ITUC Asia Pacific Labour NetworkAPLN Meeting
Sydney 30/31 August 2007
Regional Trade and Free Trade Agreements
I. Asia-Pacific: Trade and production Platform
Asia-Pacific:
• accounts for 20% of the world GDP.
• generates 25% of global trade.
• receives 18% of FDI.
Asian regional trade and production platform - Highlights :
• Significant presence of intra-industry trade in intra-Asian exchanges.
• Supported by significant vertical integration of the value chain with participation of multinational companies.
• The trade boom occurs on the fringe of free trade regional agreements.
• China’s central role as point of origin and destination of trade flows.
• RTAs/FTAs reinforce this trend.
Asia-Pacific’s Presence in the World Economy
Source: ECLAC
Strong productive transformation and realignment of Asian economies around China’s expansion
Headed by China, Asian countries are entering the distribution chains of large multinationals that have settled in the region due to its low labor costs and China’s large potential market.
For these companies, China is an option not only in the low-tech product sector but also in that of new state-of-the-art technology products.
Current status of the process that started 15 years ago
2010, #1 world power, displacing the USA and Germany.
2015, accountable for 50% of world trade.
US pressure for adjustment of the Chinese currency exchange rate in order to reduce its trade gap.
USA filed WTO complaint against China for violations of intellectual property rights and trade restrictions.
Trade presence linked to multinational companies settled in China (EU, USA, Japan).
Nearly 450 of the 500 largest multinationals in the world have made investments in China. It is estimated that 2/3 of foreign businesses in China have made profits and that 2/5 of multinational companies have had profit margins larger than their global average.
60% of all Chinese exports are handled by these multinationals; in the case of technology products, this number rises to 90%.
China and IndiaEconomic and Strategic Influence
Key factor in significant changes in the global demand level and structure.
China is the largest manufacturer in the world and the most rapidly growing market.
India is a world vendor of business processes, services and information technology.
Significant source of financial resources to maintain international balances.
Offer financing for infrastructure and energy.
In the world map of EAP: 2000-2010:
10 million in Brazil and Mexico 62 million in China 93 million in India
China has turned into an export platform for its neighbors targeting the
USA and EU
Source:: ECLAC
LA & C compete with ASEAN, Australia and NZ
LA & C compete with ASEAN, Australia and NZ
China accumulates large surpluses in manufactured products with the USA and EU
China accumulates large surpluses in manufactured products with the USA and EU
Machinery, electronic
equipment and
precision in
struments
associated with
informatio
n
technologies
Source: ECLAC
Asia-Pacific: Source and Destination of a Large Portion of Latin American Regional Trade
Source: ECLAC
Latin America: Main Products Exported to China (% of total exports per country)
Source: ECLAC
Exports concentrated in natural resources except Mexico and CA
II. Regional and Free Trade Agreements
Facts and Figures:
The proliferation of RTAs/FTAs can be attributed, among other factors, to: the slow progress of WTO negotiations, the relative sluggishness of regional integration processes and the bilateral search for market diversification:
325 RTAs/FTAs worldwide have been registered with the GATT / WTO.
Of these more than 200 have been signed over the last eleven years.
The WTO estimates that in 2005 more than 51% of the world’s goods were traded under preferential agreements.
RTAs/FTAs Worldwide
Source: WTO
Asia-Pacific Region
Early ’90s: the only existing preferential agreements were regional arrangements in the form of FTAs (ASEAN, ASEAN+3, Bangkok Agreement), customs unions (MERCOSUR) and the GSP.
1990-1995: intra-regional trade was gradually liberalized within the framework of LAIA agreements in the Americas, ASEAN and APEC plurilateral agreements, and multilateral agreements (Uruguay Round).
1995-2000: emergence of agreements with extra-regional trade partners such as the United States and Canada.
2000-2006: dynamic growth of preferential trade and investment agreements:
FTA: United States-Australia-New Zealand, China, Japan, Singapore,India and Chile were the most active ones.
