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Kaukaisten kohteiden Doppler-seurantaDoppler tracking of distant targets

Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, Tuomo Kauranne

MATINE seminar, Helsinki, Finland, November 17, 2016

Awarded funding by MATINE 100000eAwarded funding by LUT 67500e

Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 1 / 26

Motivation

Table of Contents

1 Motivation

2 Recorded data types

3 Coverage area of the system

4 Tracking capabilities

5 Antennas and equipment

6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects

7 Conclusions and future goals


Motivation

Ultimate goal

createDoppler Aircraft Tracking System

by utilising available transmitters of opportunityand

receivers by radio amateurs.


Motivation

Objectives

List of objectives:

Use Doppler shift seen at many receivers to find and locate aircraft

Determine aircraft size

Find the potential coverage area of such a multi-point radar system


Motivation

Objectives

List of objectives:

Test tracking accuracy with multiple simultaneous receivers

See if high-flying ballistic objects or military aircraft can be seen and located

Test affordable receiver setups


Motivation

Bistatic radar

Forward-scatter signalstrength is better thanthe backscatterresponse ofconventional radar.

Bistatic scatter ismore variable butoften better thanbackscatter. Direct path

Baseline L = dTR

Ech

opa

th

dAR

Illumina

tion pa

th

dTA

γ

Vc

δ

β/2

T R

Aβ Bistatic angleδ Aspect angleVc Cruise velocity


Recorded data types

Table of Contents

1 Motivation








Recorded data types

flightradar24.com (FR24)/Radio Signal Data (RSD)


Recorded data types

Recorded Radio Signal Data

-84.9 49750000 +84.720:13:42

20:46:29

21:19:16

21:52:03

22:24:51

frequency / Hz

2012-07-11


Coverage area of the system

Table of Contents

1 Motivation









Examples of bistatic coverage area

Four-element horizontal dipolearray at about 14m above ground,horizon of 370 km for aircraft atcruising altitude of 10 km;

Power of the Saint Petersburgtransmitter 149 kW;

Aircraft detections range up to thehorizon.

JH,D4E

S

A33

2FA

7XB

77W

A38

8B

772

GLF

6A

333

B74

4B

77L

A34

3A

319

B78

9B

788

A35

9B

E9L

SU

95AT

76A

320

E19

0B

735

GLF

5B

748

0

10

20

30



Examples of bistatic coverage area

Rotatable horizontal four-elementYagi, height of about 9m abovethe ground, horizon of 368 km foraircraft at cruising altitude of10 km;

Power of the Nyandomatransmitter 5 kW;

Aircraft detections range up toand partially beyond the horizon.

MR,Y6E

N

F10

0B

748

GLF

5B

744

B73

8A

333

B76

3B

788

A32

0B

77W

A38

8B

772

A34

3A

332

B77

L

0

10

20

30



Overall coverage map of the system

Coverage map created out of every dis-covered plane with use of the system.

The system includes 5 antennas locatedat 3 different locations and 3 transmit-ters: Nyandoma, Saint Petersburg andArkhangelsk.

The total coverage area of 241 091 km2.

FA7X

B77

WB

772

GLF

6A

333

A33

2A

388

A34

3B

788

B77

LA

319

B74

4B

789

A35

9B

E9L

SU

95AT

76A

320

B74

8F10

0G

LF5

B73

8B

763

E19

0B

735

0

50


Tracking capabilities

Table of Contents

1 Motivation









Estimated trajectory of aircraft

FR24

RSD

Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.



Estimated trajectory of aircraft

20:18:43

1.03km

20:19:03

1.35km

20:19:13

0.345km

20:19:25

1.121km

20:19:38

1.542km

20:19:51

1.033km

20:21:00

0.245km

FR24

RSD

Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.


Antennas and equipment

Table of Contents

1 Motivation









LUT Antenna

Six element Yagi antenna lo-cated on the roof of LUT build-ing. It was raised on September,already operational with novelRaspberry Pi and FM stick re-ceiver.



LUT Antenna

Tuning of the LUT antenna tomaximise reception.



LUT Antenna

Raspberry Pi with radio stick.



Mauno’s Antenna

Six element Yagi antennamounted on the side of house ofone of the contributors. Raisedon May as a replacement for anold four element Yagi. West ofJoensuu.


High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects

Table of Contents

1 Motivation









High Flying Objects (HFO)

Cosmodrom in Plesetsk was watched closely forthe last year regarding launches of HFO.

Date Configuration CargoJune 4 Rockot GEO-IK 2May 29 Soyuz-2.1b Glonass M

March 24 Soyuz-2.1a Bars-MFebruary 16 Rockot Sentinel 3AFebruary 7 Soyuz-2.1b Glonass M

None of the launches were visible in a form ofDoppler curve.



Highly Manoeuvring Objects (HMO)

HMO such as jets are visible from Joen-suu and Pielinen nodes as well as fromLUT node. The location of the HMOwas estimated to be over the North Pieli-nen and lake Ladoga regions.

(a)

(b)


Conclusions and future goals

Table of Contents

1 Motivation









Conclusions

The efficiency of presented methods was validated;

The research group enhanced the equipment choice by exploiting RaspberryPi and FM stick as a operational receiving core;

The research resulted in three journal papers, from which two appeared inthis year, and three conference papers;



Further use and exploitation

To enlarge the number of receiving nodes and conduct trials on the nationalscale;

To enhance communication between nodes and server with open sourcesoftware;

To equip new nodes with reliable and affordable Raspberry Pi solution;

To enhance existing tracking algorithm with possibility to track highlymanoeuvring object (military aircraft);



References I

Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne. “Analternative way of tracking aircraft based on VHF band Doppler effectphenomenon”. In: Proceedings of The International Society of Air SafetyInvestigators, ISASI 2016 Conference. The International Society of AirSafety Investigators (ISASI). Reykjavik, Iceland, 2016.

Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne.“Instantaneous doppler signature extraction from within a spectrogramimage of a VHF band”. In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and ElectronicSystems 52.2 (Apr. 2016), pp. 576–589. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2015.150077.

Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne. “Aircraftclassification based on radar cross section of long-range trajectories”. In:IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51.4 (Oct. 2015),pp. 3099–3106. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2015.150139.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2015.150077



References II

Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne.“Long-distance multistatic aircraft tracking with VHF frequency dopplereffect”. In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50.3(July 2014), pp. 2242–2252. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2014.130246.

