Stadion ................................................................... 120
14. Analisis Struktur Stadion Sepakbola .............................................................................. 124
15. Analsisis sistem keamanan ............................................................................................. 132
16. Analisis Utilitas .............................................................................................................. 136
BAB VI KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN .......................................... 144
A. Konsep Perencanaan ............................................................................................................ 144
1. Konsep Lokasi ................................................................................................................ 144
2. Konsep Pengguna .......................................................................................................... 144
3. Konsep Kegiatan ............................................................................................................. 145
4. Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................................................. 146
B. Konsep Perancangan ............................................................................................................ 146
1. Konsep Organisasi Ruang ............................................................................................... 146
2. Konsep Luasan Lantai Ruang ......................................................................................... 149
3. Konsep Luasan Lantai Dasar Ruang ............................................................................... 150
4. Konsep Luasan Parkir Umum ......................................................................................... 152
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5. Konsep Luasan Tapak ..................................................................................................... 152
6. Konsep Orientasi Terhadap Tapak ................................................................................. 153
7. Konsep Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ..................................................................... 153
8. Konsep Tapak Terhadap Lingkungan Sekitar ................................................................. 154
9. Konsep Bentuk Dasar Bangunan .................................................................................... 155
10. Konsep Fasad Banguanan Yang Dapat Mendukung Pariwisata ..................................... 155
11. Konsep Pengheatan Energi ............................................................................................. 156
12. Konsep Pemanfaatan Sumber Alami .............................................................................. 157
13. Konsep Pengelolaanlimbah Pada Stadion ....................................................................... 159
14. Konsep Struktur Stadion Sepakbola ............................................................................... 162
15. Konsep sistem keamanan ................................................................................................ 167
16. Konsep Utilitas. .............................................................................................................. 169
G. Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................................. 176
H. Lampiran .......................................................................................................................... 181
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 : Stadion Tertutup ............................................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2 : Stadion Terbuka ............................................................................................................ 10
Gambar 3 : Stadion Bergerak ........................................................................................................... 11
Gambar 4 : Stadion Sepakbola ......................................................................................................... 11
Gambar 5 : Stadion Olimpiade ......................................................................................................... 12
Gambar 6 : Sketsa Organisasi Terpusat ........................................................................................... 13
Gambar 7 : Sketsa Organisasi Linier ................................................................................................ 13
Gambar 8 : Sketsa Organisasi Radial ............................................................................................... 13
Gambar 9 : Sketsa Organisasi Cluster .............................................................................................. 14
Gambar 10 : Sketsa Organisasi Grid ................................................................................................ 14
Gambar 11 : Zona Stadion Sepakbola .............................................................................................. 14
Gambar 12 : Ilustrasi Lokasi ............................................................................................................ 16
Gambar 13 : Ilustrasi Orientasi Stadion ........................................................................................... 16
Gambar 14 : Ilustrasi Suara dan Cahaya .......................................................................................... 17
Gambar 15 : Sketsa Jarak Tribun ..................................................................................................... 19
Gambar 16 : Sketsa Tempat Duduk/ Tribun .................................................................................... 20
Gambar 17 : Fasilitas Yang Diperbarui ............................................................................................ 30
Gambar 18 : Peta Kabupaten Sragen ................................................................................................ 40
Gambar 19 : Lokasi .......................................................................................................................... 41
Gambar 20 : RTRW Kabupaten Sragen ........................................................................................... 41
Gambar 21 : Peta Tapak ................................................................................................................... 48
Gambar 22 : Arah Matahari Pada Tapak .......................................................................................... 48
Gambar 23 : Sketsa Jalan Utama Menuju Stadion ........................................................................... 49
Gambar 24 : Analisis Daerah Terdampak ........................................................................................ 49
Gambar 25 : Bentuk Dasar Persegi Panjang .................................................................................... 50
Gambar 26 : Bentuk Dasar Oval ...................................................................................................... 50
Gambar 27 : Bentuk Dasar Lingkaran .............................................................................................. 51
Gambar 28 : Analisis Atraksi Di Sekitar Lokasi .............................................................................. 51
