Module 01: Core Skills
Introduction to ANSYS Meshing
Dr. Ahmed Nagib Elmekawy
In this lecture we will learn:
• Meshing Fundamentals
• ANSYS Meshing interface
• Geometry concepts
• Meshing methods
• Diagnostics & Usability
• Display Option
• Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics
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Overview
Preprocessing Workflow
Geometry Import / Creation
Geometry Cleanup / Modifications
MeshingPreprocessingand Solution
3
Mesh Process & Course Plan
4
CoreSkills
Module 1
MeshingMethods
Module 2
GlobalControls
Module 3
LocalControls
Module 4
Mesh Quality
Module 5
ANSYS Meshing is a component of ANSYS Workbench
• Meshing platform
• Combines and builds on strengths of preprocessing offerings from ANSYS:
– ICEM CFD, TGRID (Fluent Meshing), CFX-Mesh, Gambit
Able to adapt and create Meshes for different Physics and Solvers
• CFD: Fluent, CFX and POLYFLOW
• Mechanical: Explicit dynamics, Implicit
• Electromagnetic
Integrates directly with other WB systems
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What is ANSYS Meshing
Purpose of the Mesh
• Equations are solved at cell/nodal locations–Domain is required to be divided into
discrete cells (meshed)
Mesh Requirements
• Efficiency & Accuracy
– Refine (smaller cells) for high solution gradients and fine geometric detail.
– Coarse mesh (larger cells) elsewhere.
• Quality
– Solution accuracy & stability deteriorates as mesh cells deviate from ideal shape
Meshing Fundamentals
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Fluid Flow (Fluent), Static Structural,…
ANSYS Meshing is launched within Workbench
– 2 ways:
From Analysis SystemsMesh
From Component Systems
Double click Mesh in the
System
or right click and select Edit
Launching ANSYS Meshing
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Mesh Metrics
Graphics window
Section Planes
Manage views
Details view
Outline
Toolbars
Units BarEntity Details Bar
Message window
Worksheet
Graphical User Interface
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Three default sections
• Geometry
– Bodies
• Coordinate Systems– Default global & user defined systems
• Mesh
– Meshing operations (controls & methods)
▪ displayed in the order in which they are inserted
In the tree
• Right clicking on any object– launches a context sensitive menu
– Example: contains commands to generate, preview, clear mesh etc.
Outline
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Accessing Object Details
• Select an object (in the Outline)
– Related information to that object are displayed in the Details View below
– Ex: Select a body (“Fluid”) in the Outline
• Details of “Fluid” : contains graphical and geometric details
– To access meshing details
• Click the Mesh object or any of the inserted objects
• The Details View provides options to– review,
– edit, or
– input
values for every object in the Tree
Details View
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• Geometry composed of Multiple parts
– No connection between parts (no face sharing)
‘Contact Region’ is automaticallycreated between2 faces
Each part meshed independently
Results in Non-conformal interface.Meshes do not match.
No nodes connection.
Independent faces
Grid interface- Fluent
GGI - CFX
Geometry Configuration – Multiple Parts
Contact -Mechanical
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• Hexa: Concentration in one direction– Angles unchanged
• Tetra: Concentration in one direction– Angles change
• Prism: Concentration in one direction– Angles unchanged
Hexa vs. Tetra
Hexa
Tetra
Prism
Tetra (in volume)
Prisms (near wall)
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• Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part
– Depend on ‘Shared Topology method’ (in DM)
• None
– Results in a no connection between the bodies (similar tomultiple parts)
• Automatic
Common face acts as ‘Interior’
Note: The CFX users will still get duplicate nodes at interface in CFX, which is fine for its solver
Geometry Configuration – Multi-bodyParts
Faces in contact imprinted & fused toform a single face shared between 2 bodies
Results inConformal mesh
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• Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part
• Imprints
Faces are imprinted on each other ➔ ‘like’ faces
Contact Regionis automaticallycreated
non conformal interface
For identical mesh on these faces, use ‘Match Control’ Results in unconnected mesh
Grid interface- Fluent
GGI - CFX
Geometry Configuration – Multiple – body Parts
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Part/Body based• Meshing occurs at part or
body level.• Meshing Methods are scoped
to individual bodies.
• Method assignment can be automatic or manual.
