Introduction to ‘Cloud Computing’
చక్ర�వర్తి�9/19 - 2009
Expertise level• Using Computer for email• Use computer for programming since
– 0 to 2 yrs– 2 to 4 yrs– 4 yrs and Above
• Will learn later• I’m here because of my friend / philosopher /
blah .. blah .. • ఏదో.. టైమ్పాస్
What, How and Why
• Do I care• Why do I care• I don’t care• ..
• కెరీర్ ఇం�కామొదలవ�లేద�, ఇంప్పు�డెం�ద�క్ర�?
Agenda
• The hype – stats• Industry definitions• History – a review of computing• Issues that matter• Origin• Grid vs Cloud• Details
The hype
Cluster ComputingCloud ComputingGrid Computing
The hype
Some Definitions
definitions
.. Moving computing and data away from the desktop and the portable PC and simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized location and is then transmitted via the internet on the user's screen ..
- John Makroff
.. a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a "cloud" of computers ..
- Wikipedia
.. the idea of relayin on Web-based applications and storing data in the "cloud" of the internet
- MIT Technology Review
.. it starts with the premise that the data services and architecture should be on servers, We call it cloud computing - they should be in a 'cloud' somewhere..
- Eric Schmidt
Some other ..• Common, Location-independent, Online Utility on Demand*
– Common implies multi-tenancy, not single or isolated tenancy – Utility implies pay-for-use pricing– on Demand implies ~infinite, ~immediate, ~invisible scalability
• Alternatively, a “Zero-One-Infinity” definition:** 0 On-premise infrastructure
Acquisition costAdoption costSupport cost
1 Coherent and resilient environment – not a brittle “software stack”
Scalability in response to changing needIntegratability/Interoperability with legacy assets and other servicesCustomizability/Programmability from data, through logic, up into theuser interface without compromising robust multi-tenancy
* Joe Weinman, Vice President of Solutions Sales, AT&T, 3 Nov. 2008** From The Jargon File: “Allow none of foo, one of foo, or any number of foo”
.. the trend towards online services that run in a web browser and store users information in a provider's data center ..
- చక్ర�వర్తి�
location
location
computations & data are not in the place they used to be in..
location
why does it matter? a bunch of geeky stuff..
possession implies control
control implies power
history
of computing, how is changed
distributed central
history of evolution of computing
SUN 3 workstation
Centralized
Low CostExpert Management
Distributed
Rich user InterfaceUser Autonomy
Server
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client Server – 80s & 90s
ServerClient
ServerClient
Data Store
S Q L
C #
JavaScript
HTML
XML
ASP.NET
Intermediary Application – Cloud Implementation Strategy
enterprise impact
Cultural Challenges
Integration is hard
ExpensiveInfrastructure
Data
Data Integration
Adds meaning
Data Integration is hard
InvisibleHard to quantify Discounted
Financial & Logistics Challenges
Cost v. BenefitTime (Cost v. Benefit)
Traditional Software Purchase
Purchase softwarePurchase hardwareFind space in data centerCreate migration planSetup development & testConfigure systemsConfigure databasesConfigure networksMore…
The Easy Way
Get a login
Data Integration is hard
Costs don’t match benefits
How do we make integration easier, and deliver benefits more
quickly?
Define Cloud Computing
How do we make integration easier, and deliver benefits more quickly?Cloud computing is a way to make integration easier, and deliver benefits more quickly
Turn a commodity into a utility
integration^
Necessary, but not
differentiating
Not everything’s a commodity
Web Server Farms. Commodity.
Much Enterprise Software. Commodity
Email. A commodity.
Messaging. Maybe not a commodity.
What if… we just gave IT a platform to create their own data models, interfaces, and processes on a dynamic infrastructure [that met corporate requirements] & simply existed as needed?
Results in elevated IT relevance
Other Results…
Focus on integration will evolve to a more disciplined approach
Match expenses to benefits
Enable new classes of applications
Best Practices
Mediation. A secret weapon.
Service Level Management. Don’t even start with “my piece is working fine!”
Security. It’s not (only) what you think it needs to be.
Build a culture of collaboration.
Example: Google Apps
Cloud Application(Google Docs)
Cloud Client(Mozilla Firefox)
Cloud hardware(Apps Server)
Cloud Platform(Apps Engine)
Cloud Services(Word Processing)
BigTable
Cloud storage(BigTable DB)
issues that matter
Implications
possession of data
privacy
our data is hold by 3rd party
security
portability and preservation
“possession” of computation
market power
how big is the problem?
location
Understanding Cloud Computing
Origin
• “.. Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the network as a cloud… we didn’t care where the messages went… the cloud hid it from us” – Kevin Marks, Google
• First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction)• Second cloud around documents (WWW data
abstraction)• The emerging cloud abstracts infrastructure complexities
of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms– (“muck” as Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos calls it)
3 Cloud Service Models
• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)– Use provider’s applications over a network
• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)– Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)– Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other
fundamental computing resources
• To be considered “cloud” they must be deployed on top of cloud infrastructure that has the key characteristics
Service Model ArchitecturesCloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Architectures
Platform as a Service (PaaS)Architectures
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
4 Cloud Deployment Models
• Private cloud – enterprise owned or leased
• Community cloud– shared infrastructure for specific community
• Public cloud– Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
• Hybrid cloud– composition of two or more clouds
Common Cloud Characteristics
• Cloud computing often leverages:– Massive scale– Virtualization– Non-stop computing– Free software– Geographic distribution– Service oriented software – Autonomic computing– Advanced security technologies
is this GRID Computing?
Clouds aren’t all the same
• Not every cloud is a “grid”– Grids imply dynamic arrival/departure– Electrical analogy has limits: CPU cycles aren’t substitutable
• Most clouds are not “compute clusters”– Clusters are typically monocultures: just one type of node– Applications may require tuning to a particular cluster size
• Some clouds are servers in virtual slices– Virtualized servers can be quickly provisioned– Spin-up of instances = new management task– Hardware gets cheaper, management…not so much
• Enterprise cloud computing implies API leverage
– Immediate focus on function; immediate delivery of value
– Using appropriate frameworks enables a huge head start
Single tenancy gives each customer a dedicated software stack – and each layer in each stack still requires configuration, monitoring, upgrades, security updates, patches, tuning and disaster recovery.
On a multi-tenant platform, all applications run in a single logical environment: faster, more secure, more available, automatically upgraded and maintained. Any improvement appears to all customers at once.
Shared infrastructure
Other apps
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 1
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 2
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 3
Single-Tenant (vs) Multi-Tenant Architecture
Coherent Code Base and Managed InfrastructureCoherent Code Base and Managed Infrastructure
Your Clicks
Your Code
User Interface
Logic
Database
Metadata representations:Partitioned data, logic and customizations for multiple customers
Build strategic applications
Customize any aspect
Upgrade when convenient
Retain IP ownership
The technical part : Why multi-tenant matters
Virtual ServersVirtual Servers
Virtual ServersVirtual Servers
Virtual Servers
PaaS for theInquiring Developer
“Servers as a Service” PaaS as anApplication Framework
Infrastructure as a Service
Database as a Service
Integration as a Service
Logic as a Service
UI as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service Infrastructure as a Service
Database as a Service
Python App Server
~Familiar Developer ModelRapid Scalability
OfferingInnovative Technology
Supports Large-Scale SaaSDeep-Dyed Multitenancy
Database as a Service
PaaS Taxonamy : Proliferating Platforms
Thank you
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