December 2010
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public GrievancesMinistry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of Indiahttp://indiagovernance.gov.in/
Researched and Documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................
BACKGROUND ................................
THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK):
OBJECTIVE ................................
TRAINING ................................
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION
THE APPROACH ................................
STRATEGIES USED ................................
DESIGN AND EXECUTION ................................
ACTIVITIES OF KESNIK ................................
THE FINANCIAL OUTLAY ................................
METHODOLOGY ................................
KEY STAKEHOLDERS
LESSONS LEARNED ................................
IMPACT ................................................................
FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE
UNIQUE APPROACH ................................
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY
A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE
CONCLUSION ................................
REFERENCES ................................
APPENDIX ................................
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS ................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION ................................................................
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FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE ................................................................................................
................................................................................................
TRAINING PROGRAMMES ................................................................................................
SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY ................................................................................................
A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE ................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
1
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Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the
practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction
techniques. The technology propounded by KESNIK became a practical alternative to the high
priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally
materials thereby economising costs without compromising on
the structure.
It has proved its capacity in rural habitat, disaster management, and Habitat Development
Programme at Attappady Rainwater Harvesting in
earthquake design was submitted by Nirmithi Kendra for the rehabilitation project at Lathur in
Tamil Nadu. It was further used in the construction of a rehabilitation project at Bhuj in
Gujarat. When the Tsunami hit th
constructed temporary shelters and gave psychological support to the victims.
KESNIK also conducted a survey based on the needs of the people and the environmental
conditions and prepared a design for th
Ooru.
KESNIK started working in association with the Swiss Development Agency in 2000 by
launching a learning programme to increase the availability and accessibility of locally
available CEEF construction
now focuses on the housing needs of the rural poor.
Most part of the inner villages of Kerala are facing acute water shortage and KESNIK acts as a
nodal agency for rainwater harvesting. There are
harvesting and water purification methods.
KESNIK acts as an agency for conducting habitat development programmes in the country
playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and e
conditions to the poor. Its greatest impact has been the creation of an awareness of alternate
options in building technology.
This document captures the overall functioning and operational principles of KEZNIK with the
hope of contributing to the replication of such initiatives elsewhere.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the
and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction
techniques. The technology propounded by KESNIK became a practical alternative to the high
priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally
materials thereby economising costs without compromising on the durability and strength of
It has proved its capacity in rural habitat, disaster management, and Habitat Development
Programme at Attappady Rainwater Harvesting in the field of habitat development. The
earthquake design was submitted by Nirmithi Kendra for the rehabilitation project at Lathur in
Tamil Nadu. It was further used in the construction of a rehabilitation project at Bhuj in
Gujarat. When the Tsunami hit the coastal areas of Kerala, Nirmithi along with OXFAM
constructed temporary shelters and gave psychological support to the victims.
KESNIK also conducted a survey based on the needs of the people and the environmental
conditions and prepared a design for the construction of nearly 80 houses at Chemmannoor
KESNIK started working in association with the Swiss Development Agency in 2000 by
launching a learning programme to increase the availability and accessibility of locally
materials and technologies among rural poor. The programme
now focuses on the housing needs of the rural poor.
Most part of the inner villages of Kerala are facing acute water shortage and KESNIK acts as a
nodal agency for rainwater harvesting. There are facilities for the demonstration of rain water
harvesting and water purification methods.
KESNIK acts as an agency for conducting habitat development programmes in the country
playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and e
conditions to the poor. Its greatest impact has been the creation of an awareness of alternate
options in building technology.
This document captures the overall functioning and operational principles of KEZNIK with the
contributing to the replication of such initiatives elsewhere.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
2
The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the
and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction
techniques. The technology propounded by KESNIK became a practical alternative to the high
priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally available
the durability and strength of
It has proved its capacity in rural habitat, disaster management, and Habitat Development
the field of habitat development. The
earthquake design was submitted by Nirmithi Kendra for the rehabilitation project at Lathur in
Tamil Nadu. It was further used in the construction of a rehabilitation project at Bhuj in
e coastal areas of Kerala, Nirmithi along with OXFAM
constructed temporary shelters and gave psychological support to the victims.
KESNIK also conducted a survey based on the needs of the people and the environmental
e construction of nearly 80 houses at Chemmannoor
KESNIK started working in association with the Swiss Development Agency in 2000 by
launching a learning programme to increase the availability and accessibility of locally
materials and technologies among rural poor. The programme
Most part of the inner villages of Kerala are facing acute water shortage and KESNIK acts as a
facilities for the demonstration of rain water
KESNIK acts as an agency for conducting habitat development programmes in the country
playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and efficient housing
conditions to the poor. Its greatest impact has been the creation of an awareness of alternate
This document captures the overall functioning and operational principles of KEZNIK with the
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
BACKGROUND
THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS
In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this
the Collector of Kollam promoted an initiative in which the affected families were
involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes.
