8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
1/44
Energy Profile for Italy
Marco Crespi, José Daniel FasolinoFebruary 2016
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
2/44
Content
Introduction
Energy Policy
Governance
SupplyDemand
Prices
Summary: energy balance & indicators, specifics & issues
| Country Profile Italy2
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
3/44
Introduction
Country snapshot in numbers
Indicator Unit Year of Estimate Value
Land area Thousand sq.km 2014 301.4
Forest area % of land area 2012 31.6
Population Millions 2014 60.8Population density People per sq.km 2014 201.0
GDP per capita PPP 2011 $ 2014 34,700
Industry value-added % of GDP 2014 23.5
Inflation CPI % 2014 0.9
Rents (mineral, oil, coal, gas) % of GDP 2012 0.2
| Country Profile Italy3 Source: World Bank – World Development Indicators
- 8th country in GPD ranking- a lot of SMEs- strong manufacturing industry
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
4/44
Introduction
Resources
| Country Profile Italy4
About 75% of Italy’s energy needs are covered by imports, with small
domestic product ion from gas (9%) and oil (10%).
Source: MISE, Situazione Energetica Nazionale 2014
The consumption of
energy constantly
grew until 2005;
since then a
decrease
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
5/44
Introduction
Resources
| Country Profile Italy5
From under-capacity to over-capacity
• Electricity companies mostly reliant on CCGT suffer from high over-capacity inelectricity generation; (all the Italian power plants can provide with 130GW, but thereal need is about 45/50 GW)
Source: MISE, Situazione Energetica Nazionale 2014Article on Affari & Finanza, Jan. 11th, 2016
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
6/44
Introduction
Resources
| Country Profile Italy6
The current energy mix, in particular for electricity, is fairly costly
Italy has high environmental standards, being one of the world’s most
energy-effic ient countr ies, wi th primary energy intensity 14% lower than the
European average in 2010
• However, the energy efficiency of the building park in Italy is very low: it is generallyold
Source: World Energy Resources – 2013 Survey
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
7/44
Introduction
Wind and Solar resources
| Country Profile Italy7
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
8/44
Energy Policy
National energy plan: targets
The National Energy Strategy (“ Strategia Energetica Nazionale” ) has set the
choices of energy pol icies for Italy and established four main targets in
medium term (2020), even taking into account the very long term (2050):
• Competitiveness: to significantly reduce energy cost gaps, bringing energy costs
and prices in line with European levels by 2020• Environment: to meet and surpass the European environmental and
decarbonisation targets, exceeding the targets set by the Climate-Energy Package(’20-20-20’).
• Security: to improve security and independence of energy supply, in both electricityand gas sectors
• Growth: to foster a sustainable economic growth.
| Country Profile Italy8
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
9/44
Energy Policy
National energy plan - Priorities
To achieve the 2020 objectives, the strategy has been structured according
to 7 prior ities:
1. Energy efficiency, which contributes to the achievement of all energy policytargets, absorbing a substantial portion of expected increases in energy demand
2. Competitive gas market and Gas Hub for Southern Europe, which would help Italy
become a country of exchange and transit to northern Europe
- This could allow the CCGT fleet to become competitive again
3. Sustainable development of renewable energy to go beyond the 2020 productionobjectives.
4. Development of electricity infrastructure and the electricity market
5. Restructuring the refining industry and the fuel distribution sector
6. Sustainable production of domestic hydrocarbons (with no impact on environment;no shale oil/gas )
7. Modernization of the systems governance (shorter time and more efficiency intaking decision)
| Country Profile Italy9
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
10/44
Energy Policy
National energy plan - Highlights
The results expected by 2020 are as follows:
• Save 15.5 Mtoe of final energy per annum (20 Mtoe of primary energy)
• 19-20% share of renewable energy in gross final consumption,
• Reduction from 86% to 76% of fossil fuels on primary energy consumption• Renewables exceed the levels of gas as energy source in electricity generation, 35-
38%
• Significant reduction of energy costs and a gradual alignment of Europeanwholesale prices
• Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 21%
• Reduction from 84% to 67% of energy dependence from abroad
• Positive impact on economic growth thanks to major investments expected in thesector (170-180 Bn€ invested by 2020)
| Country Profile Italy10
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
11/44
Energy Policy
Renewable Energy
Following European 2020 objectives, Italy must accomplish a quota of 17%
of energy f rom renewables, 20% increase in energy efficiency and 18%
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Renewable energy, quota reached in 2014: 17,1%
| Country Profile Italy11 Source: GSE- Rapporto statistico Energia da fonti rinnovabili 2014
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
12/44
Energy Policy
Renewable Energy
| Country Profile Italy12
Source TWh
Hydro 58.5
Wind 15.2
Solar 22.3
Geothermic 5.9
Bioenergy 18.7
Total 120.7(= 10,376 Mtoe)
Source Mtoe
Solar 0.180
Biogas 0,283
Solid biomass+waste
6,731
Other 0.163
Heat pumps(heating, notconditioning)
2.579
Total 9.934
Heating f rom REElectricity f rom RE
Source: GSE- Rapporto statistico Energia da fonti rinnovabili 2014
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
13/44
Energy Policy
Renewable Energy
There were two instruments that promoted renewable energies in electricity
generation (these two mechanisms are no longer available for new
installations)
• Feed-in-Tariff (FiT): as in many other countries, this policy mechanism is designed
to accelerate investment in renewable energies by providing a fee which is aboveretail electricity prices
- 20 years of FiT for PV- Decree in 2014 : the amount of those FiT will be payable in longer period.
