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Page 1: Introduction to Building Services Management Software

Introduction to Building Services Management Software

byPriyantha Bandara

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Presentation Outline Overview Why Building Management Software? Building Information Modelling Building Energy Modelling EnergyPlus Google Sketchup Open Studio Plug-in IES-VE ComfortAir

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Overview

Buildings account for approximately 40% of the global energy consumption and approximately 36% of the total CO2 emissions.

In order to achieve sustainable development, high emphasize is placed on reducing the energy consumption in buildings.

Limit the consequences on the local and global environment by enhancing the performance of buildings and to reduce the carbon footprint.

Performance Analysis of Buildings is a systematic process.

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Why Building Management Software ?

With the rising cost of energy and growing environmental concerns, the demand for sustainable building facilities with minimal environmental impacts is increasing.

Today’s building designers need to satisfy many different criteria to provide high quality, comfortable buildings that also comply with building regulations, minimize life cycle costs to the clients, optimize energy costs and reduce environmental impacts.

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Why Building Management Software contd..?

The most effective decisions regarding sustainability in a building facility are made in the early design and preconstruction stages.

In this context, Building Information Modeling (BIM) can aid in performing complex building performance analyses to ensure an optimized sustainable building design.

Optimal design solutions are not easy to find without sophisticated design and analysis tools

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Typical Building Management Software Applications

Building comfort analysis HVAC systems design Design and analysis of buiding services networks

(Steam, water, gas, compressed air, refrigerants etc.) Estimation of building energy usage Estimation of carbon footprint/emissions of buildings Day-ligting analysis Solar shading analysis Ventilation and airflow analysis Indoor air quality and pollutant dispersion analysis

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Typical Building Management Software Applications contd..

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Thermal Analysis Solar Radiation Analysis

Day-lighting Analysis Air flow Analysis

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Typical Building Management Software Applications contd..

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Building Energy Analysis Solar Shading Analysis

Pollutant Dispersion Analysis Building Services Systems Modelling

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Building Information Modelling Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the process of

generating and managing building data during its life cycle.

A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility.

It serves as a shared knowledge resource of information on a facility forming a reliable base for decision making during its life cycle from inception onwards.

Collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life-cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the model to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. 9

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Building Information Modelling

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Building Information Modelling

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Building Information Modelling contd..

Building Information Modelling covers geometry, spatial relationships, lighting analysis, geographic information, quantities and properties of building components (for example manufacturers' details)

BIM can be used to demonstrate the entire building life cycle, including the processes of construction and facility operation

Dynamic information of the building, such as sensor measurements and control signals from the building systems, can also be incorporated within BIM to support analysis of building operation and maintenance

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Building Information Modelling contd..

The potential to simulate building performance using BIM is among the emerging technologies and one of the future thrust areas.

As these tools develop, many engineering firms are devising ways to share data among their BIM models and energy modelling programs

Interoperability is defined as the ability to manage and communicate electronic project data among collaborative firms and among different departments (design, procurement, construction, maintenance, and business promotion etc.) of the same company

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Building Energy Modelling

This is the key element of the broader discipline of building simulation.

A field that studies thermal aspects, day lighting, moisture control, airflow & indoor air quality and acoustics of buildings.

Involves modelling the aspects that have a direct impact on energy usage and thermal comfort of buildings.

An energy model is a representation of a building for the purpose of building energy simulation. It consists of all the design and operating parameters associated with the energy consumption of that building.

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Building Energy Modelling contd..

Design parameters include Building envelope parameters (Building shape,

Orientation, Wall-to-window ratio, Insulation aspects, Glazing, Shading factors etc.)

Installed electrical power for lighting and user equipment

Occupancy levels Activity levels HVAC systems capacity Building services system specifications

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Building Energy Modelling contd..

Operating parameters include operational aspects on

Building lighting User equipment Occupancy Activity Processes HVAC controls Other utility data

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• Application of physical laws leads to a set of governing equations among the variables of the physical model (Building), which together constitute the mathematical model.

• Energy balance equations for building zone air and building surface heat transfer will be solved by the energy modelling tool.

• Coded and subsequently run on a computer to obtain a converged solution.

Building Energy Modelling contd..

Governing Principles

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Governing Principles contd.. Energy balance for building air

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Energy balance for building surfaces

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Computational Model

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Building Energy Modelling contd..

The simulation utilizes the energy model data, combines it with historic weather data, and estimates the performance of the entire building and system components on hourly/daily/annual basis.

As a design tool, energy models provide a comparative analysis between different options/scenarios. This can occur during the conceptual stage to determine the energy impacts of an architectural form or can occur later in the design to evaluate the impact of a specific choice of the building.

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Building Energy Modelling contd..

As an accounting tool, energy models are most often used to compare a proposed design against a benchmark. Building energy rating systems (LEED, Green Star, BREEAM etc.), National energy codes and tax incentives are all examples of using energy models in this capacity.

As a financial justification tool, energy models must be used very cautiously. It is critical that the energy models are properly validated and calibrated prior to utilizing them.