named the Nirmithi Kendra. The success of this initiative led to the
District Nirmithi Kendras across the state. Subsequently, in order to
to these District level Nirmithi Kendras, a body called the
KESNIK was set up. Ever since its establishment,
activities for the promotion of CEEF technologies
1. Manufacturing and sale of CEEF materials.
2. Promotion of small enterprises in the CEEF material sector.
3. Awareness generation among public through various measures.
4. Setting up information and guidance centers and conducting exhibitions.
5. Construction of demonstration units.
6. Training of both existing artisans and unskilled persons in CEEF technologies.
7. Orientation of Panchayati Raj representatives and offic
The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in
case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located
hilly eastern region of Kerala, is among the more backward areas
selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the
Development Cooperation (SDC), in view of a complete absence of
people. Based on the findings of a survey done
devised to increase the acceptance of CEEF materialsin the area. The activities undertaken
include:
1. Intensive interactions with elected representatives and staff of the GP.
2. Distribution of information boo
3. Nirmithi Vahini exhibitions in the wards of the GP.
4. Discussions with the public following the Vahini exhibitions.
The panchayat committee identified 138 families in need of support. Prior to the selection,
intensive parleys were held, by KESN
1 Kudumbashree, launched in 1998, is today one of the largest women
programme has 37 lakh members and covers more than 50% of the households in Kerala. It is built around three
critical components, micro credit, entrepreneurship and empowerment. The Ku
succeeded in addressing the basic needs of the less privileged women, thus providing them a more dignified life and a
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS
In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this
promoted an initiative in which the affected families were
involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes.
named the Nirmithi Kendra. The success of this initiative led to the promotion of various
District Nirmithi Kendras across the state. Subsequently, in order to provide technical support
to these District level Nirmithi Kendras, a body called the Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra or
KESNIK was set up. Ever since its establishment, KESNIK has taken
activities for the promotion of CEEF technologies which include:
1. Manufacturing and sale of CEEF materials.
2. Promotion of small enterprises in the CEEF material sector.
3. Awareness generation among public through various measures.
4. Setting up information and guidance centers and conducting exhibitions.
5. Construction of demonstration units.
6. Training of both existing artisans and unskilled persons in CEEF technologies.
7. Orientation of Panchayati Raj representatives and officials.
The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in
case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located
hilly eastern region of Kerala, is among the more backward areas in the State.
selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the
Development Cooperation (SDC), in view of a complete absence of CEEF awareness among the
people. Based on the findings of a survey done by KESNIK staff, a multipronged
devised to increase the acceptance of CEEF materialsin the area. The activities undertaken
1. Intensive interactions with elected representatives and staff of the GP.
2. Distribution of information booklets.
3. Nirmithi Vahini exhibitions in the wards of the GP.
4. Discussions with the public following the Vahini exhibitions.
The panchayat committee identified 138 families in need of support. Prior to the selection,
intensive parleys were held, by KESNIK and Kudumbashree1 functionaries with the
today one of the largest women-empowering projects in the country. The
programme has 37 lakh members and covers more than 50% of the households in Kerala. It is built around three
critical components, micro credit, entrepreneurship and empowerment. The Kudumbashree initiative has today
succeeded in addressing the basic needs of the less privileged women, thus providing them a more dignified life and a
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
3
In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this situation,
promoted an initiative in which the affected families were themselves
involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes. This initiative was
promotion of various
provide technical support
Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra or
KESNIK has taken up a wide variety of
4. Setting up information and guidance centers and conducting exhibitions.
6. Training of both existing artisans and unskilled persons in CEEF technologies.
The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in the
case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located along the
in the State. The GP was
selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the Swiss Agency for
CEEF awareness among the
staff, a multipronged strategy was
devised to increase the acceptance of CEEF materialsin the area. The activities undertaken
The panchayat committee identified 138 families in need of support. Prior to the selection,
functionaries with the members
empowering projects in the country. The
programme has 37 lakh members and covers more than 50% of the households in Kerala. It is built around three
dumbashree initiative has today
succeeded in addressing the basic needs of the less privileged women, thus providing them a more dignified life and a
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify
require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank
support to the families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the
sponsored neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to
KESNIKs local production centres provided CEEF materials for
were trained by KESNIK as part of its activities in the
provided the necessary guidance.
OBJECTIVE The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK):
To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction
To co-ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras
To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and
ensure field level application of Research in housing sector.
To provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and
policies.
To serve as a clearing house of information and data bank on housing.
To select appropriate technology for dissemination.
To formulate and update syllabi of the
To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional
technologies.
To set up Production Centers
To undertake HRD programme in the field of housing.
To formulate projects and to
To undertake R&D activities in housing and allied fields
To construct buildings especially public buildings using CEEF technology.
To dovetail the self employment schemes of Govt. and ot
and income for youth.
WORKING DESIGNThe Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all
districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union
the National Housing Policy saw the growth of the movement at the national level through the
setting up of building centres in all districts in the country. It also received the Special Habitat
better future. Literal meaning of Kudumbashree is prosperity (shree) of family (Kudumbam).
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify
require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank
families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the
neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to
KESNIKs local production centres provided CEEF materials for construction. The families
e trained by KESNIK as part of its activities in the panchayat. Its technical staff also
provided the necessary guidance.
The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK):
To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction
ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras
To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and
ensure field level application of Research in housing sector.
provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and
To serve as a clearing house of information and data bank on housing.
To select appropriate technology for dissemination.
To formulate and update syllabi of the training programmes undertaken.
