James R. Ginder, MS,NREMT,PI,CHES,NCEE
Hamilton County Health Department
Health Education Specialist
www.hamiltoncounty.in.gov
Muscle Juice
Sport Supplement Safety
Review By: Brain Clarke, NSCA-CSCS Head Strength Coordinator Noblesville High School
The Reader Will Be Able To..
List three types of supplements.
Recall how to read a supplement label.
Define what a supplement is.
Identify three negative effects of supplement use.
Review other ways to be healthy without the use of supplements.
Before You Take A Supplement Talk to your healthcare
provider to see which one fits your needs.
Make sure that you read the label before taking the product.
Overdose could occur if you take too much of a supplement.
What Are Sports Supplements? They are products used to enhance
athletic performance that may include:
Vitamins Minerals Amino acids Herbs Botanicals (plants)
What Are Sports Supplements? Supplements or ergogenic
aids, consist of substances, drugs, procedures and even devices that are intended to improve athletic performance.
Some of these substances are naturally occurring, easily available and completely legal while others are manufactured, illegal, or banned by many sporting organizations.
History of Supplements
Ergogenic used by athletes to improve athletic performance is not a new practice.
As early as 776 BC, the Greek Olympians used substances, such as mushrooms, dried figs, and strychnine, to enhance performance.
Policies On Sport Supplements Sports organizations have
developed policies on sports supplements.
The National Football League (NFL), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have banned the use of steroids, ephedra, and androstenedione by their athletes, and competitors who use them face fines, ineligibility, and suspension from their sports.
Fairness In Sports
There is concern about the fairness regarding ergogenic aids, especially supplements, because using them gives the athlete an unfair advantage.
This violates the spirit of fair play in athletics.
The American Academy of Pediatrics state, “The intentional use of any substance for performance enhancement is unfair and, therefore, morally and ethically indefensible” .
American Academy Of Pediatrics The American Academy of
Pediatrics cautions that using supplements may undermine proper nutrition, coaching and training.
If someone takes a supplement, they may think it is “OK” to use that instead of good old sweat and hard work. This sends the wrong message to kids.
National Federation Of State High School Associations
The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) strongly recommends that student athletes consult with their doctor before taking any supplement.
Why Do Teens Take Performance-enhancing Supplements?
Some teens experiment with performance-enhancing supplements as a way to cope with insecurities, the difficulties of fitting in with a group of peers or a desire for independence.
Others may be influenced by societal pressure to win at all costs.
Why Do Teens Take Performance-enhancing Supplements?
Common risk factors for teen use of performance-enhancing supplements include: A desire to gain muscle mass or
strength A negative body image or a
tendency to compare one's appearance with others
Pressure from parents or peers regarding weight or muscles
Being male — boys are more likely to use performance-enhancing drugs than are girls
Supplements And FDA
Sports supplements are considered a dietary supplement.
Dietary supplements do not require U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval before they come on the market.
Supplement manufacturers do have to follow the FDA's current good manufacturing practices to ensure quality and safety of their product though.
Examples Of Supplements Amino Acids Androstendione Caffeine Creatine Fat Burners Nitric Oxide Protein powder Yohimbe
Amino Acids
Are the building blocks of protein.
Twenty amino acids are needed to build the various proteins used in the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
Eleven of these amino acids can be
made by the body itself, while the other nine (called essential amino acids) must come from the diet.
Foods of animal origin and plants are the richest dietary sources of essential amino acids.
Amino Acids
Amino acids improve endurance, physical fitness and build muscle mass.
If a person would like to build more muscle mass, they should eat foods high in amino acids.
Taking too much amino acid supplement can cause major health effects on the body.
Side Effects Of Amino Acids Restlessness, anxiety
Rapid heartbeat
If you have liver or kidney disease, Amino Acids supplements should never be taken.
Depression (Stress-related tension)
Muscle aches
Side Effects Of Amino Acids Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache
Possible stroke
Weakness and fatigue
Bleeding
Androstenedione
Androstenedione (andro) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.
It is a hormone that is normally converted to testosterone and estradiol in both men and women.
Androstenedione
Manufacturers and bodybuilding magazines tout its ability to allow “athletes to train harder and recover more quickly”.
However, its use as a performance-enhancing drug is illegal in the United States.
Side Effects Of Androstenedione Side effects of andro in men include:
Acne Diminished sperm production Shrinking of the testicles Enlargement of the breasts
In women, side effects include: Acne Masculinization, such as deepening of the voice and
male-pattern baldness
In both men and women, andro can decrease HDL cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol), which puts you at greater risk of heart attack and stroke.
Caffeine
Caffeine is a stimulant drug that is widely used to improve both high intensity and endurance exercise performance.
Caffeine stimulates muscle contraction more effectively.
Caffeine can be found in many types of supplements.
Caffeine Is Used For
“Enhanced endurance exercise performance”
Enhanced sprint/short-term exercise
performance
Enhanced metabolic rate
Increased rate of fat metabolism
Enhanced fat loss
Improved short-term mental function
Side Effects Of Caffeine
Insomnia
Nervousness and restlessness
Stomach irritation
Nausea and vomiting
Increased heart rate, respiration and blood pressure
Stroke
Side Effects Of Caffeine
Headache, anxiety
Agitation
Chest pain
Ringing in the ears
Death
Creatine
People who take creatine usually take it to improve strength, but the long-term and short-term effects of creatine use haven't been studied in teens and kids.
