Overview of
Coastal Paleoseismological Research
at Geological Survey of Japan
Overview of
Coastal Paleoseismological Research
at Geological Survey of Japan
Kenji Satake
National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology
Kenji Satake
National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology
Geological Survey of Japan
The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman EarthquakeThe 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
R BilhamM OrtizK. SiehD. Natawidjaja
Geological Survey of Japan
Coseismic Movement in Andaman Is.Coseismic Movement in Andaman Is.Uplift
Subsidence
Past
Geological Survey of Japan
Marine Terraces on Myanmar coastMarine Terraces on Myanmar coast
-2000200400600800100012001400160018002000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Horizontal Distance, m
Elevation above Mean Tide
Level, cm
Lower Terrace
Middle Terrace
Upper Terrace
13 m
2924±21 yrBP3144±22 yrBP
タンドゥエ市
Uplift rate5-13m/3000 yrs= 2-4 mm/yr
Sittwe
23mm/y
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50 100 150 200 250
Horizontal Distance, m
Elevation above Mean Tide
Level, cm
Upper
Lower 5mWave-cutTerrace
Middle2832±22 yrBP2960±20 yrBP
Socquet et al., 2006
Geological Survey of Japan
Coastal Paleoseismological Study AreasCoastal Paleoseismological Study AreasCoastal Paleoseismological Study Areas
AndamanMyanmar
Nankai+Sagami Tr.
Kuril+Japan Tr.Cascadia
S. Chile
Geological Survey of Japan
Earthquakes in ChileEarthquakes in Chile
1960 tsunami damage in Japan
~AD1100
~AD1300
AD1575
AD1960
Historical Earthquakes
1960 (Mw 9.5, Kanamori)1837 (M 8+, Lomnitz)1737 (M 7½ –8, Lomnitz)1575 (M 8½, Lomnitz) Cisternas et al. (2005 Nature)
Geological Survey of Japan
1700 Cascadia Earthquake (Mw~9)1700 Cascadia Earthquake (Mw~9)
Geological Survey of Japan
Cascadia, Chile and JapanCascadia, Chile and JapanCascadia, Chile and Japan
Geological Survey of Japan
Hokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril Trench
Nanayama et al. (2003, Nature)
Geological Survey of Japan
Hokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril Trench
Nanayama et al. (2003, Nature)
Geological Survey of Japan
Postseismic Slip in 17 centuryPostseismic Slip in 17 century
Sawai et al., 2004
Geological Survey of Japan
AD1611 Keicho AD869 Jogan
Sendai Plain along Japan TrenchSendai Plain along Japan Trench
~2000 yr BP
Tephra(10C)
Tsunamisand
Peat
Geological Survey of Japan
Sagami TroughSagami Trough
Taisho (1923) Kanto Eq.
Interval ~500 yrs1923 (M7.9)1703 (M8.2)
Genroku (1703) Kanto Eq.Interval ~2000 yrs
Shishikura (2003)
Geological Survey of Japan
Shizuoka Prefecture along Nankai Trough
Sedimentary structure of tsunami deposit 1854 Ansei Eq.
1707 Hoei Eq.1680 or 1699 storm1605 Keicho Eq.
1498 Meio Eq.
Survey site
flood and ebb deposits
Geological Survey of Japan
Variability of Subduction Zone Eq.Variability of Subduction Zone Eq.
Geological Survey of Japan
SummarySummary
1. The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Eq. (Mw~9) occurred where only M<8 events were historically recorded.
2. Coastal paleoseismological studies indicate similar variability in eq. size at subduction zones in Chile, Cascadia and Japan (Kuril trench, Sagami and Nankai troughs).
3. The interval of such giant, or multi-segment events are 300 to 500 yrs.
4. More studies are ongoing in Sendai Plain, along Nankai trough, Andaman Islands and Myanmar.
Satake, K. and B.F. AtwaterLong-term perspectives on giant earthquakes and tsunamis at subduction zonesAnnual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2007, in press.
Geological Survey of Japan
Geological Survey of Japan
Impact of Sumatra-Andaman EarthquakeImpact of Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
Geological Survey of Japan
Sagami trough: recurrenceSagami trough: recurrence
2700 y2700 y
2000 y2000 y
2200 y2200 y
Fault A~ 500 yrs for all data
Fault B2000 – 2700 yrs
Shishikura (2003)
Geological Survey of Japan
Nankai TroughNankai Trough
Geological Survey of Japan
Earthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril Trench
Kiritappu Marsh
1952 tsunami
Geological Survey of Japan
Earthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril Trench
1952 tsunami
17th century tsunami deposits
Geological Survey of Japan
Paleoseismological FieldworkPaleoseismological FieldworkSampling by using Geosclicer and peat corer
Tephra(10C)
Tsunamisand
Peat
Geological Survey of Japan
Evidence of past upliftEvidence of past uplift
Level 4 = 214 ± 2.5 cm
Level 6 = 228 ± 2.1 cmLevel 5 = 221 ± 2.1 cm
Level 1 = 153 ± 2.3 cm = 2004.12 Earthquake
Level 3 = 177 ± 6.9 cm
Level 2 = 163 ± 1.5 cm
Height above LLW n=3-11
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