1. INTRODUCTION Kenzo Tange was a Japanese architect &
urban planner. LIFE PERIOD:4 September 1913- 22 march 2005. He was
one of the most significant architects of 20th century ,combining
traditional Japanese styles with modernism. He designed major
building on five continents. Tange was also an influential
protagonist of the structuralist movement.
2. He was influenced by Le Corbusier ,was a master in the use
of reinforced concrete. Kenzo Tanges work marked a revived
awareness of japanese architectural traditions expressed through
contemporary interpretation of architectural form. Tange
demonstrated that a unique regionalism could be Developed,and
recognized,within the circumstance of international style.
3. DESIGN THEORY He was pioneer of movement known as
METABOLISM. METABOLISM arose in Japan after world war 2 ,and much
of work produced by the movement is concerned with housing issues.
In his view, the traditional laws of fixed forms and function were
obsolete. His vision for cities of future inhabited by a mass
society were characterized by a large scale, flexible and
expandable structures that evoked the process of the organic
growth.
4. MAJOR WORKS Hiroshima peace memerial museum ,Hiroshima 1955.
Yoyogi national gymnasium for the 1964 summer olympics, Tokyo. St.
Marys Cathedral (Tokyo Cathedral), Tokyo in 1964. Nanyang
technological university, Singapore 1986 UOB plaza in Singapore in
1992. Fuji television HQ building, Odaiba, Tokyo in 1996. Tokyo
metropolitan government building in 1991.
5. Hiroshima peace memorial museumThe rhythmical facade
comprises vertical elements that repeat outward from centre. Kenzo
tanges own houseit is fused with a more traditional japanese design
that uses timber and paper. The house is based on the traditional
japanese module.
6. IMAGES OF BUILDINGS
7. The most famous work by kenzo tange. Built for the Olympics
in 1964. It is comprised of two buildings. Inspired by the skyline
of the Colosseum in Rome The gymnasium has a capacity of
approximately 16,000 & smaller building can accommodate up
5,300 people Its aerodynamic monumental and suggestive design
became an icon of the japanese capital and a benchmark in the
metabolist movement distancing himself from the international
style.
8. LOCATION The two gym are placed in a landscape platform.
Infact ,despite their monumental size,they give the impression that
the park itself,emphasizing its relationship with the surrounding
environment.
9. CONCEPT Inluenced by Le Corbusiers Philips Pavilion and Eero
Saarinens hockey stadium at Yale University, Tange became intrigued
with structure and its tensile and geometric potential. Tange
employs a central structural spine(two large steel cables) from
where the structure and roof originates. Both axes are arrranged in
an east-west ,which is also the predominant direction of plot
10. THE MAIN GYM The main gym accommodate swimming events,but
also basketball and hocky games. It can accommodate about 10,000
people. The space is organised symetrically,distributing the stands
to the north to south, emphasizing the eastwest direction in both
the roof and the location of entrances.
11. STRUCTURE The structure concept is based on a main spine
that consists of two steel cables of 13 in diameter,anchored to two
slabs of concrete on either end of the building and two structural
towers. Cables describe a parabolic curve (catenary) from which
smaller wires are placed perpendicularly ,to form a tent like
roof.
12. ROOF STRUCTURE The roof over stands ,having different
curvature from that of the cables,generates an elegant and graceful
roofing structure ,whose surface,concave and convex at the same
time ( a mix of parabola and hyperbola) is called a hyperbolic
paraboloid.
13. FACADE Kenzo tange takes advantage of the gap between the
two curves to propose an imposing triangular access,which despite
having a monumental scale,seem to be born of earth,giving the
building a feeling of lightness. Both accesses are preceded by
concourses or squares, which are distinguished from the rest of the
park by small atrium.
14. FACADE Another detail that provides visual lightness to the
structure is graceful cantilevers containing the stands that give
the impression that the building would levitate. These stands also
accommodate the rhythmically arranged opening
15. FACADE The rhythm is also applied at the entrance,where the
V shaped metal structure of different size is displayed in a
dynamic way.
