Islam Spreads

Abu BakrA. Caliph: "successor to the Prophet"B. Abu Bakr- successor to MuhammadC. Battle of tours- stopped further advancement

of Islam into Europe

Abu BakrD. Treatment of the

Conquered– Did not require conversion

to IslamE. Muslims in Europe– Muslims, Christians and

Jews – all monotheistic

Movements within IslamA. Division over Successor

1. Sunni agreed to accept Muawiyah as caliph2. Shiites insisted that only Ali’s descendants should

be caliphs• Schism- a division or a split 90% of Muslims are Sunni

3. Sufi- Muslim mystics

Empire of the Caliphs

A. Umayyad Family1. Problems:

a. adapting from desert to city lifeb. contention between rich & poorc. Shiites hate Umayyads

Empire of the CaliphsB. Abbasid Dynasty

1. Golden Age of the Middle East2. Ended Arab

dominance• Killed off the

Umayyad family

Empire of the CaliphsC. Baghdad

1. Becomes new capital with greater size & wealth than Constantinople

2. Minaret- Slender tower of a mosque

Decline of the CaliphateA. 900-1400: Invaders

1. Seljuk Turksa. Sultan: Turkish ruler

2. Genghis Khan first to lead Mongols into Middle East

3. Convert to Islam