Jesus in the Qur’anJesus in the Qur’anand Islamic Traditionand Islamic Tradition

Presentation by Presentation by Vernon K. RobbinsVernon K. Robbins

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Jesus in the Qur’anJesus in the Qur’an

and Islamic Traditionand Islamic TraditionPresentation by Presentation by

Vernon K. RobbinsVernon K. Robbins

Basic InformationBasic Information570 AD: Muhammad’s birth570 AD: Muhammad’s birthPlace: Mecca, Saudi ArabiaPlace: Mecca, Saudi ArabiaLearned trading from Uncle Abu TalibLearned trading from Uncle Abu Talib595 AD: Married Khadijah: rich widow595 AD: Married Khadijah: rich widow Took a month retreat yearly near Mt. HiraTook a month retreat yearly near Mt. Hira610 AD: First revelation of Qur’an 610 AD: First revelation of Qur’an 40 yrs old: month retreat Ramadan40 yrs old: month retreat Ramadan622 AD: Hijrah from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina622 AD: Hijrah from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina Islamic State and ConstitutionIslamic State and Constitution632 AD: Death of Muhammad632 AD: Death of Muhammad

Earliest Revelation: 96:1-5Earliest Revelation: 96:1-5

In the name of thy Lord who created.In the name of thy Lord who created.Created man from a clot.Created man from a clot.And thy Lord is the Most Bounteous,And thy Lord is the Most Bounteous,Who taught by the pen,Who taught by the pen,Taught man that which he knew not.Taught man that which he knew not.

JewsJewsin Muhammad’s Lifein Muhammad’s Life

Jews were present in Mecca, before Jews were present in Mecca, before Muhammad went to Medina.Muhammad went to Medina.

Many Jewish tribes were present at Medina.Many Jewish tribes were present at Medina.Some Jewish tribes of Medina opposed Some Jewish tribes of Medina opposed

Muhammad.Muhammad.In the Constitution of Medina, Jews were In the Constitution of Medina, Jews were

included in Muhammad’s community as included in Muhammad’s community as long as they contributed to the welfare of long as they contributed to the welfare of the community.the community.

ChristiansChristiansin Muhammad’s Lifein Muhammad’s Life

While a young man traveling as a trader, Muhammad While a young man traveling as a trader, Muhammad had conversations with Christian monks and hermits.had conversations with Christian monks and hermits.

Muhammad’s wife Khadijah had a cousin Waraqa, who Muhammad’s wife Khadijah had a cousin Waraqa, who became a Christian and influenced Muhammad.became a Christian and influenced Muhammad.

Christians are mentioned in Qur’an revelations only after Christians are mentioned in Qur’an revelations only after Muhammad moved to Medina.Muhammad moved to Medina.

In the Constitution of Medina, Christians were included In the Constitution of Medina, Christians were included alongside Jews as people who receive protection if alongside Jews as people who receive protection if they were peaceful with Muhammad’s community.they were peaceful with Muhammad’s community.

JesusJesusin the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Jesus (Isa): 25 times in the Qur’anJesus (Isa): 25 times in the Qur’anQ 2:87: And verily We gave unto Moses Q 2:87: And verily We gave unto Moses

the Scripture and We caused a train of the Scripture and We caused a train of messengers to follow after him, messengers to follow after him,

and We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear and We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of God’s sovereignty), and We proofs (of God’s sovereignty), and We supported him with the Holy Spirit. supported him with the Holy Spirit.

Jesus among the Prophets Jesus among the Prophets in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Q 2:136: Say (O Muslims): We believe in God and Q 2:136: Say (O Muslims): We believe in God and what is revealed unto us and what was what is revealed unto us and what was revealed unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and revealed unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes,

and what Moses and Jesus received, and what and what Moses and Jesus received, and what the prophets received from their Lord.the prophets received from their Lord.

We make no distinction between any of them, We make no distinction between any of them, and unto Him we have surrendered.and unto Him we have surrendered.

