• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Introduction
Petra Petrovics
Statistics – 1st seminar
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Basic Definitions I1. Define a statistical population and enumerate
variables in relation with the population!
2. The data below are about Hungarian limitedliability companies (which are legal entities) in theconstructive industy in Sept 2009
Type of VariablesVariables
Common Differential
Legal entity
Territorial
Amount of turnover
Sept 2009
(Book p161 E1)
(Book p161 E2)
Qualitative
Quantitative
Temporal
Hungary
Min.500th HUF initialcapital
Type of the company
Seat
Date of establishment
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Basic Definitions II
3. Statistical population: Companies limited by shares on10th Sept 2010.
Type of VariablesVariables
Common Differential
(Book p161 E3)
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
What kind of Statistical Variable is…
a. the turnover of a company?
b. the seat of companies (quoted)?
c. the distribution of students according to gender?
d. the time period of the Statistics seminar?
e. the nationality of employees?
f. the points reached in the Statistics exam?
g. the date of birth of a secretary?
(Book p162 E5)
Quantitative
Territorial
Qualitative
Quant
Qualitative
Quant
Temporal
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
What kind of Statistical Populationis…
a. the towns in Hungary on 1st Jan 2009?
b. the life-birth in Hungary in 2009?
c. the tourists arrived in Hungary in 2009?
d. the Hungarian population at the 2008 census?
e. registered cars in Nyíregyháza on 31st Dec 2009?
f. the Hungarian production of bauxite on 20th Jan2009?
g. the computers sold by Microsoft in 2007?
h. the employees of a company in 2009?
i. unemployment in Hungary on 1st Jan 2009?
(Book p162 E6)
D
C
C
D
D
D
CC
D
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Define Statistical Population types & completethem with a point of date or time period!
a. Universities in Hungary:
b. Turnover of OMO in Metro stores:
c. Deaths in Budapest:
d. The tourists arrived in Hungary:
e. Hungarian population:
f. Number of cars in Zalaegerszeg:
g. Number of semi-prepared products in TAURUSfactory:
(Book p163 E9)
1st Jan 2010; D
2009; C
2009; C
2009; C
1st Jan 2010 D
1st Jan 2010; Data!!!
1st Jan 2010; Data!!!
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Qualitative vs. Quantitative(discrete / continuous) variables?
a. Lifetime of neon lightsb. The number of cars which pass the MOT in Sept
2007c. Weight of newborn babiesd. Postal charges of packagese. Types of lorries at a multinational companyf. Weight of flour bagsg. Distribution of employment according to profession
at the University of Miskolch. Number of faulty productsi. Foreign languages which students learn at the UM
(Book p164 E10)
Quantitative;C
Quantittive;D
Quantitative;C
Quantitative;D
QualitativeQuantitative;C
QualitativeQuantitative;D
Qualitative
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Statistical Rows & Columns
Classes
Frequencies
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Data Set
1. Mass of numerical data – discrete valuesE.g: 11.8, 3.6, 16.6, 13.5, 3.6, 8.3, 8.9, 9.1, 7.7, 2.3, 12.1, 6.1, 10.2, 8.0, 11.4,6.8, 9.6, 19.5, 15.3, 12.3, 8.5, 15.9, 18.7, 11.7, 6.2, 11.2, 10.4, 7.2, 5.5, 14.5
2. Frequency distribution: method of organising &presenting data
– Score value– Interval of score values: classes
Statistical tablerecords thenumber ofobservationsin each class
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Class Limits ClassWidth
Frequency
2-5 3 3
5-8 3 6
8-11 3 8
11-14 3 7
14-17 3 4
17-20 3 2
Total 30
Class Limits Frequency
2.3 1
3.6 2
… …
19.5 1
Total 30
Class Intervals
Approximate class width:
Frequency tablewith score
values
36
220
cases of number
value smallest-value largest
Number of class intervals: 2k > N
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Classifying
Comparative
Descriptive
Statistical rows
• The main and partialpopulation
• ∑ • Same measures
• Generally: cannot add data
• Same types of data
• Different types and measures of data
Qualitative, Quantitative, Temporal, Geographical