• Bodies contained in one partare conformally meshed.
• 3D cell Types
• First Meshing Approach
Part/Body Methods
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• Tetrahedrons.− Tetras only
• Sweep.− Prisms & hexahedrons
• MultiZone.− Mainly hexahedron
• Hex Dominant− Not for CFD
• Automatic.− Sweep + PC Tet (Depends
on bodies) or PC Tet
Meshing – 3D Geometry (1)
• Second Meshing Approach (mainly for CFD users)
Cut Cell MeshingAssembly Meshing• Meshes an entire model in one
process.− Assembly of parts
• Performs boolean operations.− Volume filling, intersection &
combination
− Does not require prior fluid bodydefinition or shared topology.
• Conformal mesh created across parts.
Assembly MeshingMethods• Generate mainly
− Hexahedrons− Tetrahedrons
Part/Body Meshing & Assembly Meshing
not interoperable
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Meshing – 3D Geometry (2)
Default meshdisplay
Turning wireframe mode on
Turning on Mesh display bybodyconnection.
Diagnostics: Mesh display By Body Connection (New in R17.0)
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Named Selections are groups of geometric or finite element entities:
• Named selections can be created either by selecting the desired items and clicking the “NamedSelection” icon in the context toolbar or RMB > Named Selection OR using the named selectionworksheet (shown later).
• Named selections must be composed of “like” entities (all surfaces or all edges, all nodes, etc.).
RMB
Named Selections (1)
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A new criteria selection can be based on an initial selection:
• Make an initial selection followed by a RMB > “Create Named Selection”.
• Note, initial selection must be a single entity.
RMB >
Selection here will create the first row of the worksheet.
Convert to nodal named selection immediately.
Named Selections (2)
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In many detail window fields Named Selections can be referenced directly:− In the Details view, change “Scoping Method” from “Geometry Selection” to “Named
Selection”− Select the “Named Selection” from the pull-down menu
− A named selection toolbar provides quick access to basic controls “View > Toolbars > Named Selections”:
Named Selections (3)
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Usability: Option to save mesh out to separate file (New in R17.0)
● When “Save Mesh Data in Separate File” is on the mesh is saved as a separate file (*.acmo).
● Duplication, Resume, Replace, and Save will handle the separate database and acmo files.
● Clear generated data will not remove the acmo file. Reset will remove the acmo file.
● Design Points (also w/RSM) support the separate database and acmo files.
This functionality is particularly helpful on Linuxto keep file sizes smaller.
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Usability: Better Meshing Status in R17.0
● Progress is reported as parts are meshed in parallel● As a part is meshed the topology (edges, faces, bodies) are highlighted to show what is
being worked on– This can be turned off by unchecking “Highlight”– If user stops meshing, entity will stay highlighted, allowing user to find problematic geometry easier
If user stops meshing, parts that have been meshed are done. Restarting meshing resumes only with unmeshed parts
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● Mesh controls can now be grouped for easierorganization
● Option: Group All Similar Children, will group all objects based on type
● Options to suppress, rename, nest groups, ungroup, delete objects in group
● Drag and drop capabilities to modify the grouping
Usability: Folders for Meshing Controls in R17.0
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• Displays mesh color by quality metrics
• Options to probe quality or show min/max
• Contour band can be adjusted
Display meshcontours
Find Min orMax value
Probe ElementValues
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Display Option: Color by quality
Displays internal elements of the mesh
• Elements on either side of plane can be displayed
• Toggle between cut or whole elements display
• Elements on the plane