RTA: ASEAN+China, ASEAN+USA, Japan’s proposal was to create the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA), ASEAN+India.
At intra- and extra-regional level, basically the countries that were not dependent on trade with the USA.
Different trade structures
impact on regional blocs
40 RTAs/FTAs in APEC Region.
The “Noodle Bowl” Process in Asia-Pacific (expanded)
Strongest momentum in the mid-90s, though it did not originate in Asia.
Several countries stop being reluctant to sign preferential agreements and join trade blocs: China, Japan, Rep. of Korea and the Taiwan Province of China start entering into bilateral and plurilateral agreements within and outside Asia-Pacific.
1976-2006, over 150 trade agreements of different kinds recorded (Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Southern Asia and former Soviet Union countries).
Except Mongolia, all Asia-Pacific countries have participated in at least one agreement.
The “Noodle Bowl” in Asia-PacificCauses
The need to speed up liberalization vis-à-vis the slow progress made in WTO and APEC negotiations.
In APEC, no progress is made towards the Bogor goals and there are institutional weaknesses, such as: non-binding commitments, blurred objectives, too many members, too long an agenda, secretariat’s dysfunctional structure and now new competitors at a regional level (ASEAN+3 and the East Asia Summit, made up by ASEAN+6)
Results from the “chain reaction”: any agreement involving one of the three giants (Japan, China and the Republic of Korea) will change the relative competitiveness of the companies exporting to signatory countries. This encourages exporting businesses from non-member countries to put pressure on their respective governments to join in the FTA race.
The “chain reaction” is well illustrated by China’s proposal to sign an agreement with ASEAN, which was followed by similar offers to establish broad economic alliances by Japan, the Republic of Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand.
Trends
Growing agreement diversification: FTA/RTA/TIFA/TEFMap of agreements in Asia-Pacific: 12 regional/plurilateral agreements 57 FTA in force (TIFA, TEF, CER) 27 agreements with completed negotiations
39 under negotiation. 18 under consideration
North-South Agreements: FTA/TIFA/TEF: United States, Australia, New
Zealand and Japan actively involved in the signing of trans-Pacific agreements with Thailand, Canada, South Korea, Chile, Peru, Mexico.
RTAs: no progress in USA-ASEAN agreement; ASEAN agreements with China, India and South Korea; progress in ASEAN- Japan;
South-South Agreements:
FTA: Chile-Japan, Peru-China (FTA under consideration), Taiwan (2 FTAs with Honduras and El Salvador), Singapore (3 FTAs), Philippines, Thailand, Korea, China (has signed or is negotiating with 27 countries), India (agreements with Chile and MERCOSUR).
Proposal to create a Latin American Pacific free trade area made up by CAN countries and Chile.
Chile signed a FTA with Peru and invited it to join the P4 (Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement- Brunei/Singapore/New Zealand). Chile is also finalizing negotiations with Colombia and has accepted to join CAN as an associate member.
Ecuador has stated its interest in joining APEC and has received support from Chile, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Costa Rica-China approach with a view to becoming an APEC member; broke off relations with Taiwan.
RTA: Chile-CAN, Chile-MERCOSUR, Russia-MERCOSUR, India-MERCOSUR, SACU-MERCOSUR; ASEAN strengthens links within its own free trade area and with MERCOSUR.
Impact of complex WTO negotiations:
EU shows interest in negotiating with Asian countries (India) and APEC members: South Korea (2nd neg. round) with China, Japan and 10 Southeast Asian countries.
Switzerland begins studies for future negotiations with China, Japan, Canada and Thailand.
India signed FTA with New Zealand, Thailand, Japan (2nd negotiation round), South Korea (began talks for a CEPA), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Canada and ASEAN. Also announces future agreements with China, Mexico, Brazil and South Africa.
Countries that have signed FTAs with the USA and are APEC members move closer to the US position on NAMA.
China
2001,started developing its trade agreements network with the signing of the Bangkok Agreement.
2006, concluded agreements or held negotiations with 32 countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Southern Pacific.