• Green certificates (GCs): all producers and importers of non-renewable have toinject a minimum quota of renewable electricity into the power system every year.
- Each GC is conventionally worth 1 MWh of renewable electricity and is valid forthree years
In Italy, support schemes for RES are managed by ‘Gestore dei Servizi Energetici’ or
GSE (Manager of Electr ici ty services), a state owned company
| Country Profile Italy13
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
14/44
Energy Policy
Renewable Energy
Grid operators are obliged to give priori ty access to renewable plants.
Favorable tax conditions are currently in place for the promotion of RES for
heating
• For example, detractions for installation of solar collectors
District heating and cool ing networks are managed at local level
• According to Law 102/2014 about energy efficiency, GSE must assess thefeasibility of district heating.
Biofuels should reach the 10% share of fuel consumption by 2020
| Country Profile Italy14
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
15/44
In order to improve the energy effic iency, it is important to keep and
strengthen the existing ini tiative to foster E.E., like the tax detractions,
white certif icates and incentives (“Conto Termico” ).
• Better energy performances for new buildings• Tax detractions
• Incentives (like “Conto termico”, for private and public properties)
• White certificates (for distributors of electricity and gas having 50,000+clients):
1.7 Mtoe saved in 2015
| Country Profile Italy15
Energy Policy
Energy Efficiency in N.E.S.
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
16/44
Energy Policy
Electricity
The electricity market in Italy was liberalised following objectives ofDirective 96/92/EC after almost 40 years of state nationalisation
Distribut ion and supply activit ies must be unbundled
Generation:
• 2014: The main companies involved in electricity generation are Enel (27.2%), Eni(8.3%) and Edison (6.0%). Top10 generate about 60%.
• AssoElettrica is the association: 120 companies (90% of the market)
Transmission + dispatching:
• Terna – Rete Elettrica Nazionale SpA, is the transmission system operator (TSO). It isthe owner of the majority of the transmission grid operation line and holds theconcession agreement to operate the system.
| Country Profile Italy16
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
17/44
Energy Policy
Nuclear
The civil nuclear program was abandoned in 1987, after a referendum. Itfollowed the growing anti-nuclear sentiment of people in the 70s and theChernobyl accident in 1986.
In the 2000s, the government tried to restart the nuclear program, but itrenounced after a second referendum in 2011.
Italy imports electricity produced to nuclear power in France, Switzerland andSlovenia
| Country Profile Italy17
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
18/44
Energy Policy
Climate
The domestic GHG emissions has
been declining since the second
half of the 2000s. Several factors
contributed to this fact, such as:
• A switch from oil to natural gas• Increased use of renewable
energy sources
• Improvement of energy efficiency
• The economic crisis
| Country Profile Italy18 Source: Eurostat
year MT Co2 equiv.