Edit Section Plane button can be used to drag section plane to new location• Clicking on “Edit Section Plane” button will make section plane’s anchor to appear
Multiple section planes are allowed
For large meshes, it is advisable to switch to
geometry mode (click on geometry in the Tree
Outline), create the section plane and then go
back to mesh model
Section Planes (1)
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Section Planes (2)
● Shaded section planes (New in R17.0)
– Shaded or hollow section plane
– Plot by body color or same color for section plane
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• Displays mesh information for Nodes and Elements
• List of quality criteria for the Mesh Metric
– Different physics and different solvers have different requirements for mesh quality
Mesh metrics available in Workbench Meshing include:
– Element Quality– Aspect Ratio– Jacobean Ration– Warping Factor– Parallel Deviation– Maximum Corner Angle– Skewness– Orthogonal Quality
For Multi-Body Parts, go to corresponding body in TreeOutline
to get its separate mesh statistics per part/body
Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics
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• Displays Mesh Metrics graph for the element quality distribution
• Different element types are plotted withdifferent color bars
• Can be accessed through menu bar using Metric Graph button
• Axis range can be adjusted using controls button (details next slide)
• Click on bars to view corresponding elements in the graphics window– Use to help locate poor quality elements
Mesh Metric Graph
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Mesh Metric Graph Controls
• Elements on Y-Axis can be plotted with two methods;– Number of Elements
– Percentage of Volume/Area
• Options to change the range on either axis
• Specify which element types to include in graph
– Tet4 = 4 Node Linear Tetrahedron
– Hex8 = 8 Node Linear Hexahedron
– Wed6 = 6 Node Linear Wedge (Prism)
– Pyr5 = 5 Node Linear Pyramid
– Quad4 = 4 Node Linear Quadrilateral
– Tri3 = 3 Node Linear Triangle
• Te10, Hex20, Wed15, Pyr13, Quad8 & Tri6 non-linear elements
For more information about the different mesh metrics please consult module 05: MeshQuality
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What have we learnt in this session:
• The global process to run ANSYS Meshing
• On overview of the interface and
• The various Geometry configurations
– Multipleparts
– Multi-body parts
– Multiple body parts
• Meshing methods– Part/body based
– Assembly meshing
• Section Planes
• Diagnostics & Usability
• Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics
• Display option
And the associated
shared topology option
Summary
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Workshop 1.1 CFD – ANSYS WB Meshing Basics
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Workshop 1.1 FEA – ANSYS WB Meshing Basics
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Module 2: Meshing Methods
Introduction to ANSYS Meshing
Meshing Methods
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What you will learn from this presentation
• Meshing Methods for Part/Body Meshing
– Assembly Meshing covered separately
• Methods & Algorithms for;
– Tetrahedral Meshing
– Hex Meshing
– 2D Meshing
• Meshing Multiple Bodies
– Selective Meshing
– Recording Meshing Order
Preprocessing Workflow
Sketches and
Planes
Geometry Import
Options
3D Operations
Direct CAD/Bi-
DirectionalCAD
Geometry
Cleanup and
Repair
Automatic
Cleanup
Merge, Connect,
Projection, Flow
Volume
Extraction, etc
Extrude, Revolve,
Sweep, etc
3D Operations
Boolean, Body
Operations,Split,
etc
Meshing
Methods
Hybrid Mesh: Tet,
Prisms, Pyramids
Hexa Dominant,
Sweep meshing
Global Mesh
Settings
Local Mesh
Settings
Sizing,
Body/Sphere of
Influence,Match
Control,etc
Geometry Creation OR
Geometry Import
Geometry Operations
Meshing Solver
Assembly
Meshing
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Why Multiple Methods?
• Choice can depend on;
– Physics
– Geometry
– Resources
• Mesh could require just one or a combination of methods.
• Example – Typical mesh design based on geometric, physicsand resource considerations.