The Ancestors of JesusThe Ancestors of Jesusin the New Testamentin the New Testament

Paul’s Letter to the Romans 1:3-4Paul’s Letter to the Romans 1:3-4Jesus ChristJesus Christ

Descended from David Descended from David according to the flesh according to the flesh

Declared to be Son of God with powerDeclared to be Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness according to the spirit of holiness by resurrection from the dead by resurrection from the dead

Family Genealogies Family Genealogies in the New Testamentin the New Testament

Gospel of Matthew 1Gospel of Matthew 1

Gospel of Luke 3Gospel of Luke 3

The Ancestors of JesusThe Ancestors of Jesusin Gospel of Matthew 1:1-17in Gospel of Matthew 1:1-17

Abraham (Jesus is Son of Abraham)Abraham (Jesus is Son of Abraham) toto

David (Jesus is Son of David)David (Jesus is Son of David) throughthrough

Joseph, Son of David (Matt 1:20)Joseph, Son of David (Matt 1:20)

Mary has no family line in Matthew!Mary has no family line in Matthew!

The Ancestors of JesusThe Ancestors of Jesusin Gospel of Luke 3:23-38in Gospel of Luke 3:23-38

Adam, son of God Adam, son of God (Jesus is Son of God: Luke 3:22; 4:3, 9)(Jesus is Son of God: Luke 3:22; 4:3, 9)

AbrahamAbraham David (Jesus is Son of David)David (Jesus is Son of David)

Luke 1:32; 18:38-39Luke 1:32; 18:38-39 Joseph, father of Jesus, as was supposedJoseph, father of Jesus, as was supposed

Luke 3:23 Luke 3:23

Information about Jesus Information about Jesus in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

The Qur’an has no information from the The Qur’an has no information from the Gospel of Matthew. Gospel of Matthew.

Jesus information in the Qur’an is related Jesus information in the Qur’an is related to the Gospels of Luke and John only.to the Gospels of Luke and John only.

Only Luke has Zechariah and Elizabeth, Only Luke has Zechariah and Elizabeth, parents of John the Baptist, whom the parents of John the Baptist, whom the Qur’an knows.Qur’an knows.

Angel Gabriel and Jesus Angel Gabriel and Jesus in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

In Luke, the angel Gabriel comes and In Luke, the angel Gabriel comes and speaks first to Zechariah in the temple and speaks first to Zechariah in the temple and second to Mary at her home.second to Mary at her home.

From a Muslim perspective, when the From a Muslim perspective, when the angel Gabriel brought God’s words to angel Gabriel brought God’s words to Zechariah and Mary, these were “Quranic” Zechariah and Mary, these were “Quranic” moments in history.moments in history.

Gabriel “recites” God’s wordsGabriel “recites” God’s wordsto Special People throughout Historyto Special People throughout History Six hundred years later, the same Gabriel Six hundred years later, the same Gabriel

brought words of God to Muhammad. brought words of God to Muhammad. These words are “Qur’an” (“the recitation” These words are “Qur’an” (“the recitation”

[al-Qur’an] of God’s words). [al-Qur’an] of God’s words). There are 114 chapters of God’s words to There are 114 chapters of God’s words to

Muhammad in the Qur’an, revealed by Muhammad in the Qur’an, revealed by angels (most often “Gabriel”).angels (most often “Gabriel”).

Mary and Her FamilyMary and Her Familyin the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Chapter 19 in the Qur’an has the title “Mary.”Chapter 19 in the Qur’an has the title “Mary.” It focuses on Mary, the mother of Jesus.It focuses on Mary, the mother of Jesus. Chapter 3 in the Qur’an has the title “Family of Chapter 3 in the Qur’an has the title “Family of

Imran.”Imran.” In Muslim tradition, Imran is the father of Mary.In Muslim tradition, Imran is the father of Mary. The name “Imran” is the Arabic of “Amram,” the The name “Imran” is the Arabic of “Amram,” the

name of the father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam name of the father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam (Maryam or Mary) in the Old Testament.(Maryam or Mary) in the Old Testament.