Applies a pragmatic strategy; there is no one single model for all agreements.
Agreements with Hong Kong and Macao incorporate disciplines and concrete rules, serving as instruments of trade diplomacy, as the “one country, two systems” model.
Agreements with Australia and New Zealand incorporate general commitments regarding cooperation issues.
Agreements with Pakistan, India, Chile and South Africa seen as diplomatic efforts to build or consolidate strategic alliances and guarantee the supply of natural resources.
ASEAN- China agreement seen as a diplomacy instrument to mitigate the growing competition between ASEAN countries and China in the field of trade and investments.
Stepped enforcement: starting with the “early harvest” program and followed by the inclusion of other disciplines such as services, investment and trade facilitation measures, as in the agreement with ASEAN or with Chile.
Several agreements exclude sensitive products and sectors such as the protection of intellectual property, sectoral liberalization, and labor and environmental issues.
An important objective is to be recognized as a market economy by the FTA signatory countries.
Two Proposals Regarding the Creation of Large Economic Areas in Asia :
Pros
Proposed by ABAC (Chile 2004).
Responds to the slow progress made in WTO negotiations,
Responds to the “Noodle Bowl” effect,
Tries to boost compliance with the Bogor Principles,
Answers to the intra-regional agreements that would discriminate against Non Asian countries
Tries to avoid polarization between Asia-Pacific countries.
Cons
No consensus regarding its political feasibility.
Would imply an agreement with China.
Changes in APEC: move to binding liberalization commitments.
Contradicts the principle stated in Busan in 2005 regarding the fact that APEC should not be an inward-looking trade bloc but a bloc oriented to global free trade.
China and Japan interested in Asian regionalism.
Different approaches to the FTA scope.
P4 (Chile/Singapore/Brunei/New Zealand) example of a trans-Pacific FTA, try to bring Mexico, Malaysia, Peru and Thailand on board).
Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific within the sphere of APEC (FTAAP), supported by the USA, Australia, Canada, Japan,
Chile and Mexico.
The second proposal relates to the creation of an intra-regional economic community:
ASEAN+3 (the 10 ASEAN members plus
China, Japan and the Republic of Korea).
ASEAN+6 (Australia, New Zealand and India).
ASEAN
Agreements to establish a closer economic partnership with its most important trade partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea).
Signed agreements that gave rise to various free trade areas, such as the broader economic partnership agreements with China, India, Japan and the Republic of Korea.
2004,established a Southern Asia free trade area that is expected to be fully operational by 2016.
In 1997, regional economic cooperation was established for Central Asia.
Currently negotiating an Asia-Pacific trade preference agreement to replace the 1975 Bangkok Agreement (Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement).
the ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6 agreements are considered to be a second wave of preferential trade agreements.
AUGUST 24, MERCOSUR-ASEAN were working in Brasilia.
NETWORK OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
FTA/RTA: Early ´90s
Source: WTO
FTA/RTA: Early ´90s
Source: WTO
FTAs/RTAs and Economic Cooperation Forums in the Asia-Pacific Region
2007
APEC
China
SACU
DR-CAFTA
NAFTA
CSNCSN
MERCOSUR
SICACARICOM
CAN
EU
ASEAN
P4ChilePeruNZ,BruneiSingapore
Peru
Japan
Thailand
more than 51% of the world’s goods were traded under preferential agreements
TIFAs
Korea
Singapore
Philippines
Taiwan
Vietnam
GCC
AFTA ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade And Economic Cooperation Agreement
Australia, New Zealand, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa
BANGKOK Bangkok Agreement Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka
PTN Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations among Developing Countries
Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
MSG Melanesia Spearhead Group Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
Canada, Mexico, United States
CACM/SICA Central American Common Market
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
CAN Andean Community Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
MERCOSUR Southern Common Market Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
LAIA Latin American Integration Association
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
GSTP Global System of Trade Preferences among developing countries
Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tanzania, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
11 Regional Agreements associated with the Asia-Pacific Region
Regional /Plurilateral Agreements
Entry into Force Type of Agreement
ASEAN 1967 Association of Southeast Asian Nations, created by the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos, Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1998)
AFTA 1992 ASEAN Free Trade Area
ASEAN+3 1997 China/South Korea/Japan. East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA)
ASEAN+China 2003 Free Trade Area: 2010 China /Brunei/Philippines/Indonesia/Malaysia/Singapore/
Thailand , and in 2015 China/Vietnam/Laos/Myanmar/Cambodia.