Methods
High aspect ratio cells (Inflation) near wall to capture boundary layer
gradients
Tet (3d) or Tri (2d) cells used here to mesh complex region
Hex (3d) or Quad (2d) cells used to
mesh simple regions
Cells refined around small geometric
details and complex flow
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• In the Outline, right click Mesh, Insert > Method
– Select body in Details View
• Or, in the Graphics Window, Select body(s) , right click, Insert > Method
– Body automatically selected in Details View
• Method is selectable using the drop downbox
– Select, Automatic, Tetrahedrons, Hex Dominant,Sweep or Multizone
Inserting Methods
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Method Behavior
• Generates tetrahedral elements - two algorithms are available:
• Patch Conforming
• Patch Independent
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Tetrahedrons Method
Method & Algorithm Behavior
• Bottom up approach: Meshing processstarts from edges, faces and then volume
• All faces and their boundaries are respected (conformed to) and meshed
• Good for high quality (clean) CAD geometries
– CAD cleanup required for dirty geometry
• Sizing is defined by global and/or local controls
• Compatible with inflation
Access
• Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons
– Additional drop down box for algorithm choiceappears - Set to Patch Conforming
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Conforming
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Method & Algorithm Behavior
• Top down approach: Volume mesh generated first and projected on to faces and edges
• Faces, edges and vertices not necessarily conformed to
– Controlled by tolerance and scoping of Named Selection, load or other object
• Good for gross de-featuring of poor quality (dirty) CAD geometries
• Method Details contain sizingcontrols
• Compatible with inflation
Access
• Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons
– Additional drop down box for algorithm choice appears - Set Patch Independent
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Independent
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Tetrahedrons Method: AlgorithmComparison (Surface Mesh)
Geometry containing
small details
Patch Conforming:All
geometric detail is
captured
Patch Independent: Can
ignore and defeature
geometry
Tetrahedrons Method: AlgorithmComparison (Volume Mesh)
Geometry containing
small details
Patch Conforming:
Delaunay mesh –
smooth growth rate
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Patch Independent: Default
Octree Mesh – approximate
growth rate
Smooth Transitionoption
creates Delaunay mesh
Patch Conforming
• Sizing
– Mesh sizing for the Patch Conforming algorithm is defined by Global & Local Controls
– Automatic refinement based on curvature and/or proximity accessible in Global Controls
• Details of Global & Local Controls covered in separate lectures
– Choice of surface mesher algorithm in global controls
Tetrahedrons Method: Control
Proximity
Curvature
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Patch Independent
• Sizing
– Sizing for the Patch Independent algorithm defined in Patch Independent Details
– Automatic curvature & proximity refinement option
Tetrahedrons Method: Control
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Patch Independent
• Defeaturing Control
– Set Mesh Based Defeaturing On
– Set Defeaturing Tolerance
– Assign Named Selections to selectively preserve geometry
Tetrahedrons Method: Control
Defeaturing Tolerance Off
Named Selection assigned and Defeaturing Tolerance= 0.03m. Features > 0.03m respected.
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Patch Conforming
• Clean CAD, accurate surface mesh
Patch Independent
• Dirty CAD, defeatured surface mesh
Tetrahedrons Method: ApplicationExamples
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Hex Meshing
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Hex Meshing
• Reduced element count
– Reduced run time
• Elements aligned in direction of flow
– Reduced numerical error
Methods Available
• Sweep
• MultiZone
• Hex Dominant (not recommended for CFD)
Initial Requirements
• Clean geometry
• May require geometric decomposition
Introduction
Tet Mesh
Elements: 48K
Sweep Mesh
Elements: 19K
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Method Behavior
• Meshes source surface, sweeps through to the target
– Body must have topologically identical faceson two ends, (which act as source and targetfaces)
• Generates hex/wedge elements
• Side faces must be mappable
• Only one source and one target face is allowed
– Alternative ‘Thin’ sweep algorithm can have multiple source and target faces
Access
• Insert Method and set to Sweep
Sweep Meshing
Source FaceTarget Face
Side Face(s)
Sweep Path
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Source/Target (Src/Trg Selection)
• Automatic
– Source & target faces identified automatically
– Not compatible with inflation
• Manual Source & Manual Source and Target
– User selection (required for inflation)
– Compatible with inflation
• Automatic Thin & Manual Thin
– Multiple source and target faces
– Not compatible
with inflation
Sweep Meshing
Sweep Direction Source Face Target Face
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• Inflation
– Must specify at least Source manually when using Inflation & Sweep Method
– 2D inflation defined on source face from boundary edges then swept through volume, source must therefore be specified first
Sweep Meshing
Src/Trg Selection Behaviour
• Automatic selection requires that the application find the Source and Target. Specifying both Source & Target will accelerate meshing
Sweep Mesh No inflation
Automatic Selection
Sweep Mesh with inflation
Manual Selection
Rotational Sweeping
• Sweep meshes can also be created by sweeping a Source around an axis
• Example: Src/Trg Selection -Rotational sweep for sectorgeometry
– Rotational sweeping requires both Source & Target to be selected
• For both rotational and axial sweeping Source & Target faces are color coded when selected
Sweep Meshing
Manual Source &
Target Selection
Target
Face
Source
Face
Sweep Path
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Target
Src/Trg Selection: Automatic Thin & Manual Thin
• Selects an alternate sweep algorithm
• Advantages
– Capable of sweeping multiple Source & Targets
– Can perform some automatic defeaturing
• Disadvantages
– For Multibody Parts only one division across the sweep is allowed
– Inflation & Sweep Bias notallowed
Sweep Meshing
Source
Faces
Source Faces
Imprinted on Target
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Sweep Meshing
How to Identify Sweepable bodies
• ANSYS Meshing can identify sweepable bodies automatically
– Rotational Sweep bodies are not identified
• Right click Mesh object in Outline and select Show > Sweepable Bodies
RMB on Mesh to find
sweepable bodiesGeometry Sweepable bodies in
green color
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Sweep Meshing
How to Ensure Bodies are Sweepable
• Bodies which will not allow sweeping can be decomposed into anumber of topologically simpler sweepable bodies
• Decomposition can be performed in CAD/DM
• Example 1
Unsweepable body
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Decomposed in
CAD/DM
Sweepable!