To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional
To set up Production Centers.
To undertake HRD programme in the field of housing.
To formulate projects and to take up consultancy services in housing and its allied fields.
To undertake R&D activities in housing and allied fields
To construct buildings especially public buildings using CEEF technology.
To dovetail the self employment schemes of Govt. and other agencies to generate
WORKING DESIGN The Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all
districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union
the National Housing Policy saw the growth of the movement at the national level through the
setting up of building centres in all districts in the country. It also received the Special Habitat
better future. Literal meaning of Kudumbashree is prosperity (shree) of family (Kudumbam).
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
4
of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify families that
require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank to provide loan
families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the Kudumbashree
neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to their group activity.
construction. The families
panchayat. Its technical staff also
To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction sector.
ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras
To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and to
provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and
training programmes undertaken.
To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional housing
take up consultancy services in housing and its allied fields.
To construct buildings especially public buildings using CEEF technology.
her agencies to generate employment
The Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all
districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union Budget and
the National Housing Policy saw the growth of the movement at the national level through the
setting up of building centres in all districts in the country. It also received the Special Habitat
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Award to the progenitor of the movement and the Kol
spread of the Movement.
International recognition was accorded to Nirmithi when the United Nations Commission for
Human Settlements at its 14
recommending governments to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the
national, provincial and grass root levels. As the prime mover behind Nirmithi, the director
was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat
Management.
Through new lines of action effecting attitudinal changes Nirmithi has become synonymous
with cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi
style of construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aes
quality criteria, Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have
compiled standards and specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.
Seminars, workshops, conferences and demonstrations were o
of effective housing in rural areas.
TRAINING
Nirmithi's foray into the field of building construction witnessed a severe shortage of skilled
labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation
organised in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, landscaping and such other skills related to
housing and habitat.
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION
Employment oriented training programmes of the Government such as NRY (Nehru Rozgar
Yojna) being implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to
hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990
utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes
having a wide reach, are being conducted through the district, regional and rural centres of
Nirmithi.
GROUPS
Special training programmes for women and the weaker sections have been conducted with a
view to giving them a meaningful role in habitat
for the focused programmes:
a) Women
About 2000 women have been trained in skills such as masonry, terracotta art, prefabrication,
landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Su
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
Award to the progenitor of the movement and the Kollam Centre gave further impetus to the
International recognition was accorded to Nirmithi when the United Nations Commission for
Human Settlements at its 14th session in Nairobi in May 1993 adopted a resolution
ents to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the
national, provincial and grass root levels. As the prime mover behind Nirmithi, the director
awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat
Through new lines of action effecting attitudinal changes Nirmithi has become synonymous
cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi
construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aes
Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have
specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.
conferences and demonstrations were organised to spread the message
rural areas.
Nirmithi's foray into the field of building construction witnessed a severe shortage of skilled
labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation
organised in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, landscaping and such other skills related to
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION
Employment oriented training programmes of the Government such as NRY (Nehru Rozgar
implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to
hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990
utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes
having a wide reach, are being conducted through the district, regional and rural centres of
Special training programmes for women and the weaker sections have been conducted with a
view to giving them a meaningful role in habitat development. The following are the groups
About 2000 women have been trained in skills such as masonry, terracotta art, prefabrication,
landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Su
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
5
lam Centre gave further impetus to the
International recognition was accorded to Nirmithi when the United Nations Commission for
session in Nairobi in May 1993 adopted a resolution
ents to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the
national, provincial and grass root levels. As the prime mover behind Nirmithi, the director
awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat
Through new lines of action effecting attitudinal changes Nirmithi has become synonymous
cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi
construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aesthetics. To ensure
Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have
specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.
rganised to spread the message
Nirmithi's foray into the field of building construction witnessed a severe shortage of skilled
labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation programmes were
organised in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, landscaping and such other skills related to
Employment oriented training programmes of the Government such as NRY (Nehru Rozgar
implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to
hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990-1995, was
utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes,
having a wide reach, are being conducted through the district, regional and rural centres of
Special training programmes for women and the weaker sections have been conducted with a
development. The following are the groups
About 2000 women have been trained in skills such as masonry, terracotta art, prefabrication,
landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Such
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
programmes have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the
otherwise male dominated construction sector.
b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled
scheduled tribes have been designed keeping in view their limits and constraints. Training has
been imparted to about 775 people belonging to these classes.
c) Mentally Handicapped
Nirmithi has helped open up employment opportunities and thereb
about 200 mentally handicapped youth and is tied up with two institutions working for the
mentally handicapped.
THE APPROACH
The Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon in Kerala is supplemented with the efforts of organizations such
as COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non
voluntary organization that trains masons, artisans, carpenters, architects and engineers in
lowcost constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing
Their projects provide simple layouts, economical house designs, use of locally available
material resources and indigenous construction techniques which reduce material costs and are
labour intensive.