ASEAN-European Union 2003 Trans-Regional Trade Iniciative (TREATI)
ASEAN-NZ/Australia 2005 (10th round) FTA
ASEAN-Korea 2005 Preferential Agreement
ASEAN-USA 2005 Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
ASEAN-Japan 2007 (under negotiation-8 round)
Comprenhensive Economic Partnership(AJCEP)Agreement
ASEAN-India under negotiation
APEC 1989 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (21 members)
GSTP 1989 Preferential Agreement: Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,
PTN 1973 Preferential Agreement: Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan, Peru, Paraguay, Philippines, Rep.of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
Bangkok Agreement
China’s accession
1976
2002
Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep./Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka)
USA-Canada-Mexico 1994 FTA/Services Agreement
Brunei, NZ, Chile, Singapore Nov 2006( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
CAN+Chile 1988/2006 Preferential Agreement
Australia-New Zealand
ANZCERTA/CER
1983/1989 Closer Economic Relations (CER) FTA/ Services
Australia-Papua New Guinea
PACTRA
1991 Trade and Commercial Relations Agreement
Australia-Singapore
SAFTA
2003 FTA
Australia-China 2003
2005 (under negotiation-8round)
TEF
FTA
Australia-Japan 2003
2007(under negotiation-2round)
TEF
Economic Partnership Agreement
Australia-USA 2005 FTA/Services Agreement
Australia-Indonesia
2005 (signed) TIFA
Australia-Thailand
TAFTA
2005 FTA/Services Agreement
Australia -USA/AUSFTA 2004 signed (in force) FTA
Australia–Malaysia
2005 (under negotiation-7round)) FTA
Australia/NZ -ASEAN
2005(under negotiation-10round) FTA
Australia-Gulf Cooperation Council 2007 (under negotiation-2round) FTA
Bilateral Agreements
Australia-Chile 2007(under negotiation-1 round) FTA
Australia- Rep. Korea 2006 (under consideration) FTA
Japan-Singapore JSEPA 2002
2007 signed
Economic Partnership Agreement
Protocol Amending Agreement for
a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Japan-Korea 2003(suspended) FTA/Services Agreement
Japan-Mexico 2005 Economic Partnership Agreement (Investment /Services)
Japan-Chile 2007(in force-September 3) FTA/Economic Cooperation Agreement
Japan- Canada 2005
2006 (under consideration)
TEF
Pursue a TIFA or FTA
Japan-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Indonesia 2007 (signed-August) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Philippines 2006 FTA
Japan-Thailand 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament)
FTA
Japan-Vietnam 2007 (under negotiation- 4 round)
Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Brunei Darussalam 2007 signed Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Gulf Cooperation Council
(under negotiation) FTA
Japan- Switzerland 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Australia 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-India 2007(under negotiation-3 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-ASEAN 2007(under negotiation-8 round) Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) Agreement
Japan-Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA)
2006 PROPOSAL Establish trade and investment links between the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the six other members of the East Asia Summit -- China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia and New Zealand.