Example 2
Sweep Meshing
T Junction Geometry
Unsweepable
Decomposed in
CAD/DM
Sweepable!
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Method Behavior
• Based on blocking approach used in ANSYS ICEM CFD Hexa
• Automatically decomposes geometry into blocks
• Generates structured hex mesh where block topology permits
– Remaining region (Free Mesh) filled withunstructured Hexa Core or Tetra or HexaDominant mesh.
• Can select source & target faces automatically or manually
– Can have multiple source faces
• Compatible with 3D inflation
MultiZone Meshing
MultiZone
Mesh
Access
• Insert Method and set to Multizone
Target faces should also be selected as “Source” for Multizone Method as mesh is swept from both directions
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Release 14.5
• Mapped Mesh Type - determines the shape of the elements used to fill structured regions (the default is Hexa).
• Hexa - All hexahedral elements are generated
• Hexa/Prism - For swept regions, the surface mesh canallow triangles for quality and transitioning
• Prism - All prism elements are generated
– This option is sometimes useful if the source facemesh is being shared with a tet mesh, as pyramids are not required to transition to the tet mesh
• Surface Mesh Method – specifies method to create thesurface mesh.
• Program Controlled - automatically uses a combination of Uniform and Pave mesh methods depending on the mesh sizes set and face properties
• Uniform - uses a recursive loop-splitting method which creates a highly uniform mesh
• Pave - creates a good quality mesh on faces with high curvature, and also when neighboring edges have a high aspect ratio
MultiZone Meshing
Surface mesh method = Uniform
Surface mesh method = Pave
Example 1
• Single body automatically decomposed into three blocks
• Src/Trg Selection – Automatic
• Results in all hex mesh
• Equivalent to manually decomposing by slicing off upper and lower cylinders to produce three bodies and applying sweep methods
MultiZone Meshing
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Example 2
• Blend on central body, Multizone no longer ableto create structured block
– Filled according to Free Mesh setting
• Tetra, Hexa Core, Hexa Dominant
• Can specify type of surface mesh using Mapped Mesh Type (Hexa, Hexa/Prism, Prism)
MultiZone Meshing
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Automatic Method
Method Behavior
• Combination of Tetrahedron Patch Conforming and Sweep Method
– Automatically identifies sweepable bodies and creates sweep mesh
– All non-sweepable bodies meshed using tetrahedron Patch Conformal method
• Compatible with inflation
Access
• Default Method where not specified
• Can specify by inserting Method andsetting to Automatic
Automatic Method
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2D Meshing
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• Patch Conforming Methods
– Automatic Method (Quadrilateral Dominant) & Triangles
• Patch Independent Methods
– Multizone Quad/Tri
– Full Quad will be generated if "All Quad" is selected as Free Face Mesh Type
• Advanced size functions and local size controls are supported
Methods for 2D Meshing
Automatic Triangles
Multizone
Quad
Multizone
Quad/Tri
Multizone Quad/Tri & Multizone Quad Methodswere previously called Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform Quad till R14.0
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Mapped Surface Meshes
• Fully mapped surface meshes and specified edge sizing/intervals can be obtained by applying local controls
– Covered in the Local Mesh Controls lecture
2D mesh with Inflation
• Boundary edges are inflated
• Support for global and local inflationcontrols
2D Meshing Control & Inflation
2D
Mapped
Mesh
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ANSYS FLUENT
• For a 2D analysis in FLUENT generate the mesh in the XY plane (z=0).