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Building Energy Software

Autodesk Green Building Studio DesignBuilder ECOTECT EnergyPlus eQUEST ESP-r Integrated Environmental Solutions –

Virtual Environment (IES-VE)

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EnergyPlus

State-of-the-art building energy modelling tool that has an enormous reputation for high accuracy of results

A new generation building energy modelling tool based on DoE (U.S. Department of Energy)-2 and BLAST (Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics), with numerous added capabilities

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EnergyPlus contd..

EnergyPlus is an energy analysis and thermal load simulation program based on a user's description of a building from the perspective of the building's physical make-up and associated mechanical and other systems.

EnergyPlus calculates heating and cooling loads necessary to maintain thermal control set points, HVAC system and coil loads, and the energy consumption of primary plant equipment.

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EnergyPlus Key Characteristics

Integrated, simultaneous solution where the building response and the primary and secondary systems are tightly coupled

Sub-hourly, user-definable time steps for the interaction between the thermal zones and the environment; variable time steps for interactions between the thermal zones and the HVAC systems

ASCII text based weather, input, and output files that include hourly or sub-hourly environmental conditions, and standard and user definable reports, respectively

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EnergyPlus Key Characteristics contd..

Heat balance based solution technique for building thermal loads that allows for simultaneous calculation of radiant and convective effects at both in the interior and exterior surface during each time step

Transient heat conduction through building elements such as walls, roofs, floors, etc. using conduction transfer functions

Improved ground heat transfer modeling through links to three-dimensional finite difference ground models and simplified analytical techniques

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EnergyPlus Key Characteristics contd..

Combined heat and mass transfer modelling Thermal comfort models based on activity, inside dry

bulb, humidity, etc. Anisotropic sky model for improved calculation of

diffused solar radiation on tilted surfaces Advanced fenestration calculations including

controllable window blinds, glazings, layer-by-layer heat balances that allow proper assignment of solar energy absorbed by window panes, and a performance library for numerous commercially available windows

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EnergyPlus Key Characteristics contd..

Daylighting controls including interior illuminance calculations, glare simulation and control, luminaire controls.

Emissions / pollutants calculations that predict CO2, SOx, NOx, CO, particulate matter concentrations, and hydrocarbon production for both on site and remote energy conversions

EnergyPlus is a stand-alone simulation program without a 'user friendly' graphical interface.

EnergyPlus reads input and writes output as text files.

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Google Sketchup

Google Sketchup is a free 3-D modelling program produced by Google.

A three-dimensional design and modelling environment allows users to draw the outlines, or perimeters, of objects in a two-dimensional manner, similar to pencil and paper, already familiar to them.

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Google Sketchup contd..

The two-dimensional, planar faces created by a user can then be pushed and pulled by editing tools within the environment to easily and intuitively model three-dimensional volumes and geometries.

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Open Studio plug-in

Open Studio is a free plug-in for the Google SketchUp 3D drawing program. The plug-in makes it easy to create and edit the building geometry in EnergyPlus input files.

The plug-in also allows you to launch EnergyPlus simulations and view the results without leaving Google SketchUp. 31

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Open Studio plug-in contd..

OpenStudio was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Designed to integrate seamlessly with the SketchUp environment, the plug-in allows to use the standard SketchUp tools to create and edit EnergyPlus zones and surfaces.

The plug-in adds the building energy simulation capabilities of EnergyPlus to the Google SketchUp environment.

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Open Studio plug-in contd..

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Number of iterations depends on the nature of the problem

Run until convergence takes place

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Open Studio plug-in contd..

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Adopted Methodology

Converged Data

IDF Editor

Creation of Input File (*.idf)

Google Sketchup 8.0+

Open Studio plug-in 1.0.7

Building Geometry

Geographical, Construction, Electrical, Mechanical & Thermal Data of the

building

Computer Simulation using EnergyPlus 7.0

Weather File (*.epw) xEsoView

Plots of output data

Text files of output data (*.err, *.audit, *.bnd, *.mtd, *.shd, *eio, *.mdd, *.rdd)

*.eso

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IES Virtual Environment

IES-VE is a modern example of dynamic building energy simulation software

It consists of a suite of integrated analysis tools, which can be used to investigate the performance of a building either retrospectively or during the design stages of a construction project

Interaction between the user and the software is done through a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

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IES Virtual Environment contd.. IES-VE is commercially available software, and is regularly used within the building services industry It is a powerful piece of software, which is capable of modelling complicated building environments A model of a building can be constructed within VE, which can then be analyzed in a variety of ways It is capable of analyzing the viability of day-lighting and investigating the effectiveness of natural

ventilation Thermal analysis can be performed either in steady-state or dynamic mode of energy consumption

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IES Virtual Environment contd..

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ComfortAir

ComfortAir has been developed as a heating and air conditioning load analysis application, with the needs of the engineer, architect, energy auditor, building manager and contractor in mind

Whether the need is to obtain a summary report for the peak conditions, or to obtain detailed hourly information in graphical or tabular forms, ComfortAir will have the required information readily available.

This includes cooling reports, cooling graphs, heating reports, glass shading reports and glass shading graphs.

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ComfortAir contd..

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ComfortAir contd..

ComfortAir contains weather and other necessary data for 1,989 cities and localities in 163 countries across the globe, meaning that the application can be used for virtually any location in the world.

The load calculation methodology used by ComfortAir, is based on ASHRAE's CLTD/CLF method, which uses cooling load temperature difference and cooling load factors.

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