16. MATERIAL & EXTERIOR Tange used concrete, metel and
steel , favourite material of the mid-60s, and exploited the
versatility of these to achieve dynamic and sculptural forms.
17. INTERIOR Tange used the space between the two catenary
arched to allocate a large skylight ,which adds a dramatic effect
within the space . He used a similar system in his St Mary
Cathedral in Tokyo.
18. THE MINOR GYM It has a capacity for 5,300 spectators and
used for minor sports. The space is organized around two non-
concentric circles, and therefore some stands are larger than
opposite,unlike the main gym, this has one structural column and
one single entry.
19. SITE PLAN OF MINOR GYM
20. FACADE A small square precedes the gym, landscaped with a
small Japanese - style pond. As in the other gym, the roof also
seems to be rising from the park. For the smaller gym ,the Japanese
master used the same principal, only instead of using two slabs,
using a single like a gigantic mast.
21. STRUCTURE SHELL
22. TADAO ANDO
23. Tadao ando is a Japanese architect Ando has led a storied
life, working as a truck driver and boxer prior to settling on the
profession of architecture, despite never having taken formal
training in the field.
24. Awards Alvar Aalto Medal, 1985 Pritzker Prize, 1995 RIBA
Royal Gold Medal, 1997 AIA Gold Medal, 2002 Neutra Medal for
Professional Excellence, 2012 Buildings Row House, Sumiyoshi, 1979
Church of the Light, Osaka, 1989 Water Temple, Awaji, 1991 Projects
Rokko Housing I, II, III, Kobe, 1983-1999 Practice : Tadao Ando
Architects & Associates
25. DESIGN PHYLOSOPHY Ando's architectural style is said to
create a "HAIKU" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space to
represent the beauty of simplicity. He favors designing complex
spatial circulation while maintaining the appearance of simplicity.
As a self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and
language tightly in his mind while he travels around Europe for
learning experience. He has used simple geometric shapes in his
design. Tadao Ando's body of work is known for the creative use of
natural light and for architecture that follow the natural forms of
the landscape.
26. Andos buildings are often characterized by complex three
dimensional circulation paths. These paths interweave between
interior and exterior spaces formed both inside large scale
geometric shapes and in the spaces between them.
27. AZUMA HOUSE Row House in Sumiyoshi , also called Azuma
House Azuma House, a small two-story, cast-in-place concrete house
completed in 1976, is an early work that begins to show elements of
his characteristic style.
28. FLOOR PLANS It consists of three equally sized rectangular
volumes: two enclosed volumes of interior spaces separated by an
open court-yard.
29. SECTION
30. VIEWS
31. Chuch of light
32. Building type: Christian church Built : in 1989 Building
area : 113 sq meters. Structure: reinforced concrete The Church of
the Light is a small structure about size of a house. This building
is one of the most famous designs of Tadao ando.
33. CONCEPT The church is seen as a place of retreat where the
outside world is forgotten and the natural world is emphasized in a
rather abstract manner vis-a-vis Andos control of light. use light
in a way that would strengthen the power of religion. This church
beckons the fundamental simplicity of Christianity with its low
tech, yet powerful design.
34. SITE PLAN Church of light(sometimes called Church with
Light") was an annex to an existing minister house & wooden
church later on a Sunday school was built on that site .
35. PLAN The chapel is consists of a rectangular volume of
three cubes (5.9m wide x 17.7m long x 5.9m high) that are punctured
by a wall at a fifteen degree angle that never actually touches the
other wall or ceiling of the chapel. circulation into space is
controlled by the angled wall.
36. MATERIAL Reinforced concrete and wood are the main elements
of construction in the chapel. while the space is primarily defined
by the concrete volume, wood is used for all of the elements that
one engages such as tables, pews and floor. The one element carried
through Tadao Ando's structures is his idolization of the
reinforced concrete wall. The importance given to walls is a
distinct departure from Modernist architecture. They are usually
made of 'in-situ' poured in place concrete. These walls are thick,
solid, massive, and permanent . The main reinforced concrete shell
of the Church of the Light is 15 inches thick.