Intro to Communication
Ann N. Garfinkle, PhD
Overview of Communication
• We do it all our waking hours• Tied to other skills/behaviors
Overview Of Communication
Communication
Speech
Deficits in Communication Skills in Aduts with ASD
• Issues related to independence• Issues related to compliance
A range of effective behavioral strategies
• Lovass vs Baer
What’s naturalistic?
• Teaching in everyday environments• Naturally occurring• Interest-based• Adults contingently respond
Why naturalistic?
• Leads to more overall communicative behavior
• Easily implemented by parents• Increases relationships
General ways to increase expressive language
• Model how to communicate• Model new words in context• Model building words into sentences• Model the basis for narratives and stories• Model words for emotion and regulatioj• Provide opportunities to talk• Provide meaningful feedback for talking• Teach social skills• Teach expanded vocabularly
Also
• Repeating, expanding and recasts• Decreased questions• RESPONSIVITY
Specific Types of Naturalistic Strategies
• Incidental Teaching• Time Delay• Environmental manipulation• (Milieu teaching)
Milieu teaching
• A set of tools to facilitate child’s communication– Setting up an interactive context between the adult
and child through play and routines– Noticing and responding to child communication
and balancing turns– Model and expanding play– Modeling and expanding communication– Using time delay– Using prompting stratgies
MT can:
• Increase the rate of communication• Increase the diversity of communication• Increase the complexity of communication• Increase the child’s independence through
spontaneous communication and decrease dependence on adult cues
Strategy 1: Engage
• Develop a platform of joint attention and engagement through social interaction and engagement– Be at the person’s level– Do what the person is doing– Follow the person’s lead– Avoid directions and let the adult interact– Avoid questions and let the adult initiate– Choose interesting and engaging activities
Strategy 2: Notice and Respond to Communication
• Notice and respond every time the adult communicates; respond by talking about what the adult is doing. Language needs to relate to what the adult is doing to be meaninful.
Strategy 3: Take Turns
• Allow the adult time to communicate and take balanced turns
• Only say something after the adult communicates
Strategy 4: Mirror and Map
• Mirroring—adult imitates the client’s non-verbal behaviors
• Mapping—adults lays language onto these actions by describing them
Strategy 5: Model and Expand
• Extend the time a adult interacts with materials
• Expand the different actions the adult does with the same materials
• Expand the types of materials the adult uses
Strategy 6: Model and Expand Language
• People learn language through modeling• Contingent modeling is the most powerful
form• Simplifying language to match the clients'
language targets help client learn language more quickly
Strategy 7: Expanding Communication
• An expansion is imitating the client and adding a little bit more
• The most powerful expansion includes the clients’s communication targets
Strategy 8: Environmental Arrangement
• EA provides the client with more opportunities to practice communicating (that aren’t directly initiated by an adult)
• Set up the environment to:– Offer choices– Pause within a routine– Wait– Inadequate portions– Ask for help
Strategy 9: Prompt Language
• A prompt is a signal to the client to do or say something
• 4 language prompts from least to most support are:– Time delay– Open questions– Choice questions– Model procedures
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