Mary, Mother of Jesus,Mary, Mother of Jesus,in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Mary’s name occurs 34 times in the Qur’anMary’s name occurs 34 times in the Qur’an Mary’s name occurs 19 times in the New Mary’s name occurs 19 times in the New

Testament (fewer than the Qur’an)Testament (fewer than the Qur’an) Reason: 21 of the 25 times in the Qur’an Jesus Reason: 21 of the 25 times in the Qur’an Jesus

is called Jesus son of Mary is called Jesus son of Mary Mary is the only “named” woman in the Qur’an. Mary is the only “named” woman in the Qur’an.

Seven others are “wife of …” [e.g., Noah]. Seven others are “wife of …” [e.g., Noah].

The Qur’an also knowsThe Qur’an also knowsthe Infancy Gospel of James the Infancy Gospel of James

(200 AD Christian Gospel)(200 AD Christian Gospel) Extends Luke before the birth of John the Extends Luke before the birth of John the

Baptist back to the birth of Mary to Anna.Baptist back to the birth of Mary to Anna. As a child, Mary is kept in a holy bedroom As a child, Mary is kept in a holy bedroom

like a small place of worship. like a small place of worship. Mary is placed in the Jerusalem Temple at Mary is placed in the Jerusalem Temple at

age three (like Samuel) to be kept holy.age three (like Samuel) to be kept holy.

Infancy Gospel of James cont. Infancy Gospel of James cont.

In Infancy James, Zechariah the father of In Infancy James, Zechariah the father of John the Baptist is High Priest of the Temple John the Baptist is High Priest of the Temple when Mary is there.when Mary is there.

Mary is taken out of the Temple at age 12 Mary is taken out of the Temple at age 12 so she will not pollute it with her blood flow.so she will not pollute it with her blood flow.

Mary is assigned to Joseph who already has Mary is assigned to Joseph who already has sons (James, Joses, Jude).sons (James, Joses, Jude).

The Qur’an never refersThe Qur’an never refersto Joseph, husband of Mary to Joseph, husband of Mary

The Qur’an never refers to New Testament The Qur’an never refers to New Testament Joseph (only Old Testament Joseph: Q 12).Joseph (only Old Testament Joseph: Q 12).

Therefore, in the Qur’an Jesus is never Therefore, in the Qur’an Jesus is never “son of Joseph.”“son of Joseph.”

Jesus is only “son of Mary” in the Qur’an.Jesus is only “son of Mary” in the Qur’an.

God said, “Be,” God said, “Be,” to Create both Adam and Jesus to Create both Adam and Jesus

3:59: Lo! the likeness of Jesus with 3:59: Lo! the likeness of Jesus with God is as the likeness of Adam. God is as the likeness of Adam.

He created him out of dust, then God He created him out of dust, then God said to him: “Be!” and he is.said to him: “Be!” and he is.

The Angels gave God’s wordThe Angels gave God’s word to Mary, and it was Jesus! to Mary, and it was Jesus!

3:45: And remember when the angels said: 3:45: And remember when the angels said: “O Mary! Lo! God gives you glad tidings of “O Mary! Lo! God gives you glad tidings of a word from him, whose name is the a word from him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary,

illustrious in the world and the Hereafter, illustrious in the world and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near to God.”and one of those brought near to God.”

In the Qur’an In the Qur’an God’s word in Mary is JesusGod’s word in Mary is Jesus

Notice the relation of the Gospel of John, “In Notice the relation of the Gospel of John, “In the beginning was the Word,” the beginning was the Word,”

and the Gospel of Luke, where Mary says to and the Gospel of Luke, where Mary says to the angel, “Let it be with me according to the angel, “Let it be with me according to your word” (Luke 1:38).your word” (Luke 1:38).

Who is Mary Who is Mary in the Qur’an? in the Qur’an?

Q 66:12: And Mary daughter of Imran Q 66:12: And Mary daughter of Imran (Amram), whose body was chaste, (Amram), whose body was chaste, therefore We breathed into her therefore We breathed into her something of Our Spirit. And she put something of Our Spirit. And she put faith in the words of her Lord and His faith in the words of her Lord and His scriptures, and was of the obedient.scriptures, and was of the obedient.