1990 525.3
1995 538.4
2000 561.8
2005 587.4
2010 516.0
2013 446.6
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
19/44
Governance
Institutions
• The ‘Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico / Settore Energia’ (MiSE) is theMinistry of Economic Development, which manages the security of supply andenergy infrastructure, mineral resources, RES, EE, among others
• The ‘Autorità per l ’energia elettrica e il gas e sistema idr ico’ (AEEGSI) is
the electricity and gas authority, which sets tariffs, establishes guidelines forproduction and distribution services, among others
• The ‘Gestore dei Mercati Energetici’ (GME) is the Electricity MarketOperator, being responsible for the economic management of the electricitymarket, environmental markets, day ahead markets, among others
•The ‘Gestore dei Serivizi Energetici ’ (GSE)
is the Electricity ServiceOperator, which is responsible for support of renewable electricity, purchase ofelectricity from producers and resale in the market, promotion of renewables,among others
| Country Profile Italy19
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
20/44
Supply
Overview
| Country Profile Italy20 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
180.000
200.000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total primary energy supply (TPES) and energy independence
Production TPES Energy independence
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
21/44
Supply
Energy balance sheet
| Country Profile Italy21 Source: Autorità per Energia Elettrica Gas e Sistema idrico
Comparison:
• 2014: Oil+Gas+ Solids represent 73.1%
• 2004: Oil+Gas+ Solids represent 87.3%
Source MToe % Trend
Gas 50.70 30.5
Petroleum 57.30 34.5 ↓
Renewable energies 35.34 21.2 ↑
Solid fuels 13.47 8.1
Electricity (import- export) 9.61 5.8
Nuclear 0 0
Total (gross domestic consumpion) 166.43 ↓
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
22/44
Supply
Electricity
| Country Profile Italy22 Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data
0
50
100
150
200
250300
350
400
1970 1990 2010 2012 2014
Electricity consumption inTWh
19%
6%
38%
17%
5%
5%
8%2%
Electricity production by source
Hydro
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass andwaste
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Production of electric ity from RES: 2013: 38.6% - 2014: 43.1%
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
23/44
Supply
Electricity
| Country Profile Italy23 Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data
18%
6%
7%
45%
2%
7%
14%1%
Power capacity by source
Hydro
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass andwaste
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
19%
6%
38%
17%
5%
5%
8%2%
Electric ity production by source
Hydro
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass andwaste
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Production of electric ity from RES: 2013: 38.6% - 2014: 43.1%
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
24/44
Supply
Interconnectors (electrici ty)
Italy has interconnection capacity w ith 6 countries: Switzerland, France,
Greece, Slovenia, Austria and Malta
Italian electrici ty imports represented more about 15% of total consumption
in 2014 (46 TWh ; 100%=309TWh)
Terna is developing projects for new submarine interconnections in the
Balkan area
• A new connection with Montenegro will represent the first 1,000 MW
electricity bridge with the Balkan area
• Several studies are being developed for new submarine interconnectionswith Tunisia, Croatia and Albania
| Country Profile Italy24
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
25/44
Supply
Gas
Gas: import covers about 90% of i talian gas need.
Algeria (12%), Russia (46%), Libya (11%) and Netherlands (7%) are the mainsources of gas import from ducts (2014).
LNG is shipped from Qatar (7%); Italy has 3 regassification units.
The trend is a slow decline in the use of the gas: the peak was reached in
2005 (71 Mtoe, whi le in 2014 it was 50,7 Mtoe)
The main italian producer is ENI (85%).
Italy has nearly 14 BCM of gas storage capacity
| Country Profile Italy25
Source: MISE: Situazione energetica nazionale 2014
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
26/44
Supply
Interconnectors (gas)
May Italy become the gas hub for the southern Europe?
“South stream” and “Galsi” (Algeria-Sardinia) projects have been delayed(canceled ?).
Trans Adr iatic Pipeline (TAP): Greece- Albania- Italy (from Caspian Sea) isexpected to start in 2016 and should be completed in 2020
| Country Profile Italy26
Snam Rete is investing in the Po Valley gas infrastructures and developing
a reverse flow project towards north-east.• This would make possible to export gas to France and Switzerland
Snam Rete is also developing a South-North project to increase flexibil ity
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
27/44
Supply
Oil
The consumption of oil is decreasing and wil l keep decreasing: in 2000 it
covered 49.5% of need (92.03 MToe ), now i t is 35% (57.27 MToe)
| Country Profile Italy27 Source: Ministero Sviluppo Economico(graph. : Ministero Sviluppo Economico, elaborazione fabiodiscolzi.com)
Crude oil: exporter countries:
• Azerbaijan (17.1%)• Russia (15.9%)
• Iraq (11.8%)
• Saudi Arabia (10.9%)
• Kazakhstan (8,3%)• Libya (7.8%)
Others: 29.2%
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
28/44
Demand
Overview
| Country Profile Italy28 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
25%
32%
27%
14%
2%
Energy consumption by sector
Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012
Energy consumption, Mtoe
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
29/44
Demand
Industry
| Country Profile Italy29 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
Electricity and natural gas are the main consumption sources
9%
11%
32%
37%
9%2%
Industry energy consumption by source
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biofuels & waste
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
30/44
Oil is the most important source of consumption in the transport
sector
Demand
Transport
| Country Profile Italy30 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
91%
2%3% 4%
Energy consumption characterization in transport
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biofuel and waste
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
31/44
Demand
Services
| Country Profile Italy31 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
Electricity and gas are the main consumptions in the service
sector
4%
46%49%
0% 1%
Service sector energy characterization
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biofuel and waste
Heat
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
32/44
Demand
Residential
| Country Profile Italy32 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
Electricity and gas are the main consumption sources
0% 9%
58%
19%
12%2%
Energy consumption characterization in residential
Solids
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biofuel and wasteHeat
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
33/44
Prices
National Energy Bill (B€)
33
Fuel Industry Transport Households &
Services
Total
Coal 0 - - 0
Oil 2 60 7 69
Gas 4 - 19 23
Electricity 28 - 35 63
Heat 2 - 1 3
Total 35 60 63 158
| Country Profile Italy
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
34/44
Prices
Electricity prices w.r.t. neighbours
34
Constant price in US$cents05 of electricity in industry (taxes incl.)
