www.hexagon.no
JAPAN-NORWAY HYDROGEN SEMINAR
“Collaboration within hydrogen future market and value chain”
Venue: Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo
Date: February 28, 2017
• Brief introduction of Hexagon Composites
• International collaboration on development of regulation, codes and standards for storage of high pressure compressed hydrogen
Per S. Heggem
Director, RCS and Hydrogen Products
Hexagon Composites
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www.hexagon.no
HEXAGON COMPOSITES GROUP
• Headquartered in Aalesund, Norway ˗ facilities in Germany, Norway, USA, Canada and
Brazil
˗ sales offices in India, Singapore and Russia
• 776 employees˗ of which 412 employees in Agility Fuel Solutions
(50% JV)
• Listed on Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE:HEX) ˗ market cap of approx. EUR 520 million
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High growth technology company manufacturing composite pressure tanks and assembling systems for storage of LPG, natural gas and hydrogen
www.hexagon.no
HEXAGON BUSINESS AREAS
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LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLESMOBILE PIPELINE® HYDROGEN PRODUCTSLPG CYLINDERS HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
HIGH-PRESSURE
CNG & H2
LOW-PRESSURE
LPG
AGILITY FUEL
SOLUTIONS (50%)
www.hexagon.no
KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS IN 2016
• Mitsui & Co. made an investment in Hexagon
Composites and became the largest shareholder
(25%). Similtanously a strategic alliance was
announced
• Agility Fuel Systems and Hexagon Composites’
CNG Automotive Products Division merged to create
Agility Fuel Solutions (50% owned)
• Hexagon Composites acquired xperion Energy &
Environment and strengthened its position in the
composite pressure cylinder market
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www.hexagon.no
EXPANDING OUR GEOGRAPHICAL FOOTPRINT
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Aalesund, Norway
Headquarters
Kassel, Germany
High-pressure cylindersNizhny Novgorod, Russia
Sales office
Singapore
Sales office
Bangalore, India
Sales office
Barcelona, Spain
Sales representative
Klagenfurt, Austria
Sales representative
Sao Paolo, Brazil
Agility Fuel Solutions
Taneytown, Maryland
MasterWorksLincoln, Nebraska
High-pressure cylinders
Lincoln, Nebraska
Agility Fuel Solutions
Heath, Ohio
High-pressure cylindersKelowna, BC, Canada
Agility Fuel Solutions
Santa Ana, CA
Fontana, CA
Agility Fuel Solutions
Nashville, TN
Agility Fuel Solutions
Salisbury, NC
Agility Fuel Solutions
Anniston, AL
Agility Fuel Solutions
Raufoss, Norway
Low-pressure cylinders
High-pressure cylinders
Raufoss, Norway
Agility Fuel Solutions
Hexagon Group administration and production sites
Sales offices and representatives
Agility Fuel Solutions (50% JV)
Copenhagen, Denmark
Sales representative
The extended Hexagon Composites Group
totalling 776 employees
Arnheim, Netherlands
Sales representative
Paris, France
Sales representative
www.hexagon.no
ABOUT MITSUI & CO. LTD
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138
Number of Offices
and Overseas
Trading Subsidiaries 43,611
Number of
Employees
(consolidated)
462
Number of Subsidiaries
and Equity
Accounted Investees
65Global Network
countries/regions
(As of March 31, 2016)
(As of Feb 1, 2017)
(As of Feb 1, 2017)
www.hexagon.no
Mitsui & Co investment Details in
Hexagon Composites:
25% ownership
Strategic alliance agreement Covers all Business Units
MITSUI & CO AND HEXAGON COMPOSITES
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• Alliance secures a valuable and
long-term minded partners
• Directly leverage the Hydrogen
opportunity
• Global footprint, geographic reach and
leverage
• Hexagon Composites, Mitsui & Co.,
and Toray Industries commenced a
business viability study of a proposed
JV to manufacture and sell high-
pressure cylinders for hydrogen
vehicles in Japan
www.hexagon.no
STEEL TO COMPOSITE – THE EVOLUTION
Volume
Weig
ht
Steel bottle trailer
Steel tube trailer
TITAN™ XL
TITAN4™
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www.hexagon.no
CHALLENGES RELATED TO EXISTING REGULATION CODES AND STANDARDS (RCS)
Transport of compressed hydrogen
CAPEX and OPEX must be reduced, which today can be achieve by˗ Increase in pressure
˗ Use of larger cylinders in combination with smaller cylinders to utilize space available
(weight is a limiting parameter for metal based cylinders)
˗ More adequate safety margins
Doing this under the argumentation that hydrogen is the driver, is a challenge
by it self (some would say three impossibilities in one when combined with
hydrogen), but they can all be controlled in an acceptable way, leading to
safe(r) products.