Who is Mary Who is Mary in the Qur’an? in the Qur’an?

Q 19:28: O [Mary], sister of Aaron! Q 19:28: O [Mary], sister of Aaron! Your father was not a wicked man nor Your father was not a wicked man nor was your mother a harlot. was your mother a harlot.

Mary is “holy,” of the family of Moses, Mary is “holy,” of the family of Moses, Aaron the priest, and Maryam their Aaron the priest, and Maryam their sister.sister.

Mary, Mother of Jesus,Mary, Mother of Jesus,in Gospel of Lukein Gospel of Luke

Mary is a relative of Elizabeth, Zechariah’s wifeMary is a relative of Elizabeth, Zechariah’s wife

(Luke 1:36)(Luke 1:36)

Elizabeth is “a daughter of Aaron” (Luke 1:5)Elizabeth is “a daughter of Aaron” (Luke 1:5)

Moses appointed his brother Aaron and his Moses appointed his brother Aaron and his

sons as priests (Exodus 28:1)sons as priests (Exodus 28:1)

The Name Mary, The Name Mary, Mother of JesusMother of Jesus

Moses and Aaron have a sister named MiriamMoses and Aaron have a sister named Miriam Miriam, Mariam, and Maryam are the same Miriam, Mariam, and Maryam are the same

name in Hebrew and Greekname in Hebrew and Greek Mary’s name (Maryam) is a family name of Mary’s name (Maryam) is a family name of

Moses and AaronMoses and Aaron Amram is the father of Moses, Aaron, and Amram is the father of Moses, Aaron, and

Maryam in the Old Testament (Num 26:59)Maryam in the Old Testament (Num 26:59)

Mary, Mother of Jesus,Mary, Mother of Jesus,in Gospel of Lukein Gospel of Luke

Zechariah, Elizabeth’s husband, Zechariah, Elizabeth’s husband, is of the family of priest Abijah (Luke 1:5),is of the family of priest Abijah (Luke 1:5),

grandson of Aaron grandson of Aaron Mary’s relatives have a priestly ancestryMary’s relatives have a priestly ancestry

through Aaronthrough Aaron Mary has “priestly blood-line” from AaronMary has “priestly blood-line” from Aaron Mary is “holy”Mary is “holy”

Gospels of Luke and JohnGospels of Luke and JohnBlend together in the Qur’anBlend together in the Qur’an

In the Qur’an, Jesus as “the Word” in the In the Qur’an, Jesus as “the Word” in the Gospel of John Gospel of John

and Jesus as “the word of glad tidings” in and Jesus as “the word of glad tidings” in the Gospel of Luke, which Gabriel brings to the Gospel of Luke, which Gabriel brings to Mary, blend together.Mary, blend together.

Gabriel brought the word “Be” from God to Gabriel brought the word “Be” from God to Mary, and Jesus was in the womb of Mary Mary, and Jesus was in the womb of Mary to be born in the world.to be born in the world.

JesusJesusin the Quranin the Quran

In the Qur’an, Jesus is “the Word” from In the Qur’an, Jesus is “the Word” from God that came to Mary, mother of Jesus.God that came to Mary, mother of Jesus.

The word of God to Mary was “Gospel” The word of God to Mary was “Gospel” (“Injil” in Arabic = “Evangel”).(“Injil” in Arabic = “Evangel”).

In the Qur’an, Jesus alone of all In the Qur’an, Jesus alone of all Prophet/Messengers heals and raises the Prophet/Messengers heals and raises the dead.dead.

Jesus Heals and Raises DeadJesus Heals and Raises Deadin the Quran (cf. Luke)in the Quran (cf. Luke)

Al-Imran 3:49 Luke 7: 22 (Matt 11:4)

I heal him who was born blind, and the leper, and I raise the dead, with God’s permission.

Jesus answered them, "Go and tell John the things which you have seen and heard: that the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them.

Jesus “Plays Creation”Jesus “Plays Creation”as a 5 year old Boyas a 5 year old Boy

Al-Imran 3:49 Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2And will make him a messenger unto the Children of Israel, (saying): Lo! I come unto you with a sign from your Lord. Lo! I fashion for you out of clay the likeness of a bird, and I breathe into it and it is a bird, with God’s permission.