Unit 1980 2013 2014 Unit 1980 2013 2014
Belgium
USc05/kWh
11.1
10.1
9.9
Z-score
0.1
0.3
0.1
France USc05/kWh 11.5 10.0 9.9 Z-score 0.2 0.3 0.1
Germany USc05/kWh 11.5 13.9 14.8 Z-score 0.2 1.2 1.2
Italy USc05/kWh 14.6 25.6 25.9 Z-score 0.8 4.0 3.8
Spain USc05/kWh 9,92 13,09 14,26 Z-score -0,12 1,05 1,09
Switzerland USc05/kWh 13.4 9.5 9.5 Z-score 0.6 0.2 0.0
Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data| Country Profile Italy
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
35/44
Prices
Gas prices w.r.t. neighbours
35 Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data
Constant price in US$05 of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.) GCV
Unit 1980 2013 2014 Unit 1980 2013 2014
Belgium USc05/kWh 2.5 3.9 3.3 Z-score -0.4 0.1 -0.2
France USc05/kWh 2.9 4.3 4.1 Z-score -0.3 0.4 0.3
Germany USc05/kWh 2.7 4.1 3.8 Z-score -0.3 0.2 0.2
Italy USc05/kWh 3.3 4.2 4.0 Z-score -0.1 0.3 0.3
Spain USc05/kWh 4,26 3,56 3,55 Z-score 0,15 -0,03 -0,01
Switzerland USc05/kWh 5.0 5.2 5.2 Z-score 0.4 0.8 1.0
| Country Profile Italy
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
36/44
Prices
Taxes
36
Oil: 55% taxes in end-consumer prices
• 57% of taxes for the transport sector (56% on diesel and 60% on gasoline)
• 15% for industry
• 44% for household and services
Electric ity: 38%
• 40% of taxes for the industry
• 37% for household and services
Gas: 27% tax
• 21% of taxes for the industry
• 28% for household and services
Renewable electric ity fees: A3 component
• Up to 6.51 c€/kWh
| Country Profile Italy Source: ENERDATA – Energy and tax bill
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
37/44
Summary
Simplified Energy Balance
| Country Profile Italy37
Mtoe 1997 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Primary Product ion 33.37 31.04 29.43 30.31 33.89 35.47 37.54 43,82 45,04
Imports 161.11 181.56 197.39 175.44 185.26 175.73 168.63 154,11 143.79
Exports 21.15 21.60 29.67 27.08 30.11 27.57 30.48 24,96 21.26
Stock changes -1.08 5.10 -0.63 -1.67 1,26 -0.58 -0.62 -0.02 1.15
Gross inland consumption
174.41 185.90 197.77 180.34 187.79 184.20 176.31 172.99 166.43
Avai lab le for f inal consumption 127.66 134.84 146.59 132.71 138.58 134.90 127.86 126.59 120.80
• Industry 37.21 40.18 41.06 29.26 32,15 32.66 30.19 28.18 27.71
• Transport 38.87 41.51 43.96 42.50 42.42 42.47 38.56 37.82 39.09
• Residential + service 37.53 39.70 47.06 46.37 49.13 46.45 46.89 49.51 44.23
• Agriculture 3.20 3.23 3.40 3.29 3.04 3.01 2.78 2.74 2.69
• Non-energy uses
8.445 7.50 7.68 7.22 8,39 6.90 6.49 5.91 4.78
• Bunkers 2.40 2.70 3.42 3.37 3.47 3.41 2.96 2.43 2.30
Efficiency of transformation 73,2% 72,5% 74.1% 73.5% 73.7% 73.2% 72.5% 73.1% 72.5%
Energy independence 19.1% 16.7% 14.9% 16.8% 18,0% 19.2% 21.3% 25.3% 27.0%
Source: Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico – DGSAIE – Statistiche e analisi energetiche e minerarie
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
38/44
Country Comparison on Energy use from
1960 to 2012 (ktoe)
| Country Profile Italy38
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
39/44
Summary
Extended Energy Balance
ktoe Solids Oil Gas RES Biomass Nuclear Electricity Total
Primary Production 51 5,629 7,046 11,487 7,641 0 0 31,885
Imports 15,978 85,421 55,451 0 2,807 0 3,905 163,562
Exports -213 -30,379 -114 0 -56 0 -198 -30,959
Bunkers
0 -5,568 0 0 0 0 0 -5,568
Stock changes 483 443 -1,045 0 30 0 0 -89
Gross inland consumption 16,299 55,547 61,338 11,487 10,421 0 3,707 158,800
Available for consumption 2,608 49,502 35,811 273 5,499 0 25,520 122,645
Industry 2,464 3,268 9,040 10 465 0 10,348 28,178
Transport
0 33,170 886 0 1,368 0 925 36,349Services 0 633 7,274 98 46 0 7,764 31,325
Residential 3 2,809 18,111 117 3,619 0 5,973 15,930