Gambar 29 : Panel Surya .................................................................................................................. 53
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Gambar 30 : Sistem Pemanfaatan Air Hujan ................................................................................... 54
Gambar 31 : Proses IPAL Komunal ................................................................................................... 56
Gambar 32 : bentuk tampak atas IPAL ............................................................................................ 57
Gambar 33 : Dimensi Panjang Dan Lebar IPAL .............................................................................. 57
Gambar 34 : Dimensi Panjang Dan Lebar IPAL .............................................................................. 57
Gambar 35 : Sketsa Ukuran Tribun .................................................................................................. 58
Gambar 36 : Contoh Kursi Yang Menempel Tribun ........................................................................ 58
Gambar 37 : Contoh Kursi Yang Menempel Di Pinggir Tribun ...................................................... 58
Gambar 38 : Contoh Kursi Yang Memiliki Kaki Terhadap Tribun ................................................. 59
Gambar 39 : Sistem Irigasi Padalapangan Sepakbola ...................................................................... 59
Gambar 40 : Ilustrasi Lokasi ............................................................................................................ 60
Gambar 41 : lokasi ........................................................................................................................... 61
Gambar 42 : RTRW Kabupaten Sragen ........................................................................................... 62
Gambar 43 : Analisis Lokasi Dengan Fasilitas Penunjang .............................................................. 63
Gambar 44 : analisis lokasi dengan jalan utama dan stasiun ........................................................... 63
Gambar 45 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Pemain ............................................................................... 69
Gambar 46 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Official .............................................................................. 70
Gambar 47 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Penonton VIP .................................................................... 70
Gambar 48 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Penonton Umum ................................................................ 70
Gambar 49 : program ruang dan alur penonton VVIP ..................................................................... 71
Gambar 50 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Wartawan .......................................................................... 71
Gambar 51 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Tim Wasit .......................................................................... 71
Gambar 52 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Tim Penyelenggara ........................................................... 72
Gambar 53 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Tim Penyiaran ................................................................... 72
Gambar 54 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Petugas Administrasi ......................................................... 72
Gambar 55 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Petugas Lapangan .............................................................. 73
Gambar 56 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Penyewa Kios .................................................................... 73
Gambar 57 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Penyewa Stadion ............................................................... 73
Gambar 58 : Program Ruang Dan Alur Wisatawan ......................................................................... 74
Gambar 59 : Pengunjung Yang Berolahraga .................................................................................... 74
Gambar 60 : Arah Dan Sumber Cahaya ........................................................................................... 78
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Gambar 61 : Raung Yang Mendapatkan Cahaya Matahari .............................................................. 78
Gambar 62 : Setsa Jarak Pohon ........................................................................................................ 79
Gambar 63 : Sketsa Penerapan Bukaan Pada Stadion ...................................................................... 79
Gambar 64 : Material Atap Yang Dapat Mendukung Pencahayaan ................................................ 80
Gambar 65 : Sumber Udara Pada Stadion ........................................................................................ 81
Gambar 66 : Ruang Yang Mendapatkan Udara ............................................................................... 81
Gambar 67 : Sketsa Jalur Keluar Masuk Udara ............................................................................... 82
Gambar 68 : Sketsa Tanaman Di Koridor Stadion ........................................................................... 83
Gambar 69 : Ruang Yang Memiliki Ketenangan ............................................................................. 84
Gambar 70 : Ruang Yang Memiliki Pemandangan Langsung Ke Lapangan .................................. 86
Gambar 71 : Jalan Yang Mengelilingi Stadion ................................................................................ 86
Gambar 72 : Ruang Yang Berhadapan Langsung Ke Jalan ............................................................. 87
Gambar 74 : Luas Lahan Total Yang Didapat ................................................................................. 94
Gambar 75 : Panjang Lahan Sisi Utara ............................................................................................ 95
Gambar 76 : Panjang Lahan Sisi Timur ........................................................................................... 95
Gambar 77 : Panjang Lahan Sisi Selatan ......................................................................................... 95
Gambar 78 : panjang lahan sisi barat ............................................................................................... 96
Gambar 79 : luas lahan setelah dikurangi GSB, dan GSJ ................................................................ 96
Gambar 79 : Arah Matahari Pada Tapak .......................................................................................... 97
Gambar 80 : Analisis Orientasi Masa Dan Lapangan ...................................................................... 97
Gambar 81 : Sketsa Jalanutama Dan Orientasi Masa Pada Stadion ................................................. 98
Gambar 82 : Analisis Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ................................................................ 99
Gambar 83 : Masalah Stadion Terhadap Lingkungan Sekitar ......................................................... 99
Gambar 84 : Analisis Daerah Terdampak ...................................................................................... 100