Again, he took of the clay which came of that pool and made from it twelve sparrows… Joseph his father said to him: “Why have you done this which is not right to do on the Sabbath?” But Jesus opened his hands and commanded the sparrows, saying, “Go forth into the sky and fly. You shall not meet death at any man’s hands.” And they flew and began to call out and praise Almighty God.

Compare Gospel of John with Compare Gospel of John with Infancy Thomas and the Qur’anInfancy Thomas and the Qur’an

In John, “the Word” (Jesus) causes “all In John, “the Word” (Jesus) causes “all things to come into being through him,”things to come into being through him,”

and “what came into being through him and “what came into being through him was life” (John 1:3-4).was life” (John 1:3-4).

In Infancy Gospel of Thomas and Qur’an, In Infancy Gospel of Thomas and Qur’an, Jesus as a five year old boy causes birds to Jesus as a five year old boy causes birds to come into being and have life. come into being and have life.

In the Qur’anIn the Qur’anJesus Speaks from the CradleJesus Speaks from the Cradle

Al-Imran 3:46 Arabic Infancy Gospel 1

He will speak unto mankind in his cradle and in his manhood.

Jesus spoke, and, indeed, when He was lying in His cradle said to Mary His mother: “I am Jesus, the Son of God, the Logos [John 1], whom thou hast brought forth, as the Angel Gabriel announced to thee [Luke 1]; and my Father has sent me for the salvation of the world.”

Jesus Speaks from the CradleJesus Speaks from the Cradle

We should expect, should we not, that We should expect, should we not, that “the Word” would be able to speak as “the Word” would be able to speak as soon as he was born? soon as he was born?

Once again, “the Word” from the Gospel of Once again, “the Word” from the Gospel of John blends with “the word Gabriel John blends with “the word Gabriel brought to Mary” in the Gospel of Luke.brought to Mary” in the Gospel of Luke.

The Gospel of JohnThe Gospel of Johnand the Quranand the Quran

In addition to Jesus as “the Messenger In addition to Jesus as “the Messenger Word of the Gospel” in the Qur’an, various Word of the Gospel” in the Qur’an, various verses in Qur’an have a relation to the verses in Qur’an have a relation to the Gospel of John.Gospel of John.

John 17 (Jesus’ High Priestly Prayer) has an John 17 (Jesus’ High Priestly Prayer) has an important relation to the final verses of important relation to the final verses of Chapter 5 in the Quran.Chapter 5 in the Quran.

Quran 5:116 John 10:33

And when God said: “O Jesus, son of Mary! Did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother for two gods beside God?”

The Jews answered, “It is not for a good work that we are going to stone you, but for blasphemy, because you, though only a human being, are making yourself God.”

Quran 5:116

Jesus said: “Be glorified!”

John 17:1, 4 Jesus looked up to heaven and said, “Father, the hour has come, glorify your Son, that your Son also may glorify you.… I glorified you on earth by finishing the work that you gave me to do.”

Quran 5:116

“It was not mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it, then you know it.”

John 17:7-8

“They know that everything you have given me is from you; for the words you gave to me I have given to them.”

Quran 5:116

“You know what is in my mind, and I do not know what is in your Mind. Lo! you, only you, are the Knower of Things Hidden.”

John 17:25-26 “Righteous Father, the world does not know you, but I know you; and these know that you have sent me. I made your name known to them, and I will make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them.”

Quran 5:117

“I spoke to them only that which you commanded to me, ‘Worship God, my Lord and your Lord.’”

John 17:8, 3

“The words you gave to me I have given to them.

And this is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God.”

Quran 5:117

“I was a witness of them while I dwelt among them.”

John 17:12

“While I was with them, I protected them in your name that you have given me. I guarded them, and not one of them was lost except the one destined to be lost, so that the scripture might be fulfilled.”

Quran 5:117

“And when you took me you were the Watcher over them.”

