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King Island Renewable Energy Integration Project
Isolated Power System Connect 2015
Simon Gamble
Manager Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions
• Government Business – owned by State of Tasmania
• Australia’s largest clean energy producer
• Responsible for generation, distribution and retail in the Bass Strait islands
• Developer, owner and operator of leading hybrid off-grid system on King Island – our test bed.
• Leading consultant to aid agencies and utilities, including: Yap, Pitcairn, Chatham Islands, Cook Islands, Rottnest Island, Coober Pedy
Hydro Tasmania Hybrid off-grid power systems capability
King Island location Source: Google Earth
King Island hybrid power system Development path for renewable energy
Population approx. 1,600 2.5MW load 6MW diesel generation 450km of 11kV
• Expensive system - diesel fuel is 80% of cost - incentive to use RE
• Adding RE is an integration challenge – RE displaces diesel generation
• High RE requires enabling systems – communication; control; services
• Requires holistic approach – planning; phasing development
Diesel fuel cost dominates
1998 – First Wind Farm Low renewable energy penetration
750kW wind
“Low hanging fruit”
Deliberately limited RE installed
No impact to operations
Simplified Solar PV example
15% reduction in diesel
2.45MW wind (1.2MW min load)
RE controlled (limited) protect diesels
Some RE is wasted (curtailed)
At this point you need enablers:
- 1st enabler - automated control
2004 – Wind Farm Expansion Medium renewable energy penetration
Simplified Solar PV example
30% annual reduction in diesel
Note minimum diesel operation Diesel still regulating
Enabling technology – Dynamic Resistor (Load bank) elements
• Resistive elements artificially increase the load: convert excess to heat
• Load balance is maintained (dynamically by resistors) – not diesel generators
• More RE is utilised – more diesel savings
2008 – Dynamic resistor (2nd enabler) Enhanced medium renewable energy penetration
Counterintuitive : taking spilled energy & converting to a useful service
35% annual reduction in diesel
Dynamic resistor operation
Grey areas show dynamic resistor controlling system frequency using excess RE.
Note reduction in diesel generation variability at these times – driving diesel savings.
2012 – Diesel UPS (3rd enabler) Ability to operate at 100% RE penetration
• The need to always operate diesel generation has been a key barrier to renewables o Next logical challenge to switch off
To achieve 100% RE penetration systems require:
• Surplus RE generation
• Full automation – high speed communication and control
• Enabling systems – that replace all services provided by diesels
King Island flywheel – supports system without diesel generation Consumes spilled renewables to operate
An instant start diesel generator to provide firm capacity Inertia, Voltage regulation, Fault current
D-UPS “catches” system when diesel fails (as example)
• Absorb excess RE (increase the load)
• Recover excess RE (power injected)
• Provide a range of services
• King Island battery primarily for : o Reserves to support 100% RE operation
o Frequency control
2014 - Energy Storage (4th enabler) An enabling technology option for high RE penetration
Australia’s largest battery – 3MW / 1.5MWh King Island
2014 - Demand management Further optimise RE utilisation by altering demand to match available RE generation (another option)
• Aggregates controllable customer load to help balance demand / supply during high RE contribution
• Fast load shedding , smart EV charging, smart solar PV switching
• Monitoring customer load and providing data to customers via smart phone app.
2015 - King Island system Proven, robust, reliable MW class hybrid system Result of planned, coordinated activity
Winner 2013 innovation award
> $24m in diesel savings (>$2m per annum) > 1,300 hrs of diesel off operation
65% diesel savings now possible Good return on investment Cost of power reduced
2015 – King Island system operation Extended “diesel off” operation Combined performance of enabling systems
King Island app & web site: real time data www.kireip.com.au
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• Renewable energy technologies can economically reduce the cost of off-grid energy supply by significantly reducing the consumption of diesel fuel
o Renewable energy integration is the key to increased utilisation
o Start with increasing instantaneous penetration whilst maintaining stability
• System wide planning is critical – develop a roadmap, conduct system modelling
• Technology continues to mature and costs reduce
o Economics drives optimum RE contribution level (not technical capability)
– King Island demonstrates a range of solutions from low to very high RE
o Significant cost benefits are possible through standardisation
• Understand your business case: What items drive return? – e.g. RE vs storage
Lessons from King Island (1)
Off-Grid Projects:
• Significantly more costly than on-grid : 200-300% (consider in cost estimates)
• Easier to control cost than time – logistical challenges (allow significant float)
Project Planning and Design:
• Involve site staff – integrate operational factors
• Test designs prior to rollout – dynamic studies / HIL / parallel operation
• Specification – know exactly what you want
Implementation:
• Construction : manage contractors closely – near enough isn’t good enough
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Lessons from King Island (2)
Operations:
• Must be simple and robust - e.g. DUPS no more complex than a diesel engine
• Must default to fail safe operation with any system outage
• Documentation and training are critical – site capability will impact returns
Suppliers:
• Conduct due diligence – proven practical performance essential
• Experience in the specific application is critical – off-grid is different
Community: critical to success
• Early and ongoing engagement – multiple channels – don’t assume > engage
• Get them involved in project – consultative committee
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Lessons from King Island (3)
Further information:
Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions
Simon Gamble
www.kireip.com.au
“KIREIP” iPhone app
Thank you
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