• For axisymmetric applications y 0 and make sure that the domain is axisymmetric about x axis
• In ANSYS Meshing, by default, a thickness is defined for a surface body and is visible when the viewis not normal to the XY Plane. This is purely graphical – no thickness will be present when the mesh is exported into the FLUENT 2D solver
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ANSYS CFX
• For 2D analysis in CFX, create a volume mesh (using Sweep) that is 1element thick in the symmetry direction, i.e.,
• Thin Block for Planar 2D
• Thin Wedge (< 5°) for 2D Axis-symmetric
2D Mesh Solver Guidelines
Meshing Multiple Bodies
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Selective Meshing
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What is Selective Meshing?
• Selectively picking bodies and meshing them incrementally
Why use Selective Meshing?
• Bodies can be meshed individually
• Mesh seeding from meshed bodies influences neighboring bodies (user has control)
• Automated meshing can be used at any time to mesh all remaining bodies
• When controls are added, only affected body meshes require remeshing
• Selective body updating
• Extensive mesh method interoperability
Local meshing
• Mesh or clear meshes on individualbodies
• Subsequent bodies will use the attachedface mesh
• The meshing results (cell types) will depend on the meshing order
• Adjust/add controls – able to remesh only affected body
• Select body(s) right click for context menu
Selective Meshing
Meshing first the block then thepipeMeshing first the pipe then theblock
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Recording Mesh Operations
• When using selective meshing the order of meshing can be recorded for automated future use
• Right click Mesh in the Outline for Context Menu
• Worksheet is generated recording mesh operations as ordered steps
• Named Selections are automatically created for each meshed body for reference in the Worksheet
– Example; Meshing cylinder then block
Selective Meshing
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Selective Body Updating
• Remeshing only bodies that have changed
• Access option through Tools > Options
– No: All geometry updated, all bodies remeshed.
– Associatively: Accommodates for body topology change (add/delete) (slower)
– Non-Associatively: Assumes no topologychange (faster)
• Example; Geometric change to block.
Selective Meshing
Workshop 2 – Introducing Meshing Methods
Appendix
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Contents
• Hex Dominant Meshing
• Sweep Meshing Biasing & Complex Geometry
• Surface Meshing with Inflation
• Mesh Connections
• Shell Meshing
• Patch Independent Tetrahedrons - Transition
Hex Dominant Meshing
• The mesh contains a combination of tet and pyramid cells with majority of cell being of hex type
• Useful for bodies which cannot be swept
• Useful for CFD applications not requiringinflation
• Useful for CFD in the range of acceptable Skewness or Orthogonal Quality mesh quality metrics
Access
• RMB on Mesh
• Insert →Method
• Definition →Method
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Hex Dominant Meshing
• Example:
Geometry with
valve inside
Hex Dominant
Mesh generated
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Hex Dominant Meshing
Free (unstructured) Face Mesh Types
• Determines the element shape in the free zone (wherestructured meshing is not possible)
Options
• Quad/Tri
• All Quad
– May insert triangular elements depending on complexity of geometry
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Hex Dominant Meshing
Example:
Geometry with
valve inside
Free Face Mesh Type:
Quad/Tri
Free Face Mesh Type:
All Quad
Higher no. of
elements
Lower no. of
elements
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Sweep Meshing
• Control:
• Free (unstructured) Mesh Type
Sweepable Geometry
Source face
elements: Only
Quad
Source face
elements: Quad
plus Tri
Source face
elements: OnlyTri
Type: All Quad
Type: Quad/Tri
Type: AllTri
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Sweep Meshing
Control: Type
Element size in
swept direction
2mm
No. of elements in
swept direction: 10
Sweep Element Size
Sweep Num Divisions
Sweepable Geometry
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Sweep Meshing
• Control: Sweep Bias Type
Uniform mesh
Cells are
concentrated on
one side
No Bias
With Bias
Sweepable Geometry
Sweep Meshing : Complex geometry
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Transition
• Effect of Smooth Transition
• Smooth transition uses advanced front meshing technique
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch Independent
Smooth Transition Off (default) Smooth TransitionOn
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