Burp a baby at least twice during a feeding. Depending on how
much the baby is drinking, try burping at least once during a
feeding and once after a feeding. Find the most comfortable
position to burp a baby. Many caregivers lay the baby across their
knees. Others hold the baby across their chests with the baby/s
head above their shoulders. Pat the baby on the back to induce the
burp. A gentle tap works as well as a firmer one, so be very
gentle. Protect your clothing. Put a towel or cloth under the
baby/s head to catch any liquid that comes up.
Slide 9
Slide 10
Breastfeeding protects babies 1.Early breast milk is liquid
gold Known as liquid gold, colostrum is the thick yellow first
breast milk that you make during pregnancy and just after birth.
This milk is very rich in nutrients and antibodies to protect your
baby. Although your baby only gets a small amount of colostrum at
each feeding, it matches the amount his or her tiny stomach can
hold. (Visit How to know your baby is getting enough milk to see
just how small your newborns tummy is!) 2.Your breast milk changes
as your baby grows Colostrum changes into what is called mature
milk. By the third to fifth day after birth, this mature breast
milk has just the right amount of fat, sugar, water, and protein to
help your baby continue to grow. It is a thinner type of milk than
colostrum, but it provides all of the nutrients and antibodies your
baby needs. 3.Breast milk is easier to digest For most babies
especially premature babies breast milk is easier to digest than
formula. The proteins in formula are made from cows milk and it
takes time for babies stomachs to adjust to digesting them.
Slide 11
4.Breast milk fights disease The cells, hormones, and
antibodies in breast milk protect babies from illness. This
protection is unique; formula cannot match the chemical makeup of
human breast milk. In fact, among formula- fed babies, ear
infections and diarrhea are more common. Formula-fed babies also
have higher risks of: Necrotizing the gastrointestinal tract in
preterm infants. Lower respiratory infections Asthma Obesity Type 2
diabetes Some research shows that breastfeeding can also reduce the
risk of Type 1 diabetes, childhood leukemia, and atopic dermatitis
(a type of skin rash) in babies. Breastfeeding has also been shown
to lower the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome).
Slide 12
Mothers benefit from breastfeeding 1.Life can be easier when
you breastfeed Breastfeeding may take a little more effort than
formula feeding at first. But it can make life easier once you and
your baby settle into a good routine. Plus, when you breastfeed,
there are no bottles and nipples to sterilize. You do not have to
buy, measure, and mix formula. And there are no bottles to warm in
the middle of the night! You can satisfy your babys hunger right
away when breastfeeding. 2.Breastfeeding can save money Formula and
feeding supplies can cost well over $1,500 each year, depending on
how much your baby eats. Breastfed babies are also sick less often,
which can lower health care costs. 3.Breastfeeding can feel great
Physical contact is important to newborns. It can help them feel
more secure, warm, and comforted. Mothers can benefit from this
closeness, as well. Breastfeeding requires a mother to take some
quiet relaxed time to bond. The skin-to-skin contact can boost the
mothers oxytocin levels. Oxytocin is a hormone that helps milk flow
and can calm the mother.
Slide 13
4.Breastfeeding can be good for the mothers health, too
Breastfeeding is linked to a lower risk of these health problems in
women: Type 2 diabetes Breast cancer Ovarian cancer Postpartum
depression Experts are still looking at the effects of
breastfeeding on osteoporosis and weight loss after birth. Many
studies have reported greater weight loss for breastfeeding mothers
than for those who dont. But more research is needed to understand
if a strong link exists. 5.Mothers miss less work Breastfeeding
mothers miss fewer days from work because their infants are sick
less often.
Slide 14
Slide 15
Get Your Supplies Together Have everything at hand, because you
never want to leave your baby unattended. You'll need: a clean
diaper or two, something to wipe baby with, and a flat surface. If
you use cloth diapers, you'll need a clean diaper cover or
waterproof pants (and pins). If your baby has diaper rash or is
less than a month old, have cotton balls or squares, warm water,
and a towel handy. Always Keep One Hand on Your Baby Wash your
hands and place your baby on the changing table or a flat surface.
Use the safety straps, or make sure to keep one hand on the baby so
he doesn't roll off. Never leave your baby unattended, even for a
minute. If he wiggles a lot, distract him with a mobile or a
brightly colored toy. Undo the dirty diaper, hold your baby's legs
with one hand and use the other hand to pull down the front of the
diaper. Don't remove it just yet.
Slide 16
Wipe From Front to Back First, use the front part of the diaper
to help wipe your baby -- wiping from front to back to avoid a
urinary tract infection. Then use a mild wipe or wet washcloth to
clean baby -- again wiping from front to back. For a newborn or
baby with diaper rash, use cotton balls or squares and warm water.
Pat baby's bottom dry. If you have a boy, keep a clean diaper over
his penis while you're changing him so he doesn't urinate on you.
Swap Dirty Diaper for Clean One Lift baby's legs and slide the
dirty diaper out. Hold your baby's legs to keep him from touching
the messy diaper. Slide a clean diaper underneath your baby. On a
disposable diaper, the adhesive tabs go in back and should be about
belly-button level. Pull the front up between baby's legs. For a
boy, make sure his penis is pointing down so he doesn't pee out of
the top of his diaper.
Slide 17
Use Your Fingers to Test the Fit Close the tabs on a disposable
diaper or pin the corners of a cloth diaper together. Make the
diaper snug, but be sure you can place two fingers between the
diaper and baby's waist. With a newborn, fold the top of the diaper
down so that the umbilical stump is exposed. Or use a newborn
diaper with a cutout for the stump. Take Your Time & Enjoy Many
moms and dads find that diaper changes are a great time to connect
with their babies. After all, you're leaning over your baby,
touching, and talking or cooing to him or her. Your baby is looking
up at you and listening to your voice. Take some time to sing a
song or play peek-a-boo. Although some diaper changes will have to
be done quickly, when you have a few minutes, try to enjoy the
ritual.
Slide 18
Definition: Is an automatic body response to a stimulus. At
birth, the infants physical abilities are limited to reflexes.
Slide 19
The infants reflexes are needed for survival. This reflex
causes infants to turn their heads toward anything that brushes
their faces. This action helps them find a food source such as a
nipple. Once an object is near an infants lips or cheek, a rooting
response will be triggered.
Slide 20
The Moro reflex is sometimes referred to as the startle reflex.
It occurs when a newborn is startled by a noise or sudden
movement.
Slide 21
The Babinski reflex is present at birth in babies who were born
at full term. To test for this reflex, stroke the sole of the foot
on the outside from the heel to the toe. The toes will fan out and
curl and the foot twist in. This reflex usually last for the first
year after birth.
Slide 22
A stepping or walking reflex can be observed in full-term
babies. When an infant is held so the feet are flat on a surface,
the infant will lift one foot after another in a stepping motion.
This reflex usually disappears 2-3 months.
Slide 23
Failure to thrive(FTT): Happens more often with infants than
toddlers. Symptoms include: Lack of weight and height growth as is
typical of other infants and toddlers of the same age.
Slide 24
SIDS: Place infants on their backs for sleep Provide a firm
crib covered by a sheet, keep soft materials, such as comforters,
pillows, and stuffed toys out of the crib Make sure the sleeping
area is a comfortable temp to keep infants from becoming
overheated.