STRATEGIES USED
Two housing colonies developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the
strategies proposed by COSTFORD and the Nirmithi Kendra towards solving the housing crisis
in Kerala. Baker2 construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples
of numerous jali (brick lattice) designs are to be seen at the Nirmithi Kendra in Trichur which
show that a verandah jali may sometimes suffice to lend individuality to a house. It also
demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with r
concrete (RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch
brick jali4, cow dung and fly-
2 Named after the famous architect Laurie Baker who pioneered sustainable ecofriendly
architecture with
brick and mud; and other local materials.3 Technique used for repairing through brickwork and masonry4 Brick lattice 5 Cowdung flooring refers to flooring with the use of cow excreta.
Terminology as the finely divided residue resulting from the c
transported from the firebox through the
plants.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the
dominated construction sector.
b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled
scheduled tribes have been designed keeping in view their limits and constraints. Training has
been imparted to about 775 people belonging to these classes.
Nirmithi has helped open up employment opportunities and thereby meaningfully integrated
about 200 mentally handicapped youth and is tied up with two institutions working for the
The Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon in Kerala is supplemented with the efforts of organizations such
COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non
voluntary organization that trains masons, artisans, carpenters, architects and engineers in
constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing
Their projects provide simple layouts, economical house designs, use of locally available
material resources and indigenous construction techniques which reduce material costs and are
developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the
strategies proposed by COSTFORD and the Nirmithi Kendra towards solving the housing crisis
construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples
of numerous jali (brick lattice) designs are to be seen at the Nirmithi Kendra in Trichur which
show that a verandah jali may sometimes suffice to lend individuality to a house. It also
demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with r
(RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch
-ash flooring5, brick corbelling6, etc have been incorporated in the
the famous architect Laurie Baker who pioneered sustainable ecofriendly
brick and mud; and other local materials.
Technique used for repairing through brickwork and masonry.
Cowdung flooring refers to flooring with the use of cow excreta. Flyash is defined in Cement and
Terminology as the finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered
transported from the firebox through the boiler by flue gases. Flyash is a byproduct of coalfired
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
6
have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the
Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled castes and
scheduled tribes have been designed keeping in view their limits and constraints. Training has
y meaningfully integrated
about 200 mentally handicapped youth and is tied up with two institutions working for the
The Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon in Kerala is supplemented with the efforts of organizations such
COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non-profit
voluntary organization that trains masons, artisans, carpenters, architects and engineers in
constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing projects.
Their projects provide simple layouts, economical house designs, use of locally available
material resources and indigenous construction techniques which reduce material costs and are
developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the
strategies proposed by COSTFORD and the Nirmithi Kendra towards solving the housing crisis
construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples
of numerous jali (brick lattice) designs are to be seen at the Nirmithi Kendra in Trichur which
show that a verandah jali may sometimes suffice to lend individuality to a house. It also
demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with reinforced cement
(RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch-pointing3,
, etc have been incorporated in the
Flyash is defined in Cement and Concrete
ombustion of ground or powdered coal, which is
gases. Flyash is a byproduct of coalfired electric generating
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housing projects. Sometimes, these centres
funicular shells, etc.
Figure 1:BRICK LATTICE Figure
DESIGN AND EXECUTION
The process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate
drawings exist for either of these projects. Most of the construction is based on sketches (and
not on pre-determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefer
innovations onesite by the labourers. The staff members of Nirmithi Kendra and COSTFORD
supervise the onsite development and improvise as and when necessary
Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie
and hence were themselves skilled artisans in brickwork. Some of the labourers who helped
build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilo
ACTIVITIES OF KESNIK
A wide range of projects which are being
CEEF technology which includes projects that span from tribal shelters to the Science Seminar
Complexes, Temples, Churches, University buildings, Public Sector office structures etc.
1. Consultancy services
Nirmithi offers consultancy services in the following thrust areas and undertakes total project
management in:
Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High
Group (HIG).
Residential villas & Farm Houses
Universities and Other Institutions
Seminar and Exhibition Complexes
6 Brick corbelling is brickwork carried out from the face of a wall in projec
a load such as that brought by a wallplate
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Researched and documented by
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Public Administration
Kerala State
housing projects. Sometimes, these centres develop products such as the hollow concrete block,
:BRICK LATTICE Figure 2:BRICK CORBELLING
DESIGN AND EXECUTION
process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate
drawings exist for either of these projects. Most of the construction is based on sketches (and
determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefer
innovations onesite by the labourers. The staff members of Nirmithi Kendra and COSTFORD
supervise the onsite development and improvise as and when necessary.
Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie
and hence were themselves skilled artisans in brickwork. Some of the labourers who helped
build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilo
A wide range of projects which are being by Nirmithi is a proof to the increasing acceptance of
CEEF technology which includes projects that span from tribal shelters to the Science Seminar
Complexes, Temples, Churches, University buildings, Public Sector office structures etc.
Nirmithi offers consultancy services in the following thrust areas and undertakes total project
Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High
Residential villas & Farm Houses
Universities and Other Institutions
Seminar and Exhibition Complexes
Brick corbelling is brickwork carried out from the face of a wall in projecting courses for the purpose of
as that brought by a wallplate or the end of a beam.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
7
p products such as the hollow concrete block,
:BRICK CORBELLING
process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate
drawings exist for either of these projects. Most of the construction is based on sketches (and
determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefers to also allow for
innovations onesite by the labourers. The staff members of Nirmithi Kendra and COSTFORD
Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie Baker's other projects
and hence were themselves skilled artisans in brickwork. Some of the labourers who helped
build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilon.
by Nirmithi is a proof to the increasing acceptance of
CEEF technology which includes projects that span from tribal shelters to the Science Seminar
Complexes, Temples, Churches, University buildings, Public Sector office structures etc.