John 17:11, 15

“And now I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you.” “Holy Father,protect them in your name that you have given me, so that they may be one, as we are one… I am not asking you to take them out of the world, but I ask you to protect them from the evil one.”

Quran 5:117

“You are Witness over all things.”

John 5:37; 8:18

“The Father who sent me has himself witnessed on my behalf.” “I witness on my own behalf, and the Father who sent me witnesses on my behalf.”

Quran 5:118

“If you punish them, lo! they are your slaves, and if you forgive them (lo! they are your slaves). Lo! you, only you, are the Mighty, the Wise.”

(NO AUDIO)

John 15:6-7

“Whoever does not abide in me is thrown away like a branch and withers; such branches are gathered, thrown into the fire, and burned. If you abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask for whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.”

Quran 5:119

God said: “This is a day in which their truthfulness profits the truthful.”

John 17:17

“Sanctify them through your truth: your word is truth.”

Quran 5:119

“Theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they are secure for ever.”

John 15:5; 4:14

“I am the vine, you are the branches. Those who abide in me and I in them bear much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing.” “The water that I will give will become in them a spring of water gushing up to eternal life.”

Quran 5:119

“God taking pleasure in them and they in Him. That is the great triumph.”

John 17:13

“But now I am coming to you, and I speak these things in the world so that they may have my joy made complete in themselves.”

Acts of John 95Acts of John 95And when he was hung upon the cross on Friday, at

the sixth hour of the day there came a darkness over the whole earth.

And my Lord stood in the middle of the cave and gave light to it and said, "John, for the people below in Jerusalem I am being crucified and pierced with lances and reeds and given vinegar and gall to drink.

But to you I am speaking, and listen to what I speak… I suffered none of the things they will say of me…

Quran 4:157-158 Acts of John 95

And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so to them; … But God took him up to Himself. God was ever Mighty, Wise.

… I am not the man who is upon that cross. I whom now you do not see but only hear my voice… Therefore ignore the many and despise those who are outside of the mystery; for you must know that I am wholly with the Father, and the Father with me. I have suffered none of those things which they will say of me... I will that it be called a mystery… What I am is known to me alone, and no one else.”

Jesus Stories Jesus Stories in Islamic Traditionin Islamic Tradition

The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories

in Islamic Literature.in Islamic Literature. Edited and Edited and

translated by Tarif Khalidi (Cambridge: translated by Tarif Khalidi (Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 2001).Harvard University Press, 2001).

Contains 303 stories and sayings Contains 303 stories and sayings

focused on Jesus.focused on Jesus.

Khalidi 38 (p. 74): Whenever the Hour was mentioned, Jesus used to cry out in anguish like a woman.

John 16:21: “When a woman is in labor, she has pain, because her hour has come. But when her child is born, she no longer remembers the anguish because of the joy of having brought a human being into the world.”

Khalidi 39 (p. 39): Jesus met John and said to him, “Admonish me.” John said, “Avoid feeling anger.” Jesus said, “This I cannot do.”

Luke 12:49 only: [Jesus said,] “I came to bring fire to the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled!”

John said, “Do not own any wealth.” Jesus said, “As for this – it is possible.”

Luke 9:58 (Matt 8:20): And Jesus said to him, “Foxes have holes, and birds of the air have nests; but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head.”

Both The Qur’an and The Muslim Jesus contain additional stories and sayings focused on Jesus, which are not in this Power Point presentation.

But these have been shown so that you may understand the nature of Jesus in the Qur’an and Islamic tradition,

and that through this understanding you may lead a better life in this world.

That’s all!That’s all!

Many thanks for Many thanks for your close your close attention!attention!

(NO AUDIO)(NO AUDIO)

Khalidi 4 (p. 53): Jesus said, “If it is a day of fasting for one of you, let him anoint his head and beard and wipe his lips so that people will not know he is fasting. If he gives with the right hand, let him hide this from his left hand. If he prays, let him pull down the door curtain, for God apportions praise as He apportions livelihood.”

Matt 6:2-3 only: 2“So whenever you give alms, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be praised by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. 3But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4so that your alms may be done in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.” (NO AUDIO)