Restrictions on pressure and volumes varies. Some examples ˗ Japan: max 360L and max 450 bar with a safety margin 2,25
˗ Europe (ADR): max 3000L and no pressure limit, but safety margin 3,0
˗ US: DOT special permit on cylinders up to 8400L
(Note: 3000L was back in history determined as the largest seamless metal cylinder that could be
made. Composite cylinders has opened up for unlimited size of cylinders)
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www.hexagon.no
ONGOING DEVELOPMENT RELATED TO TRANSPORT OF COMPRESSED HYDROGEN
• ISO 17519 is the first ISO cylinder
standard that combine requirements to
cylinders and frames/containers.˗ The standard is developed under leadership
of Standard Norway. Final ballot before
publication estimated to take place Q3-2017
˗ 9 countries has nominated experts to the
working group. Japan has listed JISC as
document monitor. So far Japan has
abstained from voting.
˗ Support from as many as possible ISO
member states is need. Japan is very
welcome to cast a positive vote, contributing
to an significant improvement on RCS related
to transport of compressed hydrogen.
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www.hexagon.no
HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS (HRS) – HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE
• Hydrogen refueling stations require at least a part of the storage capacity to be at 950 bar or higher to be able to top fill FC-vehicles within the desired fill time of 3 minutes.
• Each fill will create a pressure cycle.
• With only a few vehicles coming in for refueling each day, number of fill cycles is not an issue, but in the near future a medium sized HRS should be able to serve at least 100 vehicles per day. Over desired lifetime of an HRS this will create 100x365x20= 730.000 pressure cycles. Mostly small amplitudes, but at a high mean stress level, creating issues for cylinders using fatigue sensitive materials.
• Existing RCS require cycle testing with deep cycles (all cycles go from near empty cylinder to maximum developed pressure (worst case pressures) – ref USA-based ASME and Japan based TD 5202 . It will take tremendous time and cost to qualify cylinders for lifetime service unless there will be a significant change in the referenced requirements. The alternative is to accept recurring cost (replacement of cylinders several times over the lifetime of the HRS).
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www.hexagon.no
ONGOING DISCUSSIONS RELATED TO HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE AT HRS
• Is a leak in a 950 bar cylinder an acceptable failure mode?˗ Argument for a yes: better with a leak before a burst (LBB)˗ Argument for a no: if a leak occurs, a huge amount of hydrogen will start leak,
and it will not be possible to control the release rate (can be very high)˗ Right answer is most likely to use a cylinder design that will not leak or burst over
the lifetime of an HRS (ref example leading to 730.000 cycles) without leak or burst as failure mode.
• Requirements to metals exposed for high pressure hydrogen.˗ Japan require stainless steel qualities in accordance with SUS 316 (high Ni, high
Nieqv in combination with a Ra-requirement) – with significant added cost compared to materials in accordance with other standards commonly accepted in other countries.
˗ The requirements should be the same all over. Not good having too demanding requirements and not acceptable with requirements that does not make safe products.
˗ Years of research in USA, Germany and Japan has not yet come up with a clear conclusion. The next challenge will be to harmonize relevant RCS on a global basis.
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www.hexagon.no
TECHNOLOGY FOR STORAGE AT HRS IS READY - RCS ARE NOT READY
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• Hexagon Composite introduced 95MPa - 255L cylinder for the HRS market in 2010, type
approved in accordance with the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) for use in all
European countries. Later on in Japan in accordance with the JIGA rules for use on mobile
(only) HRS.
• In the meantime new rules is developed in Japan (TD 5202). Test requirements is un-realistic
and can not be used for qualification of cylinders intended for real use when number of FC-
vehicles increase.
• Without knowing what the near time rules will require, introduction of new technology can
easily stop up.
www.hexagon.no
COMPOSITE CYLINDER FIRE PROTECTION
NEW SAFETY STRATEGIES NEEDED
Basic principle
• Determine actual remaining strength of composite material use over time in fire.
• Focus on trigger and pressure release system strategy, also taking into consideration what energy the surroundings can safely receive
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Requirements to be based on demonstration, either by calibrated
simulation models or practical testing, that the combination of specific
composite material and a specific trigger/pressure relief system match
each other, so that the hydrogen storage will stay safe in a fire at/on the
application the composite cylinder is intended to be used in.
www.hexagon.no
• A break through/modernization of RCS is needed. Too much of the RCS for hydrogen applications is still based on carry over from other than composite materials, other gases and lower pressures than what hydrogen require.
• Lack of relevant Regulation, Codes and Standard is a hinder for international market development (GTR 13 and SAE is the only exemption so far).
• The industry needs a break through on RCS topics related to Composite Cylinders used for transport and storage of larger quantities of compressed hydrogen.
REGULATION, CODES AND STANDARDS FOR
HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN APPLICATIONS
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International collaboration on pre-normative research and international
harmonization of RCS is needed before a real global deployment of
hydrogen will take place in the public domain.
www.hexagon.no
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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