Nirmithi offers consultancy services in the following thrust areas and undertakes total project
Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High Income
ting courses for the purpose of supporting
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Earthquake resistant houses & rehabilitation colonies
Housing Colonies
Mass Housing scheme for SC beneficiaries
Mass Housing project Under Swiss Development Project
Organizing Training for Artisans & Other Institutions
Production Centers of CEEF
Material Testing Laboratories
2. Housing Guidance Centre
The Technical/Consultancy wing of KESNIK has a Housing Guidance Centre attached to every
Nirmithi Kendra which provides
(CEEF) construction options to the prospective house builder. The various technology options,
the advantages and the cost comparison are explained to the client before the final decisions are
taken by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this
centre.
3. Regional/Rural Nirmithi Kendras
With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary
decentralise the activities of Kerala
demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally
With this objective, Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra has set up
all districts of Kerala. These centres fulfil the
besides providing services such as
training of artisans and unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective
technologies and awareness generation on alternate building materials.
4. Information and Extension Division
The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of
technology through publications including brochures,
CEEF technology, conduct of camps, workshops, seminars, conference
levels of people, Mobile units equipped with audio visual aids
message to remote rural areas etc.
5. Production Centres
Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce
CEEF building materials on a large scale
frames, Ferro cement, water tanks and so on.
Building construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation
construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in
dream home. KESNIK was in the lookout for the promotion
for withholding the construction cost escalation to
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
Earthquake resistant houses & rehabilitation colonies
Mass Housing scheme for SC beneficiaries
Mass Housing project Under Swiss Development Project
ng Training for Artisans & Other Institutions
Material Testing Laboratories
The Technical/Consultancy wing of KESNIK has a Housing Guidance Centre attached to every
Nirmithi Kendra which provides information on the cost effective and environment friendly
(CEEF) construction options to the prospective house builder. The various technology options,
the advantages and the cost comparison are explained to the client before the final decisions are
by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this
Regional/Rural Nirmithi Kendras
With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary
decentralise the activities of Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra to enable it to meet rural
demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally
With this objective, Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra has set up Regional/Rural Kendras in almost
icts of Kerala. These centres fulfil the construction demands of the respective regions
besides providing services such as production cum training. The Rural Kendras focus on the
unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective
awareness generation on alternate building materials.
. Information and Extension Division
The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of
technology through publications including brochures, newsletters, books and
CEEF technology, conduct of camps, workshops, seminars, conference etc to reach out to all
levels of people, Mobile units equipped with audio visual aids - Nirmithi Vahini to take this
message to remote rural areas etc.
Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce
CEEF building materials on a large scale Hollow Concrete Blocks, Concrete door, window
frames, Ferro cement, water tanks and so on.
construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation
construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in
dream home. KESNIK was in the lookout for the promotion indigenous and local
for withholding the construction cost escalation to certain extent.
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
8
The Technical/Consultancy wing of KESNIK has a Housing Guidance Centre attached to every
information on the cost effective and environment friendly
(CEEF) construction options to the prospective house builder. The various technology options,
the advantages and the cost comparison are explained to the client before the final decisions are
by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this
With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary to
State Nirmithi Kendra to enable it to meet rural housing
demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally available materials.
Regional/Rural Kendras in almost
construction demands of the respective regions
production cum training. The Rural Kendras focus on the
unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective building
The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of CEEF
newsletters, books and literature on
etc to reach out to all
Nirmithi Vahini to take this
Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce authentic
Concrete door, window
construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation of
construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in fulfilling their
indigenous and local technology
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As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material
were developed in association with Premier Building Research Institute,
labs. This enabled us in setting up CEEF building material
length and breadth of Kerala. The commonly used
Pre-cast Door / Window frames,
Blocks to name a few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have
been widely accepted by the people in general.
6. Kalavara Fair Price Market for building materials
Nirmithi has set up Kalavara fair price
Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale
materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide
materials at affordable price t
building materials and to make available the same to BPL families at
THE FINANCIAL OUTLAYThere are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementati
housing projects:
DST program (Department of Science and Technology):
programmes for masons in order to create an awareness of cost
technology. Three houses are built during each training
demonstration houses. This scheme has been implemented in Trichur, Palghat and Allepey.
Thirty houses have thus been erected for the low
been selected by the DST.
Laloor housing programme:
through a loan scheme by the Government of Kerala State and built with the help of
COSTFORD and Nirmithi Kendra between June 1987 and June 1988. Each of these 18 houses
has been built at an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the
construction of 250 houses in the Trichur District at the cost of Rs 12000 per house. Selection of
beneficiaries is made by the District Collectorate in Trichur.
The approach promoted direct involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from
government rigidities, coordination of the efforts of government officials, voluntary
organization sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help
was sought from research and development institutions to adapt cost
the local requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost
building materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian B
Standards.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material
were developed in association with Premier Building Research Institute, NGOs and at o
labs. This enabled us in setting up CEEF building material production units throughout the
length and breadth of Kerala. The commonly used CEEF products are Hollow Concrete Blocks,
cast Door / Window frames, Stabilized Mud Blocks, Interlocking Mud Blocks, Rubble Filler
few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have
widely accepted by the people in general.