Gambar 85 : Sketsa Penanganan .................................................................................................... 100
Gambar 86 : Solusi Pada Tapak ..................................................................................................... 101
Gambar 87 : Bentuk Dasar Persegi Panjang .................................................................................. 102
Gambar 88 : Bentuk Dasar Oval .................................................................................................... 102
Gambar 89 : Bentuk Dasar Lingkaran ............................................................................................ 102
Gambar 90 : Analisis Bentuk Dasar Persegi Panjang .................................................................... 103
Gambar 91 : Analisis Bentuk Dasar Oval ...................................................................................... 103
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Gambar 92 : Analisis Bentuk Dasar Lingkaran.............................................................................. 104
Gambar 93 : Bentuk akhir stadion sepakbola ................................................................................. 104
Gambar 94 : Analisis Atraksi Di Sekitar Lokasi ............................................................................ 106
Gambar 95 : Contoh Pengaplikasianya Pada Banguanan .............................................................. 107
Gambar 96 : Tata Cahaya Pada Stadion Sepakbola ( Gelora Bung Karno), (Alianz Arena) Dan
(Stadion Nasional Bejing) .............................................................................................................. 107
Gambar 97 : Rumus Mencari Jumlah Lampu ................................................................................ 108
Gambar 98 : Rumus Mencari Banyak Lampu Yang Dibutuhkan .................................................. 112
Gambar 99 : Contoh Penerapan Lampu Yang Menggunakan Panel Surya .................................... 113
Gambar 100 : Contoh Panel Surya ................................................................................................. 115
Gambar 101 : Penerapan Panel Surya Di Atap Stadion ................................................................. 116
Gambar 102 : Detail Penerapan Panel Surya ................................................................................. 116
Gambar 103 : Perhitungan Jumlah Kebutuhan Panel Surya .......................................................... 117
Gambar 104 : Sistem SPAH ........................................................................................................... 118
Gambar 105 : Sistem SPAH Untuk Stadion Sepakbola ................................................................. 119
Gambar 106 : Hasil Analisis Penempatan SPAH ........................................................................... 119
Gambar 107 : Tampak Atas Sistem IPAL ...................................................................................... 121
Gambar 108 : Dimensi Ukuran Sistem IPAL ................................................................................. 122
Gambar 109 : Dimensi Ukuran Sistem IPAL ................................................................................. 122
Gambar 110 : Hasil Peletakan IPAL Pada Tapak .......................................................................... 122
Gambar 111 : Penempatan Penampung Sampah ............................................................................ 123
Gambar 112 : Pondasi Footplat ...................................................................................................... 126
Gambar 113 : Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................................................... 126
Gambar 114 : Struktur Kolom Balok ............................................................................................. 127
Gambar 115 : Contoh Penggunaaan Struktur Kolom Balok Di Indonesia ..................................... 128
Gambar 116 : Contoh Penggunaan Tribun Precast ........................................................................ 129
Gambar 117 : Sketsa Ukuran Tribun .............................................................................................. 129
Gambar 118 : Contoh Kursi Menempel Tribun ............................................................................. 130
Gambar 119 : Contoh Kursi Menempel Di Pinggir Tribun ............................................................ 130
Gambar 120 : Kursi Memiliki Kaki Pendukung Terhadaptribun ................................................... 130
Gambar 121 : Contoh Tribun Difabel ........................................................................................... 131
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Gambar 122 : Contoh Penerappan Atapp Kabel Dan Membran .................................................... 132
Gambar 123 : Jalur Sirkulasi Evakuasi Lantai 1 ............................................................................ 133
Gambar 124 : Jalur Sirkulasi Evakuasi Lantai 2, 3 Dan 4 ............................................................. 134
Gambar 125 : Contoh Pemberian Jarak .......................................................................................... 135
Gambar 126 : Contoh Penerapan Tribun ........................................................................................ 135
Gambar 127 : Contoh Penerapan Pagar Pembatas ......................................................................... 135
Gambar 128 : Sketsa Skema Air Bersih ......................................................................................... 136
Gambar 129 : Skema IPAL ............................................................................................................ 137
Gambar 130 : Skema SPAH ........................................................................................................... 138
Gambar 131 : Sketsa Sitem Irigasi Lapagan Sepakbola ................................................................. 138
Gambar 132 : Sistem Air Di Sekitar Tapak ................................................................................... 139
Gambar 133 : Sketsa Skema Listrik ............................................................................................... 141
Gambar 134 : Peta Lokasi .............................................................................................................. 144
Gambar 135 : Raung Yang Mendapatkan Cahaya Matahari .......................................................... 147
Gambar 136 : Ruang Yang Mendapatkan Udara ........................................................................... 147
Gambar 137 : Ruang Yang Memiliki Ketenangan ......................................................................... 148
Gambar 138 : Ruang Yang Memiliki Pemandangan Langsung Ke Lapangan .............................. 148
Gambar 139 : Ruang Yang Berhadapan Langsung Ke Jalan ......................................................... 149
Gambar 140 : Luas Lahan Total ..................................................................................................... 153
Gambar 141 : Arah Orientasi Lapangan Terhadap Tapak ............................................................. 153
