IslamReligions of the world
Islam – 2nd largest religion1.3 billion followers on 3 continents7 million Muslims in United StatesIslam is religion, Muslims are followersMosques – places of worship for Muslims
IslamFounded by Muhammad – descendant of Abraham (Ismael)
Abraham first prophet, Muhammad last prophet Muhammad – b orn in 571 A.D. in Mecca (Saudi
Arabia)Monotheistic religion from Judaism
Believe in one god – no trinityGabriel – highest ranking angel
Islam
Recognizes prophets – Abraham, Moses, Isaac, Jesus, John the Baptist, Ishmael, Joseph, Soloman, etc.
Believes Mary was consecrated by God Special place for Jesus and Mary in Koran
History of Muhammad• 622 “Hijra”or Escape. Muhammad and
followers escape prosecution and go to Almadinah (Yathrib). Year 1 in the Islamic calendar ‘Missionaries’ sent all over Arabia
– building peaceful coalition
• 629 Muhammad conquers Mecca peacefully (NO REVENGE) destroys idols in Alqaaba. single-handedly, brings peace to war-torn
Arabia
• 632 Muhammad dies in Almadinah. Unmarked grave (his will)
Quraiysh
Qussaiy
Abdmanaf
Abdshams Hashem
(Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth
(661-750) (750-1258)
Muhammad Ali
Adbelmuttalib
Ummayah Dynasty Abbbassides Dynasty
Abraham
Ismail
Adnan
Family Line from Abraham to Muhammad
Holy book – Koran (Quran) 114 chapters of Scripture Confirms most narratives and prophets
of the Jewish and Christian faiths Special place for Virgin Mary, the only female (the
Chapter of Mary)
Arabic God – Allah
5 Pillars of Islam 1. The Declaration of Faith:
• "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God"
2. Prayer: • Five obligatory prayers each day. • A direct link between the worshiper and God. • No hierarchical authority or priesthood
3. Zakat: • Obligatory charitable giving. • Wealth belong to God and it is held in trust by humans.• Zakat, or, "purification" by setting aside a portion (2.5%)
for the needy 4. Fasting:
• From sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage: • A pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, Arabia. Only those who can
Sunni vs. Shiha (struggle) Sunni – 90% of Muslims• Follow the Quran and the Hadeeth as we
have them today, and as interpreted by the Sunni scholars
• When Muhammad died – leadership passed to close friend/advisor who believed Islam
• Believe in strict
Shihas Shiha – 10% of Muslims
• When Muhammad died – leadership should stay in
his family
• Came to be as a sect after 680 A.D.
• Believe in the Quran and Hadeeth, like Sunni• Today Shiah is mainly in Iran (90%), Iraq (55%)
and Lebanon (~40%) Believe in strict orders in hierarchy, Ayatollahs
rule Iran instead of president Mostly in Iraq, Iran and Bahrain
Role of Jihad• Islam is not addicted to war, and jihad is
not one of its "pillars”• Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy
war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”. • It is the difficult effort needed to put
God's will into practice at every level• The "greater jihad” in the Quran is that
of the soul, of the tongue, of the pen, of faith, of morality, etc. The "smaller jihad" is that of arms.
• Much of the Koran revealed in the context of an all-out war imposed on
early Muslims by the powerful city of Mecca, and many passages deal with the
conduct of armed struggle.
While one finds "slay [enemies] wherever you find them!" in almost every case it is followed by something like "if they let you be, and do not make war on you, and offer you peace, God does not allow you to harm them" (2:90; 4: 90; 5: 2; 8: 61; 22: 39)
Since good and evil cannot be equal, repel thou evil with something that is better, and love he between whom and thy self was enmity may then become as though he had always been close unto thee, a true friend" (41:34)
• God does not allow harm of civilian, and requests the protection of women, children and the elderly during war (4:96; 9: 91; 48: 16,17)
• You shall feed and protect prisoners of war, and you shall not expect a reward (4: 25,36; 5:24)
Thus, the only permissible war in the Quran is one of self-defense, you cannot kill unarmed (civilian), and you have to protect prisoners of war
Role of War
Role of Women• Eliminated many pre-Islamic discriminatory practices• Gave women rights (e.g., inheritance) and equality to men,
both were made from a single soul (e.g., 4:1) • Limited the number of wives a man can marry• Treat women with kindness and respect their rights as equal to
men
The hijab or head scarf• Modest dress apply to women and men equally (Quran and
Hadith). • Women are required to cover their bodies so that their figure
is not revealed. • Women are not required to cover their faces.
• The forbidden or ‘taboo’ (muharramat) include pork, blood, improperly butchered animals, baby animals, gambling, and charging interest
• Alcohol drinking was gradually disallowed
Women’s clothing 1st Requirement – women’s entire bodies
must be covered, but their faces and hands may be shown Abide by ‘awrah
2nd Requirement – garment must be loose enough so not to show shape of women’s body
3rd Requirement – garment must be thick enough not to reveal women’s skin color or shape
4th Requirement – must not draw attention to them, be showy or flashy
Mens’ clothing Similar four requirements of women
Cover man’s ‘awrah Loose clothing Thick clothing Not draw attention to man, not showy or
flashy clothes
Additional requirements for men and women Shouldn’t be similar to other gender Shouldn’t be similar to non-believers Shouldn’t show vanity or fame
Famous Muslims Muhammad Ali Malcolm X Jermaine Jackson – Michael’s brother Dave Chapelle Mike Tyson Ice Cube Ryan Harris – NFL player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
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