Kalavara Fair Price Market for building materials
Nirmithi has set up Kalavara fair price markets of building materials at
Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale
materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide
materials at affordable price to the BPL families. This venture is aimed to
building materials and to make available the same to BPL families at affordable prices.
THE FINANCIAL OUTLAY There are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementati
DST program (Department of Science and Technology): This consists of ten training
programmes for masons in order to create an awareness of cost-effective and innovative
technology. Three houses are built during each training programme and stand thereafter as
demonstration houses. This scheme has been implemented in Trichur, Palghat and Allepey.
Thirty houses have thus been erected for the low-income group and the beneficiaries having
rogramme: This programme provided 31 houses; 18 of which were financed
through a loan scheme by the Government of Kerala State and built with the help of
COSTFORD and Nirmithi Kendra between June 1987 and June 1988. Each of these 18 houses
t an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the
construction of 250 houses in the Trichur District at the cost of Rs 12000 per house. Selection of
beneficiaries is made by the District Collectorate in Trichur.
rect involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from
government rigidities, coordination of the efforts of government officials, voluntary
sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help
research and development institutions to adapt cost-effective technologies to
requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost
materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian B
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
9
As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material products
NGOs and at our own
production units throughout the
CEEF products are Hollow Concrete Blocks,
ud Blocks, Rubble Filler
few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have
markets of building materials at Kozhikode,
Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale of building
materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide quality building
curb the price level of
affordable prices.
There are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementation of such
This consists of ten training
effective and innovative
programme and stand thereafter as
demonstration houses. This scheme has been implemented in Trichur, Palghat and Allepey.
income group and the beneficiaries having
This programme provided 31 houses; 18 of which were financed
through a loan scheme by the Government of Kerala State and built with the help of
COSTFORD and Nirmithi Kendra between June 1987 and June 1988. Each of these 18 houses
t an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the
construction of 250 houses in the Trichur District at the cost of Rs 12000 per house. Selection of
rect involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from
government rigidities, coordination of the efforts of government officials, voluntary
sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help
effective technologies to
requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost-effective
materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian Bureau of
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
To combat the shortage of skilled labour familiar with cost
skill upgrading programmes were organized in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, electrification,
landscaping, interior design etc. Some 30
women and as a result, the gender imbalance in the cons
women participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,
conferences and demonstration
established to implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala
became the first state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.
METHODOLOGY The Research Team of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its
effective alternative housing technology in Kerala. The desk research was carried out with the
help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer
Nirmithi Kendra.
KEY STAKEHOLDERS
The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK
organization in the practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly
construction techniques. KESNIK conducts training
artisans to equip them with skill to practice cost effective and environment friendly building
construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for
Corporation) for a building materia
Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative
are well sustained by the Public as well as the Government.
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperati
Development and Cooperation (SDC), recognizing interest and contribution of KESNIK in
CEEF technology decided to take KESNIK into a partnership in a Building Materials Project
(BMP). The first phase of the proje
2002. This was a learning phase in which different models for promoting CEEF technologies
were experimented. The objective of the project was to develop strategies to increase the
availability and accessibility of building materials technologies that:
are energy efficient and environmentally sound
can augment supply of cost effective building materials
create sustainable livelihoods
improve shelter conditions
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
To combat the shortage of skilled labour familiar with cost-effective construction technologies,
skill upgrading programmes were organized in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, electrification,
landscaping, interior design etc. Some 30 - 40 per cent of the trainees in the programmes were
women and as a result, the gender imbalance in the construction sector was reduced and
participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,
and demonstration were used to spread the message. A building centre was
implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala
state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.
eam of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its
effective alternative housing technology in Kerala. The desk research was carried out with the
help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer
KEY STAKEHOLDERS
The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK): Set up in 1989 KESNIK is a pioneering
organization in the practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly
construction techniques. KESNIK conducts training programmes for engineers, architects and
artisans to equip them with skill to practice cost effective and environment friendly building
construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for
Corporation) for a building material project.Started as a pioneering experiment in
Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative
are well sustained by the Public as well as the Government.
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC): In early 2000 the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC), recognizing interest and contribution of KESNIK in
CEEF technology decided to take KESNIK into a partnership in a Building Materials Project
(BMP). The first phase of the project was implemented successfully during July 2000 to June
2002. This was a learning phase in which different models for promoting CEEF technologies
were experimented. The objective of the project was to develop strategies to increase the
cessibility of building materials technologies that:
are energy efficient and environmentally sound
can augment supply of cost effective building materials
create sustainable livelihoods
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
10
effective construction technologies,
skill upgrading programmes were organized in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, electrification,
per cent of the trainees in the programmes were
truction sector was reduced and
participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,
were used to spread the message. A building centre was
implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala
state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.