Agriculture 0 1,961 129 18 2 0 501 2,625
Non-energy uses 141 7,369 371 0 0 0 0 7,880
| Country Profile Italy39 Source: IEA Energy Balances of OECD Countries
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
40/44
Summary
Specifics
Some controversial matters about big infrastructures:
• Electric interconnector from Montenegro
• Gas duct from Algeria (GALSI project)
The “ Unlock Italy” make the drill ing for oil and gas easier. A referendum will
be held in April, in order to limit the the duration of dr illing concessions.
| Country Profile Italy40
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
41/44
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
42/44
Sources
Macroeconomic indicators: http://databank.worldbank.org
Energy Balances: Eurostat, IEA, Enerdata
Energy Prices: Eurostat, Enerdata
Country Report, Global Energy Research (Enerdata)
Country Report, www.reegle.info European Commission: Progress towards completing the IEM
World Energy Counci l: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey
American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy: “ 2014
International Energy Efficiency Scorecard”
| Country Profile Italy42
http://databank.worldbank.org/http://www.reegle.info/http://aceee.org/research-report/e1402http://aceee.org/research-report/e1402http://aceee.org/research-report/e1402http://aceee.org/research-report/e1402http://aceee.org/research-report/e1402http://www.reegle.info/http://databank.worldbank.org/
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
43/44
Sources (in Italian)
Ministero dello Sviluppo economico: “ Bilancio Energetico
Nazionale”
GSE: “ Rapporto statistico - Energia da fonti rinnovabili 2014” (Dec.
2015).
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico: “ Situazione energetica
nazionale nel 2014” , (July 2015)
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico: “ Strategia energetica
Nazionale” (Mar.2013)
| Country Profile Italy43
http://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/ben/ben_2014.pdfhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/ben/ben_2014.pdfhttp://www.gse.it/_layouts/GSE_Portal2011.Structures/GSEPortal2011_FileDownload.aspx?FileUrl=http://www.gse.it//it/Dati%20e%20Bilanci//GSE_Documenti/osservatorio+statistico/Rapporto+statistico+GSE+-+2014.pdf&SiteUrl=http://www.gse.it//it/Dati%20e%20Bilhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/downloads/situazione_energetica_nazionale_2014_v4_con_allegati.pdfhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/downloads/situazione_energetica_nazionale_2014_v4_con_allegati.pdfhttp://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/20130314_Strategia_Energetica_Nazionale.pdfhttp://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/20130314_Strategia_Energetica_Nazionale.pdfhttp://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/20130314_Strategia_Energetica_Nazionale.pdfhttp://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/20130314_Strategia_Energetica_Nazionale.pdfhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/downloads/situazione_energetica_nazionale_2014_v4_con_allegati.pdfhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/downloads/situazione_energetica_nazionale_2014_v4_con_allegati.pdfhttp://www.gse.it/_layouts/GSE_Portal2011.Structures/GSEPortal2011_FileDownload.aspx?FileUrl=http://www.gse.it//it/Dati%20e%20Bilanci//GSE_Documenti/osservatorio+statistico/Rapporto+statistico+GSE+-+2014.pdf&SiteUrl=http://www.gse.it//it/Dati%20e%20Bilhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/ben/ben_2014.pdfhttp://dgsaie.mise.gov.it/dgerm/ben/ben_2014.pdf
8/19/2019 Italy Profile Final Feb 2016
44/44
Thank you
For more information please contact:[email protected]
[email protected]@copperalliance.it