Gambar 142 : Konsep Main Entrance Dan Side Entrance ............................................................. 154
Gambar 143 : Konsep Tapak Terhadap Lingkungan Sekitar ......................................................... 154
Gambar 144 : Konsep Bentuk Dasar Stadion Sepakbola ............................................................... 155
Gambar 145 : Sketsa Taaman Di Gedung ...................................................................................... 156
Gambar 146 : Contoh Stadion Yang Menerapkan Tata Cahayapada Malam Hari ........................ 156
Gambar 147 : Penerapan Panel Surya Pada Stadion ...................................................................... 157
Gambar 148 : Total Energi Yang Dihasilakn Dengan Panel Surya ............................................... 158
Gambar 149 : Sistem SPAH Pada Stadion ..................................................................................... 158
Gambar 150 : Penempatan Tangki Bawah ..................................................................................... 159
Gambar 151 : Sistem IPAL ............................................................................................................ 160
Gambar 152 : Letak IPAL .............................................................................................................. 160
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Gambar 153 : Konsep Peletakan Penapungan Sampah .................................................................. 161
Gambar 154 : Pondasi Footplat ...................................................................................................... 162
Gambar 155 : Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................................................... 163
Gambar 156 : Struktur Kolom Dan Balok ..................................................................................... 164
Gambar 157 : Contoh Pengaplikasian Struktur Balok Dan Kolom ................................................ 164
Gambar 158 : Contoh Penggunaan Precast .................................................................................... 165
Gambar 159 : Sketsa Ukuran Tribun .............................................................................................. 165
Gambar 160 : Contoh Kursi Yang Menempel Pinggiran Tribun ................................................... 166
Gambar 161 : Contoh Tribun Defabel ............................................................................................ 166
Gambar 162 : Contoh Penerapan Struktur Kabel Dan Membran ................................................... 167
Gambar 163 : Jalur Sirkulasi Evakuasi Lantai 1 ............................................................................ 167
Gambar 164 : Jalur Sirkulasi Evakuasi Lantai 2, 3 Dan 4 ............................................................. 168
Gambar 165 : Contoh Pemberian Jarak .......................................................................................... 168
Gambar 166 : Contoh Penerapan Tribun ........................................................................................ 169
Gambar 167 : Contoh Penerapan Pagar Pembatas ......................................................................... 169
Gambar 168 : Sketsa Dan Skema Air Bersih ................................................................................. 170
Gambar 169 : Skema IPAL ............................................................................................................ 171
Gambar 170 : Skema SPAH ........................................................................................................... 171
Gambar 171 : Sketsa Sitem Irigasi Lapagan Sepakbola ................................................................. 172
Gambar 172 : Sketsa Skema Listrik ............................................................................................... 174
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................................... 5
Tabel 2 : Reting GBCI Tepat Guna Lahan ....................................................................................... 26
Tabel 3 : Reting GBCI Efisiensi dan Konservasi Energi ................................................................. 26
Tabel 4 : Reting GBCI Konservasi Air ............................................................................................ 27
Tabel 5 : Reting GBCI Sumber Dan Siklus Matrial ........................................................................ 27
Tabel 6 : Reting GBCI Kesehatan Dan Kenyamanan Dalam Ruang ............................................... 27
Tabel 7 : Reting GBCI Menejemen Lingkungan Banguanan .......................................................... 28
Tabel 8 : Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................................ 44
Tabel 9 : Analisis Luas Lantai Dasar .............................................................................................. 46
Tabel 11 : Analisis Pengguna ........................................................................................................... 64
Tabel 12 : Analisis Kegiatan Alur Pengguna ................................................................................... 66
Tabel 13 : Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................................................. 68
Tabel 14 : Identifikasi Ruang ........................................................................................................... 75
Tabel 15 : Kelompok Ruang Berdasarkan Indikasi .......................................................................... 77
Tabel 16 : Ruang Yang Membutuhakan Ketenagan, Uara Dan Cahaya .......................................... 85
Tabel 17 : Ruang Yang Memerlukan Pemandangan ........................................................................ 85
Tabel 18 : Luasan Lantai Zona Publik ............................................................................................. 88
Tabel 19 : Luasan Lantai Zona Semi Publik .................................................................................... 89
Tabel 20 : Luasan Lantai Zona Semi Privat ..................................................................................... 89
Tabel 21 : Luasan Lantai Zona Servis .............................................................................................. 90
Tabel 22 : Luasan Lantai Zona Privat .............................................................................................. 90
Tabel 23 : Analisis Luasan Lantai Dasar ......................................................................................... 91
Tabel 26 : Analisis Besar Daya Dalam Watt .................................................................................... 109
Tabel 27 : Kelompok Pengguna Dan Pengguna Pada Stadion Sepakbola ..................................... 144
Tabel 28 : Alur Kegiatan Pengguna Pada Stadion Sepakbola ........................................................ 145
Tabel 29 : Kebutuhan Ruang Pada Stadion Sepakbola ................................................................. 146
Tabel 30 : Total Luasan Lantai Stadion Sepakbola ........................................................................ 149
Tabel 31 : Perhitungan Luas Lantai Dasar ..................................................................................... 151
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