eam of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its
effective alternative housing technology in Kerala. The desk research was carried out with the
help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer of
): Set up in 1989 KESNIK is a pioneering
organization in the practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly
programmes for engineers, architects and
artisans to equip them with skill to practice cost effective and environment friendly building
construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for Development
l project.Started as a pioneering experiment in the district of
Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative programmes
In early 2000 the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC), recognizing interest and contribution of KESNIK in
CEEF technology decided to take KESNIK into a partnership in a Building Materials Project
ct was implemented successfully during July 2000 to June
2002. This was a learning phase in which different models for promoting CEEF technologies
were experimented. The objective of the project was to develop strategies to increase the
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
LESSONS LEARNEDIt was a challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of
the technologies available in the labs. Various seminars, symposia and workshops were
conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability
new technologies. Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost
effective technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers
and Architects. The organisation has made continuous efforts to ori
of this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house
construction scenario in Kerala and throughout the country.
The lessons derived from this governance practice are:
IMPACT a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the
country.
b) Integration of Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing
building materials etc.
c) Technical soundness of the work programmes, quality of works aesthetics etc based on
feedback from users.
d) Increasing demand and geographical spread of
e) Overall growth in clientele and volume of works.
f) Increasing awareness among the public, professionals & in the media of the Nirmithi
Movement.
Figure 3: School for the hearing impaired at
Source: http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/gall.htm)
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
LESSONS LEARNED challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of
the technologies available in the labs. Various seminars, symposia and workshops were
conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability
Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost
technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers
Architects. The organisation has made continuous efforts to orient people with the benefits
this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house
construction scenario in Kerala and throughout the country.
The lessons derived from this governance practice are:
a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the
Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing
c) Technical soundness of the work programmes, quality of works aesthetics etc based on
d) Increasing demand and geographical spread of works.
e) Overall growth in clientele and volume of works.
f) Increasing awareness among the public, professionals & in the media of the Nirmithi
ol for the hearing impaired at Nagercoil
ource: http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/gall.htm)
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
11
challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of
the technologies available in the labs. Various seminars, symposia and workshops were
conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability of the
Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost
technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers
ent people with the benefits
this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house
a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the
Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing of
c) Technical soundness of the work programmes, quality of works aesthetics etc based on
f) Increasing awareness among the public, professionals & in the media of the Nirmithi
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLEKESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its
without depending on any other financial agencies including the Government. The day to day
expenditure is met from the profits generated from our various construction projects and
training programmes.
UNIQUE APPROACHNirmithi Kendra is the
government agency under Housing
Department, Kerala which propagates
and CEEF. The projects are executed
through its 14 Regional Centers and
District Nirmithi Kendras spread
across the State. It caters to the
housing needs of the people all over
Kerala including the remote areas.
There are Production Centers and
Training Centers attached to each
Regional Center where CEEF
products like hollow concrete
concrete door and window frames are
produced.
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
More than 3000 labourers have
emphasis has given to the training of women. Techniques related to masonry, carpentry,
building material production are
rehabilitation projects in Latur, Bhuj
Kendra. Other rehabilitation projects of
a part of its social commitment to LIGs
material fair price units called KALAVARS throughout Kerala where building materials are
supplied to mainly BPL families at a subsidized
SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY
NKs aim at ensuring active participation of women in all aspects of habitat development. Equal
opportunities are given for both men and women and 50 % of the staff is women. In all the
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE KESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its
without depending on any other financial agencies including the Government. The day to day
expenditure is met from the profits generated from our various construction projects and
UNIQUE APPROACH Nirmithi Kendra is the only
government agency under Housing
propagates
and CEEF. The projects are executed
through its 14 Regional Centers and
Nirmithi Kendras spread
State. It caters to the
of the people all over
including the remote areas.
There are Production Centers and
Training Centers attached to each
Regional Center where CEEF
products like hollow concrete block,
frames are
More than 3000 labourers have been trained in cost effective building technology and special
emphasis has given to the training of women. Techniques related to masonry, carpentry,
building material production are imparted to unemployed youth. Most of the Earthquake
rehabilitation projects in Latur, Bhuj and Tsunami Projects were implemented by Nirmithi
Kendra. Other rehabilitation projects of Government are executed through Nirmithi
a part of its social commitment to LIGs (Low Income Groups). Also Nirmithi has building
material fair price units called KALAVARS throughout Kerala where building materials are
supplied to mainly BPL families at a subsidized rate.
ENDER EQUALITY
NKs aim at ensuring active participation of women in all aspects of habitat development. Equal
opportunities are given for both men and women and 50 % of the staff is women. In all the
Figure 4: One day home for social welfare department,
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
12
KESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its own resources
without depending on any other financial agencies including the Government. The day to day
expenditure is met from the profits generated from our various construction projects and
building technology and special
emphasis has given to the training of women. Techniques related to masonry, carpentry,
imparted to unemployed youth. Most of the Earthquake
and Tsunami Projects were implemented by Nirmithi
Government are executed through Nirmithi Kendra as
(Low Income Groups). Also Nirmithi has building
material fair price units called KALAVARS throughout Kerala where building materials are
NKs aim at ensuring active participation of women in all aspects of habitat development. Equal
opportunities are given for both men and women and 50 % of the staff is women. In all the
ne day home for social welfare department, Trivandrum
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
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trainings, equal priority for both men and women are pro
different skills such as masonry, carpentry, terracotta art, prefabrication, landscaping and other
management development programmes which have reduced gender bias and increase women
participation in the otherwise male
A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE
NKs contribution to the revival of
traditional architecture blending with
modern trends in architecture has been
widely appreciated.