New Zealand-Australia 1983 CER
New Zealand-Singapore 2001 (NZCEP)
New Zealand-Hong Kong 2002 (suspended-5 round) CER
New Zealand-China 2004
2005 (under negotiation-12 round)
TEF
FTA
New Zealand-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation-6 round) FTA
New Zealand-Thailand 2005 Closer Economic Partnership (NZTCEP)
Brunei/Chile/New Zealand/Singapore
2005(signed- in force) TRANSPACIFIC SEP
New Zealand/Australia-ASEAN
2005(under negotiation-10 round)
FTA
New Zealand-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
2007(under negotiation-2 round) FTA
Singapore-New Zealand 2001 Closer Economic Partnership
(NZSCEP) FTA/ Services Agreement
Singapore-Australia 2002 SAFTA
Singapore-USA 2004 FTA
Singapore--Panama 2006 FTA
Singapore- Rep. of Korea 2005 signed FTA
Singapore-Mexico 2000 (6 round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Japan 2007 signed Protocol Amending Agreement for a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Singapore-China 2006- (1round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Canada 2002 (3 round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore- Pakistan 2005 (under negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Gulf Cooperation Council
2006 (under negotiation) FTA
Singapore-ASEAN/Australia/New Zealand
2005 (under negotiation) FTA
Singapore-Ukraine 2007 (launch negotiation) FTA
Singapore- Brunei, NZ, Chile, Nov 2006 ( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
Singapore-Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
2003 in force ESFTA
Singapore-India
Singapore-Jordania
Singapore-Sri Lanka ( under consideration)
Singapore-European Free Association
2003 in force ESFTA
Taiwan-Panama 2003 FTA
Taiwan-Nicaragua 2006 signed FTA
Taiwan-Honduras 2007 signed FTA
Taiwan-El Salvador 2007 signed FTA
Taiwan-Paraguay (under negotiation) FTA
Taiwan-Rep Dominicana
(under consideration) FTA
Taiwan-Guatemala 2006 signed FTA
Taiwan-Malaysia
Rep. of Korea-Chile 2004 in force KCFTA
Rep. of Korea-European Free Trade Association
2006 in force EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
Rep. of Korea-Singapore 2006 in force KSFTA
Rep. of Korea-USA 2007 (pending US Congress)
FTA
Rep. of Korea-Canada 2007 (under negotiations-10 round)
FTA
Rep. of Korea-India 2007 (under negotiations-6 round)
CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
Rep. of Korea-China (under consideration)
Rep. of Korea -Thailand (under negotiation)
Rep of Korea -Malaysia (under consideration)
Rep of Korea -ASEAN
Rep of Korea -MERCOSUR
(under consideration)
Thailand-Australia 2005 FTA
Thailand-New Zealand 2005 FTA
Thailand-Peru 2005 signed 1st phase of the FTA: “Protocol to Accelerate the Liberalization of Trade in Goods
Thailand-United States 2005 (4th round of negotiations)
FTA on the basis of the TIFA
Thailand-India 2007 signed 1st phase of the FTA- Early Harvest Agreement
Thailand-Japan 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament)
Thailand- Rep. of Korea
2006 under consideration
Thailand-China 2006 under consideration
Thailand-CER 2006 under consideration
Thailand-Bahrein Under negotiation
Thailand-Chile 2006 under consideration
Thailand-MERCOSUR Under consideration
USA-Canada 1995 NAFTA
USA-Mexico 1995 NAFTA
USA-Brunei 2004 TIFA
USA-Philippines 2004 TIFA
USA-Indonesia 2004 TIFA
USA-Chile 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Singapore 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Thailand 2004 TIFA
USA-Australia 2004 signed (in force) FTA
USA-Malaysia 2005 TIFA
USA-Vietnam 2006 Agreement “in principle” for accession to WTO
USA-Peru 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Rep. of Korea 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Taiwan (under consideration) FTA
Canada-Chile 1997 FTA
Canada-Singapore 2002 (3rd round stand by)
Canada-Korea 2004 (under negotiation-10th round)
FTA
Canada-Japan 2005
2006 (under consideration)
TEF
FTA
Canada –Colombia/Peru 2007 (under negotiation-1round)
FTA
Canada –Economic Free Trade Association
2007 signed EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Chile-Mexico 1999
2006
FTA
Agreement Expansion/Services Agreement
Chile-Rep. Of Korea 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-China 2006
2006 (negotiation of expansion)
FTA
Services Agreement
Chile-Peru 2006 (signed) FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-Vietnam 2006 Under consideration FTA
Chile-Thailand 2006 (under negotiation) FTA
Chile-Japan 2007 FTA
