1
By Jim By Jim FaingesFainges
Jim Fainges draftsman
• Adapted from a Modelling the Railways ofQueensland Convention presentation[Lynn Zelmer, Editor & CaneSIG Coordinator]
• Many of Jim's drawings available online fromthe CaneSIG web site:http://www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
2
Photogrammetry
• It's a technique for developing reasonabledrawings when no others exist
• Caution: dimensions, when given, may be'slippery' as usually only one or two criticaldimensions are known, and even those mayhave been estimated (eg scaled from distancebetween rails) or hard to scale (eg wheeldiameter)
Commonwealth Handbook
• Handbook ofHeritage Photo-grammetry: atechnical resourcefor heritageprofessionals
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
3
Formula
• Full of facts andcomplicatedformula essentialto producedrawings fromphotos
• Bull!!!
Stage 1• Have desired
photographenlarged
• Mount on adrawingboard
• Align theverticals
• Cover withtracing paper
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
4
Stage 2• Draw boxes
using edges• Draw
diagonals
Stage 3• Draw
verticals andhorizontals
• Then morediagonals
• Continueverticals andhorizontals
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
5
Stage 4
• And more ofthe same
• Note not allspaces needfilling
Stage 5
• Keep on tillareas aredivided intoeven spaces
• Then removediagonals
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
6
Stage 6• Draw in
details• Remove
tracing fromphoto
• Leavingdrawing ongrid
Stage 8
• Layoutgrid toscale
• Plot in thedrawing
• Removegrid
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
7
Stage 9• Transfer to
plan• NOTE the
plan of thePerryexisted onlycab tanksand stackwerechanged
Simple geometry 1
• Finding thecenter of a line
• Scribe two arcslonger thanhalfway andconnect points
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
8
Simple Geometry 2• Dividing a line
into equal parts• Draw a line at an
angle to linedivide intonumber needed
• Connect end oflines and drawrest parallel
Drawing from non parallel shape• Photos taken
from low anglesdistort
• These can becorrected
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
9
Odd shapes 1Mount as beforeFix outline and divide intohalvesDraw diagonalsNote the center ofdiagonals is not the centerof outside divisionDraw lines parallel withouter divisions
Odd Shapes 2• Continue
diagonals anddraw connectinglines at theirintersections
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
10
Odd Shapes 3• The process
continues wheredetail is required
• Note any knowndimensions
Odd Shapes 4
• Subdividewhere moredetail isrequired
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
11
Odd shapes 5• Proceed as
before inmaking grid toknowndimensions andproceed to plotdrawing
Some Tools of the Trade 1• SCALE RULE• Made from 6 mm ply to
dimensions shown• Paint scale BLACK on
one side and RED on theother
• NOTICE the dimensionsare in IMPERIAL
• But a scale can be madein METRIC if required
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
12
Scale rule 2• Join
sectionswith boltsand nutswith awasherbetweeneach part
More Tools of the Trade
• INCLINOMETER• Used to measure
heights• Cut parts as shown• Scale can be
photocopied• Construction is as
shown
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
13
Inclinometer in use 1• Sight on an
object or featureand record angleProceed asindicatedIt is a good ideato know how highyour eyes arefrom the ground
Inclinometer 2
• Height ofobject canbe obtainedby diagramorcalculation
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
14
St Mathews Grovely
• Here I usedtheinclinometerfor height ofgables andeaves alsothe height ofbell tower
Using the scale rule
• Here therule isindicatingthe heightof fasciaand gutteron vestry
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
15
Sample Plan• Side
elevationof StMatthewsoriginal isdrawn at1:87
Computer-Aided
• Jim's photogrammetry drawing techniques canalso be used with computer-based drawing tools
• Photoshop's 'layers', for example, can take theplace of tracing paper. Diagonals can be drawnon a separate layer, or in a unique colour,making it easy to delete them at Stages 5-6.Similar techniques can work with many photoor drawing tools. [Lynn Zelmer, Editor & CaneSIG Coordinator]
Jim Fainges: Scale Drawings from Photographs
www.zelmeroz.com/CaneSIG © 2007-2011
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