1. Environment friendly:
propagates CEEF which ensures
minimum damage to environment.
Since most of the material
construction is locally
usage of resources like water, air,
and energy can be reduced.
2. Durability of building
CEEF building materials used in the
constructions are being
produced and are tested in testing
labs across the State.
being initiated to start mobile testing
labs where building materials
tested on the site.
3. Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window
frames with concrete doors and window frames.
4. Leak proof roofing: Ferro cement roofing is being practiced.
5. Thermal Comfort: Achieved by using
bond and Hollow block technology for Cavity wall construction.
6. Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.
7. Cost reduction: Achieved by using Cost effective Technologies i
Nirmithi" ceef technology (about 30% saving in cost).
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
trainings, equal priority for both men and women are provided. Trainings are conducted in
different skills such as masonry, carpentry, terracotta art, prefabrication, landscaping and other
management development programmes which have reduced gender bias and increase women
participation in the otherwise male dominated construction sector.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE
NKs contribution to the revival of
traditional architecture blending with
architecture has been
friendly: KESNIK
which ensures
damage to environment.
Since most of the material used in
construction is locally available the
resources like water, air,
energy can be reduced.
Durability of building materials: The
building materials used in the
constructions are being ingeniously
tested in testing
Also steps are
being initiated to start mobile testing
labs where building materials can be
Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window
with concrete doors and window frames.
Leak proof roofing: Ferro cement roofing is being practiced.
: Achieved by using Filler slab technology for roofing and rat trap
bond and Hollow block technology for Cavity wall construction.
Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.
Cost reduction: Achieved by using Cost effective Technologies in construction like
technology (about 30% saving in cost).
Figure 5: EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HOUSES AT LATHUR
IN MAHARASTRA
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
13
vided. Trainings are conducted in
different skills such as masonry, carpentry, terracotta art, prefabrication, landscaping and other
management development programmes which have reduced gender bias and increase women
Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window
Filler slab technology for roofing and rat trap
Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.
n construction like
: EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HOUSES AT LATHUR
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
CONCLUSION The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have
disseminated popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly
building technology in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening
demand- supply gaps in housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was
perceived as, perhaps, the only
housing problem. The project's ability to
needs of the housing sector was another
Training programmes in different skills
different target groups (women,
educational programmes (Masters and
integral part of the project facilitated th
Strategies such as delinking developmental tasks from government rigidities, networking with
likeminded organisations in the country, building awareness camp and demonstrations for
bringing about attitudinal changes, establishment of housing gu
concepts of traditional architecture with the modern were other aspects of the project enabling
its success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be
effectively sustained.
Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created by Research Associate,
For further information, please contact
REFERENCES http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/home.htm
http://www.keralaplanningboard.org/html/Economic%20Review%202006/Chap/Chapter13.pdf
http://www.anangpur.org/nirmithi_kendra.asp
http://www.unhabitat.org/bestpractices/2006/mainview.asp?BPID=1668
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Public Administration
Kerala State
The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have
popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly
in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening
housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was
perceived as, perhaps, the only means to provide an affordable solution to the
housing problem. The project's ability to perceive and plan for human resources developmental
needs of the housing sector was another important factor contributing to project sustainability.
Training programmes in different skills (masonry, carpentry), related to CEEF technology, for
different target groups (women, handicapped, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes etc.) and
educational programmes (Masters and Diplomas in Habitat Technology) organised as an
integral part of the project facilitated these tasks.
Strategies such as delinking developmental tasks from government rigidities, networking with
likeminded organisations in the country, building awareness camp and demonstrations for
bringing about attitudinal changes, establishment of housing guidance centres; and integrating
concepts of traditional architecture with the modern were other aspects of the project enabling
success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be
h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created by Research Associate, Attrika Hazarika
For further information, please contact Rajiv Tikoo, Director, OWFI, at [email protected]
http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/home.htm
http://www.keralaplanningboard.org/html/Economic%20Review%202006/Chap/Chapter13.pdf
anangpur.org/nirmithi_kendra.asp
http://www.unhabitat.org/bestpractices/2006/mainview.asp?BPID=1668
Transparency and Accountability
Case Study Public Administration
State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)
December 2010
14
The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have
popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly (CEEF)
in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening
housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was
means to provide an affordable solution to the country's
perceive and plan for human resources developmental
important factor contributing to project sustainability.
ntry), related to CEEF technology, for
handicapped, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes etc.) and
Diplomas in Habitat Technology) organised as an
Strategies such as delinking developmental tasks from government rigidities, networking with
likeminded organisations in the country, building awareness camp and demonstrations for
idance centres; and integrating
concepts of traditional architecture with the modern were other aspects of the project enabling
success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be
h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team. Attrika Hazarika
http://www.keralaplanningboard.org/html/Economic%20Review%202006/Chap/Chapter13.pdf
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
APPENDIX Questionnaire
1. In what ways are the construction
private or public construction companies?
2. Who is responsible for designing, planning, manpower management and resou