Chile-Colombia 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile-Peru 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile -Panama 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile-India 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile -Japan 2007 in force FTA
Chile -Australia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
FTA
Chile -Malaysia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
FTA
Chile -Turkey 2007 (under consideration/study)
FTA
Peru-Thailand 2005 signed FTA
Peru-USA 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
Peru-China 2007 (under consideration in perspective APEC 2008)
FTA
Peru-European Free Trade Association
2007 (under negotiation-1 round)
EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Peru-India 2007 (under consideration) FTA
Peru-Singapore (under negotiations)
NAFTA 1995 in force FTA USA-Canada-Mexico
Mexico-Chile 1999 in force FTA
Mexico-Peru 1995 in force Economic Complementarity Agreement
Mexico-Singapore 2000 (6th round of negotiations)
FTA
Mexico-Japan 2005 in force FTA
Mexico-Rep. Of Korea under negotiation
Philippines-China 1975 Philippines has a model trade agreement approved by the TRM Cabinet Committee for purposes of negotiating trade accords with other countries.
Philippines-Korea 1975
Philippines-Indonesia 1975
Philippines-Russia 1976
Philippines-New Zealand 1977
Philippines-Korea 1978
Philippines-Vietnam 1978
Philippines-United States 1979
Philippines-Thailand 2000
Philippines- Japan 2006
Philippines- Pakistan Under
consideration
Laos-Thailand 1991 Preferential Agreement
China-India 2003
2004 under consideration
Bangkok Agreement
FTA
China-Hong Kong 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
China-Macao 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
China-Peru 2004 talks Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership
China-Pakistan 2005 FTA “Early Harvest” Program
China-Chile 2006 Partial Scope Agreement
China-Fiji 2006 Economic Cooperation Agreement
China- New Zealand 2006 negotiations
12th round of negotiations of FTA
China, Australia, Japan, South Korea
2006 under consideration
Pan-Asia Trade Deal
China-South American Customs Union (SACU)
2004 under consideration
RTA (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland)
China-India 2004 under consideration
FTA
China-Singapore under negotiation
FTA
China-Iceland 2006 consideration stage completed
FTA
China-Gulf Cooperation Council
RTA (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait. Oman, Qatar)
China-EU 2006 proposal New 'Partnership and Cooperation Agreement'. Updating a 1985 bilateral cooperation accord to focus more on trade and investment, the new agreement will attempt to go beyond China's WTO commitments to open additional sectors of its economy to foreign competition.
China-Thailand
China-Rep of Korea (under consideration)
China-ASEAN
India-Bangkok Agreement 1976 Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep. of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka )
India-South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
1995 RTA
India-Thailand 2003 FTA “Early Harvest” Program
India-ASEAN 2004 Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement “Early Harvest” Program”
India-MERCOSUR 2004 Preferential Agreement seeking to become a FTA.
India/Bangladesh/Myanmar/Sri Lanka/Thailand
2004 Framework Agreement
India-SAFTA 2004 RTA (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)
India- Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU)
2002 under negotiation
Framework Agreement - draft agreed on in 2004
India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 2006 under negotiation
RTA 1st round
India-China 2004 under consideration
FTA, they have agreed to sign the agreement in 2007
India-EU 2007 Have agreed to step up efforts towards a "broad-based" bilateral trade and investment pact, aiming to conclude a deal by 2009
Non APEC Member
India-Singapore 2005 Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)
India-Chile 2006 under ratification
Partial Scope Preferential Agreement
India-Egypt FTA
India-Indonesia Memorandum of understanding to begin studies.
India-Japan 2006 under negotiation
FTA
India-Malaysia 2005 under consideration
Cooperation Agreement
India-Peru 2006 under negotiation
Preferential Agreement similar to that of Chile
India- Rep. of Korea 2006 under consideration
FTA
Thanks
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