Researchers found no effect on athletic performance in nearly a third of athletes studied.
Creatine is manufactured by the body in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas.
It also occurs naturally in foods such as meat and fish.
Creatine supplements are available over the counter, and teens make up a large portion of the supplement's users.
Creatine
Creatine Side Effects
The most common side effects of creatine supplements include:
Weight gain Muscle cramps Diarrhea and abdominal pain
People with kidney problems should not use creatine because it may affect kidney function.
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people younger than 18 years old do not use creatine.
Fat Burners
Known as thermogenics were often made with an herb called ephedra, also known as ephedrine or ma huang, which acts as a stimulant and increases metabolism.
Evidence has shown that it can cause heart problems, stroke, and occasionally even death.
Because athletes and others have died using this supplement, ephedra has been taken off the market.
Fat Burners
Since the ban, "ephedra-free" products have emerged, but they often contain ingredients with ephedra-like properties, including bitter orange or country mallow.
Similar to ephedra, these supplements can cause high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and seizures.
Nitric Oxide
Taken in powder or pill from
Taken to gain muscle mass
This supplement is used for “faster recovery” from workouts
“Better Endurance”
What Does Nitric Oxide Do Nitric oxide signals the
blood vessels to expand, thereby increasing the flow of blood to muscles.
With increased blood flow,
the muscles are provided with greater amounts of nutrients, protein, and valuable oxygen.
Side Effects Of Nitric Oxide
Excessive bleeding
Low blood pressure
Diarrhea
Weakness
Nausea
Headaches
Side Effects Of Nitric Oxide Water retention
Increased heart rate & palpitations
Fatigue
Skin irritations
Dry mouth
Kidney damage
Protein Powders
Protein powders that are available on the market are made from either: Egg Soy Whey Rice
Organic whey protein powder is widely available too.
People consume protein powder after mixing it in water, milk or a fruit juice, or they add the protein powder to breakfast cereals, soups or other foods.
Side Effects Of Protein Powder Consumption of excess
protein powder can turns the blood acidic in nature.
Kidney damage
Liver damage
Allergic reaction
Side Effects Of Protein Powder
Bloating
Ketosis (body can not absorb carbs)
Nausea, vomiting
Death Some protein powders
may contain metals which can cause health problems
Yohimbe
Yohimbe bark is a product of a type of tree that can be found in the African Countries of Gabon, Cameroon, and Zaire.
The bark of the yohimbe tree contains a chemical known as yohimbine, which is utilized to create a variety of supplements.
Yohimbine
Yohimbine works by increasing the blood flow and neural signals to the male and female reproductive organs.
It is additionally used for increasing athletic capability for: Losing weight Preventing fatigue
Side Effects Of Yohimbine Kidney failure Paralysis Severe anxiety Seizure High or low blood pressure Heart attacks Abnormal heart beat (rhythm) Dizziness Stomach problems
What To Look For In “Safe Supplements”
It is important to check supplement labels for a seal of approval from a legitimate, independent (third-party) company.
These independent companies contract with supplement manufacturers to assess and verify the purity and content of their products.
What To Look For
If supplements do not have a seal of approval, then they either have not been analyzed by an independent company or they have not met an independent company’s standards. Seal
What To Look For
Many supplements have labels that falsely appear to contain seals of approval, e.g., “GNC Approved.”
However, in many cases, these seals are not from independent testing companies.
Supplement Use Or Not Use
There are many ergogenic aids that are safe and effective, but others can be harmful and even fatal.
Most of the research conducted on performance-enhancing supplements has been done on adults; research on the teen population is limited.
Children and teens should be discouraged from using any ergogenic aids.
Boasts that it is quick and easy
Uses testimonials from "real users" to promote its benefits
Claims it's right for everyone
To Protect Your Body And Your Wallet, Be Wary Of Any Supplements That
State it has been used for millions of years
Belittles the medical or scientific community
Has a secret formulation
To Protect Your Body And Your Wallet, Be Wary Of Any Supplements That
How To Report A Potential Problem With A Supplement
To report a health product you believe is advertised falsely, contact the Federal Trade Commission at 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) or online at ftc.gov/complaint
To report a fraudulently
labeled product, call your local FDA office www.fda.gov/Safety/ReportaProblem/ConsumerComplaintCoordinators/default.htm
What You Can Do To Stay Healthy
Make downtime a priority Learn to relax. Eat healthy foods Sleep at least eight hours a day Eat often Avoid harmful substances Train harder and smarter Consult a professional
What Can Parents Do?
Discuss ethics and proper training
Be clear about your expectations
Get involved
Monitor your teen's purchases
Talk to your child’s coach
Talk to the school’s athletic trainer
Supplement Information
To Look Up A Supplement, Click On The Mouse Below
Course Evaluation
Please Click On The Apple To Complete The Course Evaluation.
Sources
American Academy Of Pediatrics www.aap.org Athletes For A Drug Free America
www.athletesforadrugfreeamerica.org Drug Free Athletics
www.athletesforadrugfreeamerica.org Food and Drug Administration
www.fda.org Mayo Clinic
www.mayoclinic.org
Sources
National Collegiate Athletic Association
www.ncaa.org National Institutes Of Health
www.nih.gov Kids Health
www.kidshealth.org The Educated Sports Parent
www.educatedsportsparent.com The National Federation of State High School
Associations
www.nfhs.org
Sources
University Of Iowa Children's Hospital
www.uihealthcare.com Web MD
www.webmd.com
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