Types of Statistical Rows
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Descriptive Rows
Name Data
Territory (Thousand qkm) 93,0
Population (Million people) 10,04
GDP (Billion Euro) 105,8
CPI (%) 106,1
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Comparative RowsYear Hungarian Population
(Thousand person)
1960 9 961
1970 10 322
1980 10 709
1990 10 709
Year Number of marriage
2002 46 008
2003 46 398
2004 43 791
2005 44 234
Temporal: Time series- Point of date -
• Discrete population
• summarize
Temporal: Time series- Period -
• Continuouspopulation
• We can summarize
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Comparative Rows
Country ∆GDP (%) 2001-2005
Hungary 4.2
Romania 5.7
Slovakia 4.6
Slovenia 3.4
Qualitative
Geographical
Year Expected lifetime (year)
Men 68,6
Women 76,9
Hungary, 2005
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2005
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Types of Statistical Tables
Descriptive / Comparative Row
De
scriptive
/ C
om
parative
Ro
w
Descriptive / Comparative Row
Classifyin
gR
ow
Classifying RowC
lassifying
Ro
wSimple Table
ClassifyingTable
CombinedTable
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Statistical Table
• Statistical table: set of data arranged inrows and columns;
• It is important to have: title & source &measurements
• Signs: if we do not know the data: …
if there is not any data: 0
• Number of class intervals: 2k > N
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Name Data
Territory (thousand qkm) 93,0
Population (million people) 10,04
GDP (billion euro) 105,8
CPI (%) 106,1
Data about Hungary (2008)
Source: HCSO (KSH)
1 dimension
title measurements
source
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Territory price index in Hungary (2008)
Territory price indexEmployed people Unemployed people
(Thousand people)
Central Hungary 1245,5 80,5
Central Transdanubia 441,5 40,5
Western Transdanubia 408,2 36,5
Southern Transdanubia 337,4 42,3
Northern Hungary 397,6 69,9
Northern Great Plain 492,1 78,7
Southern Great Plain 474,8 53,3
Total 3797,1 401,7Source: HCSO (KSH)
2 dimensions
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Analyze the following Statistical Tables:(Book p165 E13)
QualificationGender
Men Women
A 2 3B 4 4C 3 1
Total 9 8
Money spent on
entertainment (HUF)
Economics Law Engineering Total
Male F M F M F M F
0 - 5 000 20 12 10 10 30 4 60 26
5 001 – 10 000 23 8 12 20 23 10 58 38
10 001 – 20 000 2 30 20 4 3 2 25 36
Total 45 50 42 34 56 16 143 100
b) Crosstabulation about the university students
a) Number of workers in Rock-Well Club (2009)
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
YearsPopulation
X County Y County
1991 1000 1200
1992 1100 1300
1993 1100 1500
1994 1200 1550
1995 1240 1700
c) Population in ‘Somewhere’ Country (th p)
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Create a statistical table!
The data about a Hungarian-Italian football match are thefollowing: 20 000 people saw the match. 80% of them wereHungarian supporters. 3 000 people of the Hungariansupporters could see the game free, 1% of them were VIPguests, the rest bought general tickets. 50 Italian supportershad VIP tickets, the rest had to pay.
(Book p167 E17)
Type of
tickets
Hungarian supporter Italian supporter Total
people % people % people %
Free 3 000 18.75 0 0 3 000 15
General 12 840 80.25 3 950 98.75 16 790 83.95
VIP 160 1 50 1.25 210 1.05
Total 16 000 80 4000 20 20 000 100
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Waterconsumption
(m3)
Numberof
housesf’ g g’ S S’ Z Z’
1 10
2,5 38
3 32
4 28
5 12
Total 120
Quantitative Rows I
Book p187 E67
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Amount of sales in a
hypermarket(th HUF)
Numberof buyers
f’ g g’ S S’ Z Z’
-5 10
5-10 35
10-15 25
15-20 15
20- 15
Total
Quantitative Rows II
Book p188 E69
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
Pension(HUF) f f’ g g’
-10 999 5 143
11 000-14 999 118 766
15 000-19 999 540 537
20 000-39 999
40 000- 69 854
Total 1 643 552
Quantitative Rows III
Book p188 E68
• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet
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